Artificial intelligence in Reproductive Health PDF

**Tanta University** **Faculty of Nursing** **Maternal &Neonatal Health Nursing Department** **Master Degree** **Specialty Term (3^rd^ term)** **2024/2025** ...

**Tanta University** **Faculty of Nursing** **Maternal &Neonatal Health Nursing Department** **Master Degree** **Specialty Term (3^rd^ term)** **2024/2025**  **[Under Supervision of:-]** **Assist Prof.Dr/Rabaa El-Sayed Sahban** **[prepared by :-]** **Samah Rezk Hassan** **Demonstrator at Maternal and Neonatal Health Nursing department** **Hedaya Hany** **Head Nurse at Soaad Kafaky Hospital** **Outlines** - **Introduction** - **Definition of:** - - - - **Stages of Artificial Intelligence.** - **Benefits from application of AI in women health care.** - - - - **Principles of AI** - **Application of artificial intelligence in Maternity Cycle:** - **Preconception.** - **Antenatal.** - **Intrapartum** - **Postpartum.** - **Gynecology.** - **Menopause** - **Role of the nurse for maternity care in the age of artificial intelligence.** - **Obstacles of application of AI in women health care** - **Reference** **Introduction** Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science dedicated to creating systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. This encompasses a variety of functions, including reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and learning. The goal of AI is to develop machines that can mimic cognitive functions such as understanding, learning from experience, and adapting to new information. The application of AI in reproductive health is a relatively recent development, emerging as advancements in technology, data analytics, and machine learning have progressed.AI can analyze a mother\'s medical history and genetic information to identify potential risks during pregnancy, allowing for proactive interventions. Wearable devices and mobile apps enable continuous monitoring of maternal health indicators, providing data for AI systems to predict complications. Doctor holding virtual screen with uterus reproductive system feminine health concept \| Premium AI-generated image **[Artificial intelligence (AI):]** It is the development of computer systems that are capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as decision making, object detection, solving complex problems by offering innovating solution. **OR** it is a type of digital computer system that parallels the way the human brain processes information. **[Reproductive health:]** is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Reproductive health implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life and that they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. **[Women\'s health]** : It is preservation of wellness and prevention of illness in women that include screening, diagnosis and management of conditions which are unique to women. **[Stages of artificial intelligence: ]**  **[Benefits from application of AI in women health care:]** **For woman:** - - - - - - - - **For fetus:** - Promote health and well-being of fetus. - Reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality. - Detect high risk infants. **For health care provider:** - Save time and effort. - Improve health care quality and safety. - Increase the efficiency of health care and public health service delivery. - Improve the public health information infrastructure. - Support care in the community and at home. - Facilitate clinical and consumer decision-making. - Update health skills and knowledge. **[Principles of AI]** - Protecting Human Autonomy - Promoting Human wellbeing and safety and the public interest - Ensuring transparency, explainability and intelligibility. - Fostering responsibility and accountability. - Ensuring inclusiveness and equity. - Promoting responsiveness and sustainability. **[Application of Artificial Intelligence in Maternity Cycle:]** Artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied in various stages of the maternity cycle, enhancing maternal and fetal care. Its application helps improve outcomes, reduce risks, and provide personalized care for mothers and fetus. **[A)Application of Artificial Intelligence inPreconception:]** AI devices and tools used during the preconception period can help women and couples optimize their health and improve the chances of successful conception. These tools are often designed to monitor fertility, track reproductive health, and provide personalized recommendations for lifestyle changes that can boost fertility. **Examples of AI-driven devices and platforms commonly used in the preconception phase:** **1. Ava Fertility Tracker:** - The Ava bracelet uses AI to predict a woman's most fertile days by tracking multiple physiological parameters, such as resting pulse rate, skin temperature, breathing rate, and heart rate variability. - The device is worn at night, and the