Basic Philosophies in Education PDF

Basic Philosophies in Education Objective s 1.Summarize and differentiate the different philosophies of education and draw their implications to teaching-learning. 2.Formulate one’s own philosophy of education. 3.Identify the philosophical bases of the k to 12 curriculum LESSO...

Basic Philosophies in Education Objective s 1.Summarize and differentiate the different philosophies of education and draw their implications to teaching-learning. 2.Formulate one’s own philosophy of education. 3.Identify the philosophical bases of the k to 12 curriculum LESSON 1: BASIC PHILOSOPHIES IN EDUCATION Philosophy of education may be defined as the application of the fundamental principles of a philosophy of life to the work of education. EXISTENTIALISM  It is a philosophical belief that the human being is the creator of his essence. Existentialism was To Sartre, "existence precedes essence” coined by French phiosopher Gabriel Marcel and It views that humans find the meaning of adopted by their lives through rational decisions Jean Paul Sartre they make and by taking responsibility for deciding who we are. Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855 (Danish minister and It focuses on the individual existence, philosopher who is considered to be the how humans use his freedom of choice founder of and free will in making decisions and existentialism finding the meaning of their lives.. ESSENTIALISM It is an educational philosophy which asserts that The idea of essentialism education involves the learning of the basic skills, was formulated Basic knowledge of arts and sciences that have been useful by William in the past and are likely to remain useful in the future. Bagley. Bagley believed that education The academic content emphasizes for the students to was not learn the basic skills or the fundamental r’s – reading, supposed to riting, rithmetic, right conduct – as these are essential change society but to preserve to it. the acquisition of higher learning. Essentialists believe that character development is likewise important and so teacher should try to engrain the traditional moral values and virtues to students. PERENNIALISM “Perennial” means lasting or remaining active throughout the year perennialists believe that one should teach ideas that are everlasting. Perennialism It espouses the idea that knowledge is enduring (Latin: and it continue to last throughout time and philosophia perennis) space and would still be relevant today. developed by Thomas Aquinas in his work De It is a teacher-centered philosophy wherein Magistro (The Teacher) teachers direct the learning and is assumed to be knowledgeable on the subject matter. PROGRESSIVISM  Education should focus on holistic approach of dealing with the learner, rather than on the content or the teacher, Progressivism is from Latin word progressivus  contradicts the traditional views of which means “characterized by essentialism and perennialism. advancement”’ proposed by John Dewey.  lessons must be relevant to the students in order for them to learn.  educators are outcome focused and don’t simply impart learned facts. BEHAVIORISM Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, - a theory of learning which states all Behaviorism was behaviors are learned through coined by interaction with the environment psychologist John B. Watson a process called conditioning. and B.F. Skinner Thus, behavior is simply a response to who developed what is known environmental stimuli as “radical Conditioning occurs through interaction with behaviorism” the environment. Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our actions. This philosophy emphasizes that repetition is a useful action that results in learning. RECONSTRUCTIONISM Reconstructionism, as a philosophy, emphasizes the addressing of social questions and a quest to create a better society and worldwide democracy through education. For social reconstructionist, the curriculum The principle Reconstructionism of the present generation must focus on was first publicly enunciated by Rabbi student experience and taking social action Mordecai M. Kaplan on real social concerns like: in 1934 violence, Theodore Brameld hunger, (1904-1987) was international terrorism, considered the founder of social inflation, and reconstructionism inequality COGNITIVISM Cognitivism is a theory that explains learning takes place through the internal processing of Cognitivism is information from the word `cognition’ According to the cognitivist theory, the way which was someone learns is determined by the way derived from the Latin verb that person’s mind takes in things. cognosco equivalent to”/ know, perceive” The basis of cognitivism is that when which means ‘ students are learning a new thing, the prior to conceptualize or knowledge always makes a connection with ’to recognize.’ new knowledge. In this theory mind is an information processor. It emphasizes understanding the concept as a whole instead of just the pieces. CONSTRUCTIVI SM Constructivism is the theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information. As people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge (schemas). In the constructivist classroom, the teacher provides students with data or experiences that allow them to hypothesize, predict, manipulate objects, pose questions and invents. PRAGMATISM Pragmatists reject the idea of absolute, unchanging truth. It asserts that truth is what works. Pragmatist classroom focuses on learning how to learn, direct experiences, problem solving, and integration. Pragmatists believe that reality is constantly changing. REALISM Realists believe that the objects we perceive exist independently of the mind; that whether or not we perceive these objects, they really Its well known exist in the world. proponents include Thomas Purpose of education - to teach students Aquinas, about the world in which they live. Francis Bacon, Alfred North Applied to education, - this massively Whitehead, involves the use of reasoning and and scientific method Bertrand Russsel. Meaning happens through empirically proven facts..  IDEALISM It asserts that ideas are the only true reality, the only thing worth knowing. Idealism focuses on conscious reasoning of the mind. This philosophy emphasize cognitive development and does not espouse vocational training. aim of education – capacitate the students with broad ideas and principles for intellect development. believe that students should start from the basics like learning the 3 Rs – reading, writing, and arithmetic