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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of learning basic first aid?

  • To provide initial assistance to victims (correct)
  • To perform complex medical procedures
  • To replace professional medical care
  • To avoid calling emergency services

Which procedure should be followed during an earthquake?

  • Use your phone to call for help
  • Duck, cover, and hold-on (correct)
  • Run outside immediately
  • Stay still and observe

What does basic life support primarily include?

  • Complex diagnostic procedures
  • Pharmaceutical interventions
  • Initial treatment for circulation issues (correct)
  • Advanced surgical techniques

During a fire emergency, what is the first step you should take?

<p>Run to the nearest exit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often are students given breaks during lectures?

<p>Every 30 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to have knowledge of first aid in emergencies?

<p>To provide immediate help until professionals arrive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done regarding extension wires in the safety plan?

<p>They should be avoided to prevent tripping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of first aid covered in the course roadmap?

<p>Rescue breaths and choking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during a scene size-up?

<p>Check for patient consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the primary assessment?

<p>History (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the secondary assessment, if there is pain found upon gentle compression of the hip, what should you do?

<p>Do not rock or move the hip. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method to assess breathing?

<p>Check for breathing signs for no more than 10 seconds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation indicates an open airway when assessing a patient?

<p>Patient able to speak or cry. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed about the skin during a circulation evaluation?

<p>Color and moisture type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a stop in blood flow to the heart?

<p>Cardiac Arrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the secondary assessment, what should you look for in the abdomen?

<p>Evenness and 'board-like' feeling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to take when responding to a casualty in respiratory distress?

<p>Check for breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is effective for opening the mouth of a casualty to assist with airway management?

<p>Cross-finger method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken when a conscious casualty is having poor air exchange due to choking?

<p>Perform the Heimlich maneuver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an unconscious casualty is found lying on their back with a suspected airway obstruction?

<p>Remove airway obstruction using the finger sweep method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of actions after administering two rescue breaths?

<p>Check for a pulse, then continue rescue breaths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical time frame for a brain cell to begin suffering damage from lack of oxygen during a cardiac arrest?

<p>6 minutes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a rescuer take to restore breathing in a casualty?

<p>Engage in rescue breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a major risk factor for heart attacks?

<p>High blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During rescue breathing, what happens during the exhalation phase?

<p>Air escapes from the casualty's airway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of chest compressions during CPR?

<p>To circulate blood in the absence of a pulse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for sudden cessation of breathing?

<p>Regular exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the condition caused by severe blood loss, leading to shock?

<p>Hypovolemic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a rescuer first do while treating a casualty in an emergency situation?

<p>Evaluate the emergency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the rescuer check first when assessing the needs of a casualty?

<p>If the casualty is responsive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recovery rate for CPR when administered within the first minute of cardiac arrest?

<p>90 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the rescuer do if the casualty is unresponsive, not breathing, and has no heartbeat?

<p>Open the airway and administer CPR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions must be taken if CPR is delayed for over 10 minutes?

<p>Accept that recovery rate is almost zero (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action after initiating rescue breathing in an unresponsive casualty?

<p>Immediately perform chest compressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may lead to exceptions in recovery rates despite delays in CPR?

<p>Hypothermia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before positioning the casualty for CPR?

<p>Remove the casualty from immediate danger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential step in changing from one-rescuer CPR to two-rescuer CPR?

<p>Communicate clearly with the new rescuer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Basic Life Support

Initial assistance given to a victim of injury or illness, performed by a layperson until professional medical help arrives.

First Aid for Circulation

Initial steps to help with blood flow, like controlling bleeding.

Airway and Breathing Emergencies

Actions to maintain a victim's breathing and airway, like clearing obstructions

Cardiovascular Resuscitation

Techniques like CPR to restart a heart that has stopped.

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Rescue Breaths

Giving breaths to a victim to help maintain respiration.

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Choking

A blockage in the airway preventing breathing.

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Safety Plan - Fire

Escape to the nearest exit and an open area during a fire.