data is synced with a mobile app in the morning. Over time, AI algorithms analyze the data to provide personalized insights about the wearer's fertility window. - Ava provides an accurate prediction of ovulation and the best time for conception, helping couples maximize their chances of getting pregnant. Ava Fertility Tracker: Does it work? **2. OvuSense:** - OvuSense is an AI-powered fertility monitor that measures continuous core body temperature using a vaginal sensor worn overnight. - The sensor collects temperature data every five minutes, which is then uploaded to the OvuSense app. - The AI-based algorithm analyzes the temperature patterns and predicts ovulation with high accuracy. - OvuSense can provide early and accurate ovulation detection, even for women with irregular cycles or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), making it a helpful tool for conception planning.  **3.Mira Fertility Tracker:** - Mira uses an AI-powered fertility analyzer to measure hormone levels (like luteinizing hormone) in urine. - The device offers real-time, lab-quality hormone readings, which are used to predict the user's most fertile days. - The data is synced with the Mira app, where AI algorithms analyze trends to provide personalized fertility insights and predictions. - Mira provides a more detailed and personalized understanding of ovulation cycles, helping women with irregular cycles or fertility challenges improve their chances of conception. Mira Fertility Plus Tracking Monitor Kit and 30 Mira Fertility Plus E3G + LH Test Wands Bundle for Home Testing **4. Modern Fertility:** - Modern Fertility provides at-home fertility hormone testing, which is analyzed using AI algorithms to assess hormone levels and fertility potential. - After testing, users receive a detailed report that includes insights into ovarian reserve, potential fertility issues, and recommendations for improving fertility health. - Modern Fertility helps women better understand their fertility status by identifying any hormonal imbalances or other reproductive health factors that may affect conception, allowing them to plan accordingly.  **5. Flo Health:** - Flo is an AI-driven app that tracks menstrual cycles, ovulation, and fertility patterns. By inputting cycle data, lifestyle habits, and other health information, the app uses AI algorithms to predict ovulation and fertility windows. - Flo also offers health insights, tips, and guidance on improving reproductive health and preparing the body for conception. **6.Clue App:** Clue is another AI-powered fertility tracking app that uses machine learning to predict ovulation and fertility windows based on menstrual cycle data, body symptoms, and user inputs. The more data the user provides over time, the more accurate the AI predictions become. Clue also offers health insights and information on reproductive health.  **[B)Application of Artificial Intelligence in Antenatal:]** **1.Automated Ultrasound Analysis (e.g., GE Healthcare\'s Voluson series):** - The GE Healthcare Voluson series is a line of advanced ultrasound systems specifically designed for women's health, including prenatal and gynecological imaging. These systems are renowned for their high-quality imaging, real-time capabilities, and AI-driven tools, which enhance the accuracy and efficiency of prenatal diagnostics. - This helps clinicians visualize fetal structures, movements, and anomalies with exceptional clarity. - **SonoLyst:** An AI-powered feature that automatically identifies fetal anatomy during an ultrasound scan. It helps guide clinicians in acquiring the best images and measurements, reducing operator dependency and improving the consistency of exams. - **SonoBiometry:** AI automates biometric measurements (e.g., head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length), reducing the time needed for routine measurements and minimizing user variability. - **SonoVCADheart**: This feature allows for automated visualization and assessment of the fetal heart. The AI-driven system identifies key heart views and ensures optimal image acquisition for cardiac analysis, which is critical for detecting congenital heart defects. - **Advanced Doppler Capabilities:** Doppler imaging in the Voluson systems helps in analyzing blood flow in the fetal heart, umbilical cord, and placenta, assisting in identifying conditions like fetal growth restriction or preeclampsia risk. Voluson E10 Women\'s Health Ultrasound \| GE HealthCare (United States) **2.Bloomlife:** - is a wearable device specifically designed to monitor uterine contractions. - It\'s a sensor that sticks to the mother's abdomen and tracks contractions, offering real-time feedback. - The data is synced with a smartphone app, which provides a detailed analysis of contraction patterns, - The AI in Bloomlife analyzes contraction patterns to distinguish between Braxton Hicks (false labor) contractions and true labor contractions. This helps mothers determine when they are likely going into labor, reducing unnecessary hospital visits or anxiety.  **3.BellyBand:** - is another wearable designed to monitor both maternal and fetal health. It typically consists of a comfortable band that wraps around the abdomen, tracking various metrics like fetal movements, maternal heart rate, fetal heart rate, and even contractions. - The AI embedded in BellyBand analyzes the fetal heart rate and movement patterns to assess fetal health. - It can detect potential distress signals such as decreased fetal movement, which might indicate complications. It also monitors maternal vitals to predict risks such as preeclampsia or gestational diabetes. 3-in-1 Belly Band & Sacroiliac Pelvic Belt Twin Pack -- Belly Bands **4.Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT):** - with AI is a breakthrough in prenatal care that offers expectant mothers a safer and more accurate way to screen for chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus, such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and Patau syndrome (trisomy 13). - NIPT involves analyzing small fragments of fetal DNA circulating in the mother's blood, known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA). - Unlike traditional prenatal diagnostic methods like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS), which carry risks of miscarriage, NIPT only requires a simple blood draw from the mother. The cfDNA in the maternal blood sample is analyzed to detect abnormalities in fetal chromosomes. - The integration of AI in NIPT enhances the accuracy, speed, and predictive capability of the test and is used to interpret the large amounts of genetic data generated by the test  Noninvasive Prenatal Testing Nipt Screening Genetic: เวกเตอร์สต็อก (ปลอดค่าลิขสิทธิ์) 1529573861 \| Shutterstock**5.The Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) calculator:**  **6.The Sense4Baby system:** - Is a wireless, portable fetal monitoring system designed to track fetal and maternal health during pregnancy, particularly in high-risk pregnancies. - The Sense4Baby system uses non-invasive sensors to continuously monitor the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine activity (contractions). These sensors are attached to the mother\'s abdomen, similar to traditional fetal monitors used in hospitals, but the key difference is that Sense4Baby is fully portable and wireless. - This system is especially beneficial for patients who need to be monitored frequently but cannot easily access a hospital or clinic, such as those in rural areas or high-risk situations requiring frequent assessments. **[C)Application of Artificial Intelligence in Intranatal:]** **1.OBIX Perinatal Data System:** - Is an advanced fetal monitoring and maternal data management system designed to support clinicians in providing comprehensive care during labor. - OBIX integrates with hospital EHR systems, allowing for seamless documentation of labor and delivery events. Clinicians can access and input information directly into the patient's EHR, ensuring that the labor data is automatically updated and available for review at any time. - OBIX provides continuous monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) and maternal vital signs and uterine contractions. - OBIX collects data from fetal heart rate monitors, maternal vital signs monitors and uterine contraction sensors. These monitors are attached to the mother during labor and continuously track fetus heart rate, mothers vital signs and the strength and frequency of contractions. - OBIX takes the data from both fetal and maternal monitors and sends it to a central processing unit, where the information is compiled and processed in real time. - This data is displayed on a central monitor, where healthcare professionals can view the heart rate patterns, contraction patterns, and maternal vital signs. The centralized interface allows the medical team to monitor multiple patients at once. **2.ScanNav Assist:** - Is an AI-driven ultrasound guidance system developed by Intelligent Ultrasound. It assists healthcare professionals in performing accurate ultrasound scans by providing real-time AI feedback during the procedure. The system is particularly useful in obstetrics, where precise fetal position and anatomy assessment are crucial, especially during the intrapartum period. - The ScanNav Assist system is powered by machine learning algorithms that have been trained on thousands of annotated ultrasound images. These images help the AI learn to recognize specific anatomical structures and standard ultrasound views required for clinical assessments. - When an ultrasound scan is performed, ScanNav Assist processes the live images in real time. As the operator moves the ultrasound probe, the system analyzes the images on-the-fly, comparing them to its learned data set to recognize key anatomical landmarks. - The system can also help assess maternal structures, such as the cervix or uterus, during labor, providing insights into labor progression.  