Oral Communication PDF

ORAL COMMUNICATION 8. Context- the environment where communication takes place. What is a Communication? 9. Barrier- the factors that affect the - Communication is a process that...

ORAL COMMUNICATION 8. Context- the environment where communication takes place. What is a Communication? 9. Barrier- the factors that affect the - Communication is a process that flow of communication. involves sending and receiving Function of Communication messages through the verbal and non-verbal methods. 1. Control- communication - Communication is a two-way functions to control behavior. means of communicating 2. Social Interaction- information in the form of communication allows individuals thoughts, opinions, and ideas to interact with others between two or more individuals 3. Motivation- communication with the purpose of building an motivates or encouraged people understanding. to live better. 4. Emotional Expression- Nature of Communication communication facilities people’s 1. Communication is a process expression of their feelings and 2. Communication occurs between emotions. 1 or 2 or more people 5. Information Dissemination- 3. Communication can be verbal communication to convey and non-verbal information. 4. Communication is Unrepeatable 5. Communication is Irreversible Barries in Communication 6. Communication is Inevitable 7. More of an art than science What is Communication Breakdown? Process of Communication - As defined by Emily Rodgers in her online article, “ is a failure to 1. Speaker generates an idea exchange information resulting in 2. Encodes (verbal/non-verbal) a lack of communication.” 3. Transmits (verbal/non-verbal) - Breakdowns occur in the 4. Receiver gets/receive the communication process from time message to time. A breakdown in 5. Decodes communication occurs when the 6. Gives Feedback message or the feedback is not Element of Communication sent or received properly—at least in the way that the sender 1. Speaker- the source of intends—or is not received by the information or message. concerned party altogether. 2. Message- the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker. Many of the causes of 3. Encoding- the process of communication breakdown can converting the message into be classified as NOISE words, actions, or other forms NOISE is the technical term used that the speaker understands. to refer to all the possible barriers 4. Channel- the medium or the to effective communication. means, such as verbal or non- verbal communication. 5. Decoding- the process of Types of NOISE interpreting the encoded message. 1. Physical Noise- It comes from 6. Receiver- the recipient of the the environment. It also refers to message, or someone who geographical location between decodes the message. the communication. 7. Feedback- the reactions, 2. Psychological Noise- It responses, or information originates from the emotional provided by the recipient. state, mental state, and  psychological make-up of a Based on the experience of using the person. telephone back in the 1940s wherein the 3. Physiological Noise- These are message was hindered by noise. “bodily conditions” that Has six important features: compromise the ability of a o Sender – originator of message or the information source person to send or receive a o Encoder – transmitter which message. converts the message into signals 4. Semantic Noise- It refers to (converted into signals like waves or anything related to the meaning binary data compatible to transmit of words that distorts or masks a through cables or satellites Ex message and confuses the Telephone) listeners. o Decoder – reception place of the signal which converts signals int message – reverse process of encode Lesson 2: The Various Models of (receiver converts those binary Communication data/waves into message which is comfortable and understandable for 1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication receiver) Aristotle – a teacher of Rhetoric and a o Receiver – destination of the founder of an academy that produced message from sender good speakers o Noise – distraction (noise like horn First and earliest model of sounds, thunder, and crowd noise) communication 4. Schramm Model of Communication Focused on public speaking Wilbur Schramm – father of mass communication, came up with 5 models To influence or persuade his audience, he must of communication first prepare his speech and analyze the audience Both sender and receiver should have the before he speaks to them. same field of experience ( - everything that makes an individual unique, learned, watched, seen, heard, read, and studied. Elements: Source, Encoder, Message, Channel, Decoder, Receiver 2. Transactional Model Gives emphasis on encoding and There is an exchange of messages decoding of message between the sender and the receiver Shows how a message is transferred from where both take turns in sending and sender to the receiver receiving messages. Communication can take place if and Known as circular model of only if there is an overlap between the communication field of experience. Used for interpersonal communication. Ex. Everyday talks and interactions Participants who have common social and cultural system and relational situations can communicate with one another more effectively. A continues exchange of messages, but barriers may take place and affect communication. 5. Eugene White Model of Communication Communication is circular and continuous, without a beginning or end. Cyclical model Eight stages: thinking, symbolizing, expressing, transmitting, receiving, decoding, feed-backing, monitoring Com begins with thinking 3. Shannon – Weaver’s Model of 6. Barlo’s Model of Communication Communication Takes into account the emotional aspect Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver of the message. introduced the concept of noise. Also known as the Telephone Model Follows the SMCR Model S – source 2. ) Interpersonal Communication - this communication involves two or more people. M – message The conversation can be formal or informal, C – channel intimate or casual depending on the relationship people involved have. R – Receiver two types of interpersonal communication: Source – message originates, should have communication skills (ability to read, write, ⚫ Dyad communication- two people are speak, and listen), must be knowledgeable, social involved in this communication. system must be considered (culture), referred to ⚫ Small group- three but not more than as the encoder twelve people are part of the Content – body of the message, accompanied by conversation. This type of elements (gestures, facial expression or body communication is present during language) brainstorming or collaborating with other people. Treatment – way one treats his message 3. ) Public Communication - in this type of The message must be properly structured to be communication, you can deliver a message to conveyed clearly. bigger number people in a venue. When Code – the means through which the message is someone is giving a message to the public, he/ sent and in what form. (language, gestures, she usually inform or persuade people. expressions, music) 4. Mass communication- this communication Channel – five sense (hearing, seeing, touching, has television, social media, newspaper, smelling, and tasting), help human being magazines, and the like as channels. This type communicate with one another. of communication reaches millions of people. Decoding – the receiver tries to understand the 5. Organizational Communication - this message. refers to communication that takes place within an organization or business. 6. Intercultural Communication - For some scholars, it pertains to communication among people from different nationalities. Still others look at it as communication that is influenced by different ethnicities, religions and sexual orientations. 7. Helical Model of Communication Developed by Frank Dance Presents the concept of tie where continuousness of communication is very important. A dynamic process Communication progresses as a individual gets older and his experience and vocabulary increases. Types of Speech Context: 1.) Intrapersonal communication - this communication happens within oneself. This means that the speaker acts as the source and the receiver of the message. When you do self- reflection, you analyze your thoughts and feelings. By knowing what you feel, you can assess yourself on how to react on it.