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Safety Plan - Earthquake

Duck, cover, and hold on procedure during earthquake.

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Cardiac Arrest

A sudden cessation of the heart's pumping action, resulting in no blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the body.

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Oxygen Supply

The delivery of oxygen to the body's cells through blood circulation.

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Brain Cells

The most sensitive cells to oxygen deprivation, leading to permanent damage if oxygen supply is stopped for more than 6 minutes.

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Chest Compressions

Artificial heartbeats produced by compressing the chest to manually circulate blood.

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Inhalation Phase

The stage in rescue breathing where air is forced into the casualty's airway.

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Exhalation Phase

The stage in rescue breathing where the rescuer removes their mouth, allowing air to escape from the casualty's airway.

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Rescuer's Role

The rescuer must recognize the emergency, assess the casualty, and initiate appropriate life-saving actions like CPR.

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Scene Size-up

The initial assessment of the situation, including the safety of the environment, the number of victims, and the nature of the emergency.

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Primary Assessment

A quick check of the victim's ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) to determine their immediate needs.

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Circulation Check

Assessing the victim's blood flow by observing skin color, temperature, and feeling for a pulse.

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Airway Assessment

Checking if the victim's airway is open, noting any sounds they make, and removing any obstructions.

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Breathing Assessment

Confirming the victim is breathing by looking for chest movement, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air on your cheek.

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History Taking

Gathering information from the victim about their symptoms, past medical history, allergies, and any medications they take.

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Secondary Assessment

A thorough examination of the victim's body to identify specific injuries or problem areas, moving from head to toe.

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Clinical Death

A state where the heart stops beating and breathing ceases, but the body's cells are still alive and can be revived with prompt CPR.

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Biological Death

Permanent death of the brain cells due to lack of oxygen, occurring after several minutes if CPR is not performed.

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Two-Rescuer CPR

CPR performed by two individuals, one providing compressions and the other performing rescue breaths.

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CPR Recovery Rate (Minute 1)

Over 90% of a victim can be successfully resuscitated if CPR is started within the first minute after cardiac arrest.

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CPR Recovery Rate (4 Minutes)

Around 50% chance of successful resuscitation if CPR is initiated 4 minutes after cardiac arrest.

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CPR Recovery Rate (10 Minutes)

The chances of successful resuscitation drop to approximately 9% if CPR is initiated 10 minutes after cardiac arrest.

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CPR Recovery Rate (Over 10 Minutes)

Recovery chances are almost nonexistent if CPR is delayed for over 10 minutes after cardiac arrest.

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Hypothermia & CPR

Cold-water drowning and other conditions with low body temperature (hypothermia) can sometimes provide a small window for successful resuscitation even with prolonged delays in CPR.

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Recognizing Respiratory Distress

Identifying a person struggling to breathe, showing signs like gasping, wheezing, or rapid breathing.

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Classifying Airway Blockage

Determining the severity of the blockage based on the level of difficulty breathing, from partial to complete obstruction.

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Assisting Good Air Exchange

Helping a conscious person with a partial airway obstruction to clear the blockage and breathe properly.

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Removing Airway Obstruction in an Unconscious Casualty

Clearing the airway of a person who is unconscious or lying on their back to ensure they can breathe.

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Monitoring the Casualty

Observing the unconscious casualty for signs of improvement or deterioration after airway clearance.

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Study Notes

Basic Life Support Training

  • Goal: By 2028, a world-class Army that is a source of national pride.
  • Values: Honor, Patriotism, Duty.

Instructor's Profile

  • Information presented: Rank, Name, Service Number, Military Occupational Specialty (MOS), Badge, Previous Assignments, and Significant Schoolings.

First Aid and CPR

  • Quote: "Take some time to learn first aid and CPR. It saves lives, and it works" - Bobby Sherman.
  • Importance: First aid is crucial for emergency situations in the workplace; standing by can worsen the situation. Initial assistance given to an injured or ill person.
  • Techniques: Simple techniques performed with minimal equipment.
  • Application: Basic life support until professional medical assistance arrives.