ScanNav Assist - Intelligent Ultrasound **3.STAN S31 Fetal Heart Monitor:** - The STAN S31 is another AI-powered device used to monitor fetal and maternal well-being during the intrapartum period. - It combines traditional fetal heart rate monitoring with advanced AI algorithms to provide enhanced diagnostic capabilities. - Unlike standard external monitors, the STAN S31 system uses a fetal scalp electrode to directly measure the fetal ECG, which provides a more detailed view of fetal heart activity compared to Doppler-based monitoring. - The system continuously records the electrical activity of the fetal heart, allowing for detailed analysis of heart rate variability, accelerations, and decelerations. - If the STAN S31 detects abnormal ST segment patterns or concerning fetal heart rate patterns, it triggers real-time alerts for the clinical team.  Neoventa STAN S31 Fetal Monitor -- Critical Clinics **4. Philips Avalon CL Fetal Monitoring System with AI-driven analytics:** - This system is designed to provide continuous, non-invasive monitoring of fetal and maternal vital signs during labor and delivery, with the added benefit of wireless connectivity and AI-enhanced data interpretation. - The system uses wireless sensors, allowing more freedom of movement for the mother during labor. - AI helps filter out noise and artifacts in the data, improving the accuracy of monitoring in real-time.  Philips Launches Obstetrics Monitoring Solution - News \| Philips **5.Smart Epidural Pumps:** - Are advanced medical devices designed to administer epidural anesthesia with increased precision and control during labor and other medical procedures. - An anesthesiologist inserts a catheter into the epidural space in the mother's lower back. This catheter is connected to the smart pump, which continuously delivers a measured dose of anesthetic (often a combination of local anesthetics and opioids) to manage labor pain. - Many smart epidural pumps allow for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), where the patient can administer additional doses by pressing a button when she feels the need for more pain relief. The pump ensures the patient cannot overdose by limiting how frequently doses can be delivered within a set time frame (lockout intervals). **Examples of Smart Epidural Pumps:** - B. Braun Space® Infusion Pump System, CADD®-Solis and BD BodyGuard™ 595 Epidural PCA Pump. **[D)Application of Artificial Intelligence in Postnatal:]** **1.Fitbit:** - Is a popular line of wearable fitness trackers and smartwatches that can be especially beneficial for new mothers during the postpartum period. - While its primary function is to monitor physical activity, heart rate, and sleep, Fitbit devices can offer insights into postpartum recovery by helping new mothers track their overall health and wellness. - Fitbit devices track steps, distance, and calories burned. For postpartum mothers, this can help with gradually increasing physical activity as they recover from childbirth.  Fitbit Ionic **3.Smart breast pumps:** - Are technologically advanced devices designed to make the process of pumping breast milk more efficient, comfortable, and discreet for new mothers. - Smart breast pumps connect to a mobile app, allowing mothers to track their pumping sessions, monitor milk production, and receive reminders for when to pump. P**opular Smart Breast Pumps:** **1. Willow:** - Willow is a completely cordless, wearable breast pump that fits inside the bra. - It allows mothers to pump in any position (even lying down) and has an app to track milk output in real-time. - The pump is designed to be quiet and discreet, making it a favorite for working mothers or those who need flexibility.  **2. Elvie:** - Elvie is another wearable, hands-free breast pump that fits inside a nursing bra. - It connects to an app that tracks pumping history and milk volume. - Elvie is known for its ultra-quiet operation and compact design, allowing mothers to pump in public or while performing other tasks. Elvie - Tire-lait électrique Stride - Double pompe \| La Cabane des Lutins **4.Text and voice analysis tools that use AI**: - Are emerging technologies designed to detect emotional changes, stress, or mental health issues by analyzing a person's speech or written text patterns. - These tools are particularly promising in postpartum care, as they can provide early detection of postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety by identifying subtle changes in communication that might indicate emotional distress. - **Examples of Tools Using Text and Voice Analysis:** **2. Ellie by USC Institute for Creative Technologies:** **3. Cogito:** **5.Nanit:** - Is