Basic cep.pdf

BASIC CEPHALOMETRY DR SNIGDHA PATTANAIK 1 • Cephalometric radiography is a diagnostic imaging technique that involves taking Xray images of the head and jaws. Introduction • A cephalogram is the actual X-ray image or radiograph that is obtained through cephalometric radiography. Q whats Ceph...

BASIC CEPHALOMETRY DR SNIGDHA PATTANAIK 1 • Cephalometric radiography is a diagnostic imaging technique that involves taking Xray images of the head and jaws. Introduction • A cephalogram is the actual X-ray image or radiograph that is obtained through cephalometric radiography. Q whats Cephalometric radiography is a standardized method of production of Animagingtechnique skull radiographs, which are useful in making measurements of the cranium and the orofacial complex.the acty.gl grayimage The radiograph thus obtained is called a cephalogram. 2 USES OF CEPHALOGRAMS: QWhatare theuses of a cephalogram 1. Study of craniofacial growth Serial cephalogram studies have helped in providing information regarding hey ◦ The various growth patterns. ◦ Prediction of future growth. ◦ Predicting the outcome of a particular treatment plan. 2. Diagnosis of craniofacial deformity Cephalograms help in identifying, locating and quantifying the nature of the problem, the most important result being a differentiation between skeletal and dental malrelationships. studycraniofgg.dk 3 itshowsgroupation DevelopA Treatment planning: By helping in diagnosis and prediction of craniofacial morphology and future growth, cephalometrics help in developing a clear treatment plan. A serial cephalogram refers to a series of cephalometric radiographs taken at different points in time to observe and analyze changes in the craniofacial structures over a period of growth or during a course of treatment. Seeprogress Evaluation of treated cases Serial cephalograms permit the By orthodontist to evaluate and assess the progress of treatment and also helps in guiding any desired change. Determine cause of Study of relapse in orthodontics Cephalometrics also helps in identifying causes of orthodontic relapse and stability of treated malocclusions. 4 Normal Radiographic Anatomy and G 5 Glabella (G) The height of curvature of bone overlying the frontal sinus 6 Nasion (N) The most anterior point of the fronto nasal suture in the median plane 7 Point A (Subspinale) The point at the deepest midline concavity on the anterior border of positioned just below the anterior nasal spine and is often used as a reference point in cephalometric analysis. maxilla 8 Anterior nasal spine (ANS)  It is the anterior most point of the maxillary bone. 9 sustinale 10 Posterior nasal spine (PNS)  It is the posterior most point of the maxillary bone. 11 Point B The point at the deepest midline concavity on the anterior border of mandible. 12 Pogonion (Pog) The most anterior mandible point of the bony chin in the median plane. 13 Menton (Me) The Menton (Me) is defined as the lowermost point on the mandibular symphysis on the mid-sagittal plane 14 Gnathion (Gn) This is the midpoint most between pogonion and menton. giftsit iii 15 Sella (S) Midpoint of the pitutory fossa (Sella turcica). 16 EYE Anatomical Porion (Po)  The superior point of the external auditory meatus  Sometimes, because porion is pointis quite unreliable, the “top” of theshadow of the ear rods is used, which is known as “machine porion”. L I i 17 18 Pterygomaxillary fissure (Ptm) A bilateral teardrop shaped area of radiolucency, the anterior shadow of which represents the posterior surfaces of the tuberosities of the maxilla 19 Orbitale (Or) The lowest point in the I inferior margin of the orbit, midpoint between right and left images 20 21 22 Gonion (Go) I The constructed point of intersection of the ramus plane and the Raphe mandibular plane 23 Condylion (cd) nd The most superior point on the head of the condylar head. 24 I glabella nassion 3 pronasal 4 subnasale 5 labrale sep SOFT TISSUE LANDMARKS 6 labrale intern 7 pogonion s Menton 25 Q In that whatdoes Glabella (G′)mean The most prominent point in the midsagittal plane of forehead 26 Q Inthe contextofb Nasion Soft Tissue (N′) The point of deepest concavity of the soft tissue contour of the root of the nose. Point Representing a the on concavity root of the nose 27 Pronasale (Prn) The most prominent point on the tip of the nose 28 Subnasale(Sn) The point where the lower border of the nose meets the outer contour of the upper lip 29 labrale superius (ls) lips upper midpoint ofupper lip The median point in the upper margin of the upper membranous lip 30 labrale inferius (li) midpoint of 1 p The median point in the lower margin of the lower membranous lip 31 ② 2411274Itis Pogonion soft tissue (Pg′) The most prominent point on the soft tissue contour of the chin 32 Menton soft tissue (Me′) Lowest point on soft tissue over mandible 1s line mean 33 EE 34 S-N line 84ᵗʰ Line joining center of sella and nasion nasion 35 Frankfort Horizontal (FH plane) It is the line drawn on the Lateral Cephalogram from the superior margin of the orbital acoustic meatus to orbitale. Anatomical e.mn Iii 36 Palatal plane(PP) From the anterior nasal spine to the posterior nasal spine E 37 Occlusal plane(OP) This plane is formed by bisecting the anterior incisors and the distal cusps of the most posterior in occlusion. 38 MANDIBULAR PLANE (MP) This plane is formed by connecting the point gonion to gnathion at the inferior border of the mandible. 39 A-pog line P.int fII do This is the line joining the Point A and Pogonion. in point Pognion 40 Steiner’s S-Line Line joining soft tissue pogonion and mid point of sshaped curve between subnasale and tip of the nose 41