Basic Life Support - Training Material PDF

BASIC LIFE SUPPOR INSTRUCTOR’S PROFILE Rank, Name, SN, MOS, BS Designation: Picture of Previous Assignments Instructors Significant Schoolings “Take some time to learn first aid and CPR. It saves lives, and it works ” B...

BASIC LIFE SUPPOR INSTRUCTOR’S PROFILE Rank, Name, SN, MOS, BS Designation: Picture of Previous Assignments Instructors Significant Schoolings “Take some time to learn first aid and CPR. It saves lives, and it works ” Bobby Sherman CLASSROOM RULES  Those who will attend personal necessity can go out silently.  Those who are sleepy can proceed at the back and have some stretching.  You will be given 5 Minutes break every 30 Minutes lecture discussion.  Questions will be entertained right after the lecture.  SAFETY PLAN Fire In case of fire, run immediately to the nearest exit door and immediately proceed to open ground for accounting  SAFETY PLAN Earthquake Do the duck, cover and hold-on procedure  SAFETY PLAN Tripping wire Be careful of the extension wire used  REFERENCE Standard First Aid Presentation from DOH; Home Study Course Manual on Human Anatomy Course.com (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)  INTRODUCTION  If an accident happens in the workplace, you cannot be a helpless witness, since simply standing by can potentially worsens the situation. This is why it’s important to have at least a basic on first aid.  As its most basic, first aid is the initial assistance given to a victim of injury or illness. Comprised of relatively simple techniques that can be performed with rudimentary equipment, basic life support is usually carried out by a layperson until professional medical assistance arrives.  LEARNING OUTCOME The students will be able to: First Aid for Circulation Airway and Breathing Emergencies Cardiovascular resuscitation Rescue Breaths and Choking  ROADMAP Discuss and perform the following: First Aid for Circulation Airway and Breathing Emergencies Cardiovascular resuscitation Rescue Breaths and Choking  IMPORTANCE  Providing quick medical treatment until professional assistance arrives.  Knowledge in Basic Life Support also benefits the individuals themselves.  If affords people with the ability to provide help during various emergency situations. First Aid for Circulation  Airway and Breathing Emergencies  First Steps in First Aid  Scene size-up  Primary assessment  History  Secondary assessment  Scene size-up Survey the scene Move patient to safest area Check for the consciousness of the patient (Introduce yourself to gain patient and By- standers’ trust). Call for help (Ex: Mr Red , kindly call for an ambulance then come back to me)  Primary assessment  Circulation  Airway  Breathing  Circulation  Skin - color: reddish? whitish? bluish? - clammy? sweaty? very dry?  Pulse - at the side of the base of the thumb  Airway  Able to speak / cry = open airway  Note quality of speaking / crying  Open the airway (Module 2)  Remove obstructions  Breathing Check for signs of breathing (NOT > THAN10 SECONDS!) against your cheek Hear the flow of air See the chest rise and fall  History Chief complaint History of the chief complaint Pain assessment Onset Allergies Medical history and medications Next of kin  Secondary assessment To monitor victim’s condition; identify specific injuries Head and neck Shoulders, chest and back Arms and hands Abdomen Hips Legs and feet  Secondary assessment HEAD Sunken areas Blood or fluid on the surface Blood or fluid coming out of ears Confused? Difficulty speaking? Difficulty walking?  Secondary assessment NECK Sides, back of neck Painful, tender or deformed  immobilize  Secondary assessment SHOULDER Examine collar bone area Push down shoulders  Secondary assessment BACK Feel along the spine, ribcage  Secondary assessment ARMS and HANDS Deformities Pain  Secondary assessment ABDOMEN Evenness “Board-like” feeling Pain  Secondary assessment HIPS Compress gently If pain on compression  DO NOT rock! If no pain on compression  push down gently in a rocking motion  Secondary assessment HIPS Feel for deformity or pain Shortening, rotation Normal, painless movement of each foot Obvious injuries Cardiovascular Resuscitation  Definition of Terms Heart Attack Cardiac Arrest Clinical Death Biological Death Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation  Causes of Cardiac Arrest a. Drowning. h. Trauma (major injury). b. Electrical shock. i. Medical reasons (terminal c. Poisoning illness, septic shock, sudden d. Suffocation. infant death syndrome, etc). e. Smoke inhalation j. Hypovolemic shock (shock f. Choking on food or other objects. g. Anaphylactic shock [shock caused caused by severe blood by hypersensitivity (severe allergic loss). reaction), such as venom of a bee k. Drug reaction. sting].  PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF HEART ATTACK (RISK FACTORS) a. Major Risk Factors b. Other Risk Factors c. Unproven Factors  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A HEART ATTACK  NEED FOR CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION As stated previously, the blood supplies the cells of the body with oxygen. In a medical emergency, you must ensure that this supply of oxygen continues. The supply of oxygen to the body cells is threatened whenever the person stops breathing on his own or when the person's heart stops pumping blood. When the oxygen supply fails, cells begin to die. The length of time required for a cell to die after the oxygen supply has stopped depends upon several factors. One of the most important factors is the type of cell involved. Brain cells are the most sensitive. Permanent brain damage usually occurs if the oxygen supply is stopped for more than 6 minutes. Therefore, a casualty who has suffered a cardiac arrest must have breathing and circulation restored quickly if biological death is to be prevented. The process of restoring breathing is called rescue breathing. Artificial heartbeats are produced by administering chest compressions. In neither case, however, is the substitute measure as efficient as the body's natural process.  EFFECTS OF RESCUE BREATHING Inhalation Phase - Once the rescuer seals the casualty's airway so that air cannot escape, he blows air into the casualty's airway (usually though the casualty's mouth). Exhalation Phase - When the rescuer removes his mouth from the casualty (breaks the seal over the casualty's airway), the higher air pressure in the casualty's respiratory system causes air to rush from the airway and into the atmosphere. EFFECTS OF CHEST COMPRESSIONS  ROLE OF THE RESCUER In order to properly treat a casualty requiring CPR, the rescuer must take the following actions: a. The rescuer must recognize the nature of the emergency. The rescuer must assess (evaluate) the needs of the casualty by checking for responsiveness, determining if the casualty is breathing, and determining if the casualty has a heartbeat. b. If the casualty is unresponsive, is not breathing, and has no heartbeat, the rescuer must open the casualty's airway, administer rescue breathing to restore respiration, and administer chest compressions to restore blood circulation. These actions must be begun as soon as possible in order to keep clinical death from resulting in biological death. c. In addition to administering CPR, the rescuer must try to obtain the assistance of one or more rescuers to help administer two-rescuer CPR and to assist with evacuation. d. The rescuer must evacuate the casualty to a medical treatment facility where advanced cardiac life support can be given.  RECOVERY RATES Experience with situations requiring basic life support (BLS) has demonstrated that a significant number of casualties suffering cardiac arrest can be successfully resuscitated if CPR is provided promptly and followed by more advanced cardiac life support. Prompt response is critical. a. If CPR is begun within the first minute after the cardiac arrest, the recovery rate is over 90 percent. b. If CPR is delayed for 4 minutes after cardiac arrest, the recovery rate is about 50 percent. c. If CPR is delayed for 10 minutes after cardiac arrest, the recovery rate is about 9 percent. d. If CPR is delayed for more than 10 minutes after cardiac arrest, the recovery rate is almost zero. The few exceptions are usually cold-water drowning or other circumstances involving low body temperature (hypothermia).  PERFORM CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION ON AN  ADULT ADMINISTER CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION TO AN ADULT USING THE ONE-RESCUER METHOD  ADMINISTER CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION TO AN ADULT USING THE TWO-RESCUER METHOD  cont. CHANGE FROM ONE-RESCUER CPR TO TWO-RESCUER CPR  CONTROL COMPLICATIONS WHILE PERFORMING CPR SUMMARY OF CPR PROCEDURES Rescue Breath and Choking  Rescue Breaths and Choking  REMOVE CASUALTY FROM ANY IMMEDIATE DANGER  CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS  CALL FOR HELP  CHECK FOR SPINAL INJURY  POSITION THE CASUALTY  OPEN THE AIRWAY  Con t.  CHECK FOR BREATHING  EVALUATE YOUR FINDINGS  ADMINISTER TWO BREATHS  EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TWO VENTILATIONS  CHECK CAROTID PULSE  CONTINUE RESCUE BREATHING  REMOVE AN UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION (CHOKING)  RECOGNIZE COMMON CAUSES OF UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION  RECOGNIZE A PERSON IN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS  CLASSIFY THE SEVERITY OF THE BLOCKAGE  ASSIST A CASUALTY WITH GOOD AIR EXCHANGE  Cont.  ASSIST A STANDING OR SITTING CONSCIOUS CASUALTY WITH POOR AIR EXCHANGE OR COMPLETE BLOCKAGE  REMOVE AN AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IN AN UNCONSCIOUS CASUALTY OR A CASUALTY WHO IS LYING ON HIS BACK  MONITOR CASUALTY a) Cross-finger method of opening mouth b) Tongue-jaw lift c) Inserting finger d) Sweeping motion e) Trapping obstruction f) Removing obstruction QUESTIONS  CHECK ON LEARNING  Discuss the following:  First Aid for Circulation  Airway and Breathing Emergencies  Cardiovascular resuscitation  Rescue Breaths and Choking  SUMMARY  Demonstrated and Performed the following:  First Aid for Circulation  Airway and Breathing Emergencies  Cardiovascular resuscitation  Rescue Breaths and Choking  YOUR ARMY "At your service, across the land".