a smart baby monitor that uses AI and advanced technology to help parents, including new mothers in the postpartum period, monitor their baby's health and sleep patterns. - Nanit is designed to track a baby's sleep, breathing, and movements using an overhead camera and advanced AI algorithms. It provides real-time data and insights to parents through a connected app, helping them monitor their baby's well-being, especially during sleep. - The Nanit camera is placed above the crib, giving a bird's-eye view of the baby. It streams HD video to the parent's smartphone, allowing 24/7 monitoring. **6.Telemedicine with AI:** **[E)Application of Artificial Intelligence in gynecology]** ***1.Endometrial ablation for Treatment of Menorrhagia:*** Through the Novasure System is the latest generation of devices that treat the entire inside of the uterus (endometrial cavity) at once. The procedure does not require any incisions, and does not require hospitalization. A slender device is inserted through the cervix under local anaesthesia with sedation, or general anaesthesia. Once it is in place, treatment time averages 90 seconds. Most women can resume most of their normal activities in a day or two. A major advantage of Novasure is that hormonal pre - treatment is not needed, and it can be done at any time of the cycle.   **2.Robot assisted surgery:** - It is a **surgical robot** is a computer-controlled device that can be programmed to aid the positioning and manipulation of surgical instruments. - Surgical robot is a major advance in the ability to precisely operate through small incisions.  The surgeon sits at a console and looks through a 3-dimensional video camera.The hand movements in the surgeon are duplicated in the patient by the robot.  - **Example:** **Robotic myomectomy**: It is an upcoming trend in the surgical management of fibroids of the uterus. Robotic myomectomy, a type of laparoscopic myomectomy, is a minimally invasive way for surgeons to remove uterine fibroids. D:\\الكلية 2016- 2017\\2016 - 2017\\الندوة 2017\\ندوات القسم\\ندوة2024\\تمريض\\aeecd057-e5f2-488d-9ccf-91a6bf7f1103.jpg **3.Hologic\'s Intelligent 3D Imaging Systems (e.g., Brevera, Genius 3D Mammography):** - Hologic's Intelligent 3D Imaging Systems, including devices like Brevera and Genius 3D Mammography, are advanced technologies designed to enhance breast imaging and diagnosis, particularly in the early detection of breast cancer. - These systems use artificial intelligence (AI) to improve image quality, streamline workflows, and provide more accurate diagnoses in gynecological health, specifically in breast cancer screening. **1.Genius 3D Mammography:** The Genius 3D Mammography™ system (also known as tomosynthesis) provides a 3D image of the breast, which helps in detecting abnormalities like breast cancer at earlier stages, especially in women with dense breast tissue.  MyGenius \| What Are The Best Mammograms? **2.Brevera Breast Biopsy System:** The Brevera system is designed for breast biopsy, combining tissue acquisition and real-time imaging with automated specimen handling. This system is used for minimally invasive breast biopsy procedures to diagnose breast cancer and other abnormalities.  **4.Kendra's AI-Driven Cervical Cancer Screening Tool:** - Kendra Health uses AI-powered tools for cervical cancer screening, particularly in low-resource or remote areas. - The device captures images of the cervix using a smartphone, and AI algorithms analyze these images to detect precancerous lesions. - AI automatically analyzes the captured cervical images to detect early signs of cancerous changes, often outperforming traditional methods like the Pap smear. **[F)Application of Artificial Intelligence in Menopause:]** **1.Embr Wave:** - Embr Wave is a wearable device that helps manage hot flashes, a common symptom during menopause. - The device looks like a wristband and uses temperature sensations to help users feel cooler or warmer. - It works by emitting cooling or warming sensations on the wrist, which can help regulate body temperature and alleviate the discomfort associated with hot flashes. Amazon.com: Embr Wave Cooling Bracelet - Warming Bracelet - Personalized Thermal Relief - Manage Hot Flashes, Night Sweats, Sleep, Stress - FSA HSA Eligible - Clinically Proven - Rechargeable - Rose Gold : Health & Household  **2.BioWave® GO:** - BioWave GO is a portable device that uses neuro stimulation to manage pain, including discomfort associated with menopause. - The device delivers signals to the nerves, blocking pain signals from reaching the brain. - It can be used on various body parts to target specific areas of discomfort. - Provides a non-pharmaceutical method for pain relief, which is especially valuable for women looking to manage menopause symptoms without medication. Amazon.com: BIOWAVEGO Medical Grade TENS Unit Upgrade to TENS Machines for Pain