BCULT TOPIC NO.4.pptx

SYSTEM OF WORK, WORK ORGANIZATION AND WORK PRACTICES REDUCING THE RISKS THAT STEM FROM SYSTEM OF THE WORK PRACTICES MAY INVOLVE MODIFYING SEVERAL FACTORS SUCH AS FOR HOW LONG AN ACTIVITY IS CARRIED OUT (DURATION), HOW OFTEN AND QUICKLY THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED (FREQUENCY) AND HOW THE ACTIVITY...

SYSTEM OF WORK, WORK ORGANIZATION AND WORK PRACTICES REDUCING THE RISKS THAT STEM FROM SYSTEM OF THE WORK PRACTICES MAY INVOLVE MODIFYING SEVERAL FACTORS SUCH AS FOR HOW LONG AN ACTIVITY IS CARRIED OUT (DURATION), HOW OFTEN AND QUICKLY THE ACTIVITY IS PERFORMED (FREQUENCY) AND HOW THE ACTIVITY IS DONE. THIS ELEMENTS MAKE UP THE DESIGN OF A JOB. Strategies to design safe jobs and work practices include the following: 1. Safe duration and frequency – jobs should be designed to ensure that workers adopt a wide variety of actions and postures and reduce intense periods of force full exertion and repetitive movement. Options to achieve safe durations and frequent is include: rotation of workers through other tasks that require different actions and postures; and /or redesigning the job to include different actions and postures as part of the routine. 2. Safe work rates and job demands - work performance varies between individuals and overtime, and can be influenced by work and equipment factors: In determining safe works rate in job demands, some of the factors that need to be considered are: how often, how quickly and for how long the activities of the task are performed: the force required to complete the activities the quality of work required the type of work and equipment the training that has been received the skills, knowledge and experience of workers; and physical difference between people (eg. size and strength) Bonus and incentives schemes may encourage workers to work beyond their individual capacities and should be reviewed regularly if they are in place. Machine pacing possesses a risk if the place is too fast or too slow. If machine pacing cannot be eliminated, then enabling workers to control the flow of work and buffer zones are effective ways to reduce the risk from machine pacing. The use of electronic monitoring to pace employees’ work is not recommended as it can cause individual employees to work at rates beyond their capacity, placing them at risk. Some of the limitations of electronic monitoring for accessing work performance are that if fails to take into account factors such as: human variation variation in equipment performance capacity of the worker variation in the period of time taken to reach an optimum level of skill; and quality of work AND WORK PRACTICES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 3, Mix of activity and task breaks – where a task requires a long period of repetitive actions or fixed postures, and it is not possible to vary the types of activity in task, breaks should be provided. This breaks should be made up of other task that do not require similar actions and postures to be performed. The length and frequency of breaks will depend on a type of activities that make the task and job. AND WORK PRACTICES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 4. Peak demand - many activities after have predictable peak periods with wide variation in work demand. Increase risks from performing manual tasks during this peak periods can be prevented by providing sufficient people and equipment to cope during times of increase work. AND WORK PRACTICES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 5, Working Hours - it may be necessary to determine whether the type of manual tasks being performed is suitable for extended hours or shifts. Work that is heavy, repetitive, demanding or involves variation may need further consideration. See also the Commission’s Code of Practice: Working hours for further information. 6. Special individual needs - it can be particularly important to provide suitable work patterns for workers with special needs. For example, injured workers returning to work may require their work patterns to be modified. How to Apply Health & Safety Practices in the Workplace Proper signage will help keep employees aware of health and safety risks. Developing and implementing effective health and safety practices takes an ongoing commitment from both the human resource department and the managers that directly oversee the employees. Motivating employees to use health and safety practices requires motivating them to break out of bad habits. The result is well worth the effort, as applying and enforcing health and safety practices in the workplace results in lowered accidents Instructions 1. Develop health and safety rules and best practices. Write these rules down, and make them available to all managers and employees. 2. Set goals for meeting health and safety standards. These goals can be as simple as achieving 100 consecutive accident – free days or lowering the number of safety violations per month. 3. Develop employee incentives for meeting department health and safety goals. While you would hope employees would be safe for the sake of being safe, this is not generally the rule. Many employees have develop shortcuts that cause health or safety risks. An incentive program is often the fastest way to make them willing to obey the standard rules. 4. Develop a process of disciplinary action for employees that do not meet the health and safety goals. Most commonly, these disciplinary plans involve verbal and written warnings that lead to termination of employment if the situation does not improve. Managers should also have to meet the goals and guidelines set for their department. Likewise, hold them accountable for repeated offenses. 5. Hold a health and safety meeting with all employees in the organization. Clearly and thoroughly explain the newly established practices, goals and disciplinary action. 6. Provide health and safety training to ensure that all employees have been formally trained. It is a very common mistake for the human resource department to assume that supervisors provide proper training on the job. 7. The best way to ensure that every employees understands the health and safety practices is by documenting completion of a formal training program. This will also help protect the company against litigation resulting from workplace accidents. 8. Place reminder notices around the workplace. Focus on clear signage around areas that frequent causes of health or safety violations. This reminder is often enough to cause employees to employ best practices. 9. Follow through on any incentives or disciplinary action. If the company fails to make good on its promises, it will only show employees that shortcuts are acceptable and rules are not enforced. 10. Review the reports of violations as well as the health and safety polices as needed. Make any necessary changes to fine tune the program. 11. Hold regular health and safety meetings to announce policy changes and introduce new health and safety topics of concern. These meetings will show the employees that health and safety are ongoing concern, which will prevent them from slipping back into risky shortcuts.