Behavior Therapy PDF

Behavior Therapy conditioned response – In classical conditioning, the response elicited by the conditioned stimulus after the conditioned stimulus has been anxiety...

Behavior Therapy conditioned response – In classical conditioning, the response elicited by the conditioned stimulus after the conditioned stimulus has been anxiety hierarchy – In exposure therapy, a rank ordered list of paired with the unconditioned stimulus anxiety-provoking stimuli to which the client will be gradually exposed conditioned stimulus – In classical conditioning, the stimulus paired with the unconditioned stimulus that ultimately elicits the conditioned assertiveness training – A form of behavior therapy based on classical response conditioning in which clients improve on timid, apprehensive, or ineffectual social behaviors contingencies – The “if..., then...” statements connecting actions to outcomes that organisms learn through operant conditioning aversion therapy – A form of contingency management therapy that emphasizes the use of punishment as a consequence for an unwanted contingency management – A form of behavior therapy based on behavior operant conditioning in which the consequences following selected behaviors are changed to produce more desirable behavior Albert Bandura – A leading researcher in the area of observational learning, modeling, and social learning counterconditioning – Re-pairing a conditioned stimulus with a response that is incompatible with the previously conditioned response; baselines - In behavior therapy, pretreatment data on a problem an essential component of systematic desensitization behavior used as a basis for later comparisons discrimination – In classical conditioning, a process by which the behavior therapy – An approach to psychotherapy emphasizing conditioned response is not evoked by stimuli that are similar to, but not empiricism, observable and quantifiable problems and progress, and a an exact match for, the conditioned stimulus lack of speculation about internal mental processes empirical data – An essential feature of behavior therapy that can take behavioral activation – A form of behavior therapy for depression, the the form of frequencies of problem behavior at various points in therapy goal of which is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client exposure and response prevention – A particular form of exposure therapy—and an example of an evidence-based practice—that has behavioral consultation – An indirect alternative to behavior therapy received substantial empirical support for the treatment of obsessive- whereby the therapist serves as a consultant to an individual such as a compulsive disorder parent, teacher, or supervisor who ultimately implements the behavioral interventions with the client in the natural setting exposure therapy – A form of behavior therapy based on classical conditioning in which clients gradually face a feared object or situation classical conditioning – Conditioning in which an unconditioned stimulus that produces an unconditioned response is paired with a extinction – In behavior therapy, the removal of an expected conditioned stimulus such that the conditioned stimulus elicits a similar reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior response (labeled as the conditioned response) extinction burst – In behavior therapy, the initial increase in intensity of the unwanted behavior immediately after the expected reinforcement is removed flooding – In exposure therapy, all-at-once in vivo exposure to feared observational learning – In behavior therapy, conditioning that takes objects or situations (in contrast to graded exposure) place when the individual observes contingencies applied to others rather than the self; also known as modeling and social learning generalization – In classical conditioning, a process by which the conditioned response is evoked by stimuli that are similar to, but not an operant conditioning – Conditioning in which the organism “operates” exact match for, the conditioned stimulus on the environment, notices the consequences of the behavior, and incorporates those consequences into decisions regarding future graded exposure - In exposure therapy, a gradual approach to exposing behavior clients to feared objects or situations Ivan Pavlov – An important figure in the history of behavior therapy; a imaginal exposure – In exposure therapy, exposure to anxiety- researcher whose classical conditioning studies provided a foundation provoking objects via imagination, in contrast to in vivo exposure for many behavioral techniques imitation – In behavior therapy, a way in which clients can benefit from positive punishment – A form of punishment in which the individual observational learning simply by mimicking the modeled behavior “gets something bad” implosion – In exposure therapy, all-at-once imaginal exposure to positive reinforcement – A form of reinforcement in which the feared objects or situations (in contrast to graded exposure) individual “gets something good” in vivo exposure – In exposure therapy, exposure to anxiety-provoking punishment – In behavior therapy, any consequence that makes a objects in real life, in contrast to imaginal exposure behavior less likely to recur in the future introspection - The process of looking inside the mind for evidence of reinforcement – In behavior therapy, any consequence that makes a mental processes or therapeutic change, rejected by behaviorists for its behavior more likely to recur in the future lack of objectivity shaping – In behavior therapy, reinforcing successive approximations law of effect – The behavioral principle that actions followed by of the target behavior pleasurable consequences are more likely to recur, whereas actions followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to recur B. F. Skinner – A pioneer of behaviorism whose experimentation on the law of effect and operant conditioning formed the foundation for many negative punishment – A form of punishment in which the individual forms of behavior therapy “loses something good” systematic desensitization – A form of behavior therapy based on negative reinforcement – A form of reinforcement in which the classical conditioning involving re-pairing (or counterconditioning) the individual “loses something bad” feared object with a new response, such as relaxation, that is incompatible with anxiety observable changes – An essential feature of behavior therapy; therapeutic changes that are directly observable rather than inferred teacher training – A form of behavioral consultation in which the therapist serves as a consultant to a teacher, who ultimately implements the behavioral interventions with the student in the school testable hypotheses – In behavior therapy, an essential feature of theories underlying problem behaviors whereby theories can be empirically supported, refuted, modified, and retested token economy – A form of behavior therapy based on operant conditioning in which clients earn tokens, exchangeable for reinforcements, for performing predetermined target behaviors unconditioned response – In classical conditioning, the response elicited by the unconditioned stimulus before any conditioning has taken place unconditioned stimulus – In classical conditioning, the stimulus that elicits the unconditioned response before any conditioning has taken place vicarious learning – In behavior therapy, a way in which clients can benefit from observational learning whereby the client observes not only the modeled behavior but also the model receiving consequences for that modeled behavior John Watson – An important figure in the history of behavior therapy and early promoter of behaviorism in the United States