Relief Clinically Proven ESTIM for Chronic Pain & Recovery HSA FSA Eligible : Health & Household  **3.HeraBEAT:** - HeraBEAT is a wearable heart rate monitor designed for women\'s health, providing insights into heart health during various life stages, including menopause. - It monitors heart rate and provides data on heart health, which can be important as women may experience cardiovascular changes during menopause due to hormonal shifts. **4.Livia:** Livia is a wearable device designed for pain relief, specifically targeting menstrual cramps, which can be an issue for some women transitioning into menopause. It uses Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) technology to alleviate pain. The device is worn on the skin and sends electrical impulses that disrupt pain signals sent to the brain. many women use it to manage discomfort associated with menopause, such as hot flashes or other types of pain. Livia - The Off Switch for Menstrual Pain \| Indiegogo**5.Gynetix:** - Gynetix is a smart health monitoring device that helps women manage their reproductive health, including symptoms related to menopause. - It connects with various sensors to monitor physical parameters like heart rate, temperature, and sleep quality. - By collecting and analyzing data on these parameters, Gynetix provides insights into how menopause might be affecting a woman\'s overall health and well-being. **6.Maven Clinic:** - Maven Clinic is a digital health platform that offers personalized care for women\'s health, including menopause management. - Users can connect with health professionals, including nurse practitioners and specialists in menopause care, through the app. - AI algorithms help match users with the right healthcare provider and provide tailored recommendations based on individual symptoms and health history. 7.Climateric App: - Climateric is a menopause symptom tracking app that uses AI to analyze user data on symptoms, lifestyle factors, and hormonal changes. - The app provides insights into symptom patterns and recommendations for managing menopause-related discomfort. - Users can track their mood, sleep, hot flashes, and other symptoms to receive personalized advice. **[Role of the nurse for maternity care in the age of artificial intelligence:-]** - Provide training, education and information about application and using of new technology. - Enhance in-services education program about of new technology inside work place and outside it. - Enhance education through mass media about benefits, uses, advantage and disadvantages of advance technology. - Use information and communication technology to document and evaluate woman care. - Adapt use of technologies to meet woman's need. - Take into account ethical considerations regarding the use of advanced technology. - Take complete history from the women including personal history, obstetric history, gynecological history. - Assessment to determine menstrual history and past history to detect presence or absence of factors which may affect using of advanced technology - Explain steps of the procedures to the client - Provide and discuss all relevant information with participants - Educate women about advanced technology and its different types. - Inform women advantage and disadvantage of advanced technology - Continually seek to raise community awareness about the benefits of advanced technology in treatment of many diseases. - Use information and communication technology to document and evaluate woman care. - Adapt use of technologies to meet woman's need. - The nurse must promote and protect the health, safety, and rights of clients. - Provide personal and emotional support for participants, including help in dealing with unfavorable results - Nurses should be involved in the selection of new equipment, receive the proper training for its use. - Monitor equipment safety and the effect of technology on patients and families on an ongoing basis. - Conduct, support and/or participate in research to study the effectiveness of advanced technology as nursing interventions. [Obstacles of application of AI in women health care] - Lack of resources, facilities and supplies. - Inadequate staff members to use and apply AI. - Lack of financial resources. - Bias between departments for using AI. - Characteristics of learners: - some learners may be reluctant and not motivated to learn or use technology to improve their learning. - The setting: - may hinder use of AI if not comfortable and safe. - Lack of training, education and information in use of AI. **References** - Iftikhar P, Kuijpers MV, Khayyat A, Iftikhar A, DeGouvia De Sa M. Artificial Intelligence: A New Paradigm in Obstetrics and Gynecology Research and Clinical Practice. Cureus. 2020 Feb 28;12(2):e7124. doi: 10.7759/cureus.7124. PMID: 32257670; PMCID: PMC7105008 - Ava Science Inc. 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