Classroom Rules

  • Silent exits: Persons attending to personal necessities can exit silently.
  • Stretching: Sleepy individuals can stretch at the back of the room.
  • Breaks: 5-minute breaks every 30 minutes of lecture/discussion.
  • Questions: Questions are answered after the lecture.

Safety Plan - Fire

  • Action: In case of fire, evacuate immediately to the nearest exit and proceed to open ground for counting.

Safety Plan - Earthquake

  • Action: Do the duck, cover, and hold-on procedure.

Safety Plan - Tripping Wire

  • Caution: Be careful of extension wires.

Reference Materials

  • Source: DOH (Department of Health) Home Study Course Manual on Human Anatomy Course.com (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

Learning Outcomes

  • Skills to be mastered: First Aid for Circulation, Airway and Breathing Emergencies, Cardiovascular Resuscitation, and Rescue Breaths and Choking.

Roadmap

  • Topics to be covered: First Aid for Circulation, Airway and Breathing Emergencies, Cardiovascular Resuscitation, and Rescue Breaths and Choking.

Importance of Basic Life Support

  • Rapid medical intervention: Provides quick medical treatment until professional assistance arrives.
  • Personal benefit: Improves knowledge in Basic Life Support.
  • Situational preparedness: Gives people the ability to provide support during various emergencies.

First Aid for Circulation

  • Topic: Assessing circulation

Airways and Breathing Emergencies

  • Topic: Assessing airways and breathing

Cardiovascular Resuscitation

  • Topic: Performing CPR

Rescue Breaths and Choking

  • Topic: Performing rescue breaths in choking situations

First Steps in First Aid

  • Scene size-up: Survey the scene (patient location, area safety), move patient to safest area, Check for consciousness, introduce yourself to patient and bystanders, and call for help.
  • Primary assessment: Checking Circulation, Airway, Breathing
  • History: Collect medical history, chief complaint, pain assessment, allergies, and next of kin information.
  • Secondary assessment: Monitor victim's condition and evaluate specific injured areas (Head, Neck, Shoulders, Chest and back, Arms, Abdomen, Hips, Legs, feet.)

Different methods of accessing/checking an individual's airway

  • Head-tilt/chin-lift
  • Jaw thrust
  • Chest compressions (location/placement of hands)

Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

  • Administration of CPR in different situations and methods.
  • Recognize causes of cardiac arrest, including drowning, electrical shock, poisoning, suffocation, smoke inhalation, choking, trauma, related diseases (e.g., sudden infant death syndrome), and hypovolemic shock.

Summary of CPR

  • Recognize the nature of the emergency (is the casualty breathing, experiencing a heartbeat).
  • If unresponsive or not breathing, begin rescue breaths and chest compressions.
  • Obtain additional help from one or more rescuers, and transport casualty to a facility providing advanced medical treatment.

Recovery Rates

  • Prompt CPR: High recovery rate (~90% within the first minute).
  • Delayed CPR: Lower recovery rate (decreases based on time delayed)

CPR Procedures

  • One-rescuer method: Guidelines for individual CPR application.
  • Two-rescuer method: Guidelines for CPR in a team setting.

Rescue Breaths and Choking

  • Immediate actions: Remove casualty from danger, check for responsiveness, call for help, check spinal injury, position casualty, and open airway.

Actions for a choking person

  • Standing victim: Abdominal thrust technique or chest thrust
  • Lying down victim: Modified abdominal thrust or chest thrust

Different methods of opening an airway

  • Cross-finger method
  • Tongue-jaw lift/Head-tilt/chin-lift/Jaw thrust methods

Check for breathing

  • Evaluate your findings
  • Administer two breaths
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of the two ventilations
  • Check carotid pulse
  • Follow with ongoing rescue breathing

Additional Procedures

  • Positioning for CPR
  • Types of breathing (mouth-to-mouth/nose/stoma).

Questions

  • Open forum for questions

Check on Learning

  • Discuss the following: First Aid for Circulation, Airway and Breathing Emergencies, Cardiovascular resuscitation, and Rescue Breaths and Choking.

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