ART311 Environmental Control Systems Spring 2024 Class Presentation PDF

Tuesday & Thursday 8 : 0 0 p m - 9 : 2 0 p m SPRING 2024 Environmental Control Systems ART311- 503 INSTRUCTOR Asma Bukhammas PART I NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design The Bigger Picture fro...

Tuesday & Thursday 8 : 0 0 p m - 9 : 2 0 p m SPRING 2024 Environmental Control Systems ART311- 503 INSTRUCTOR Asma Bukhammas PART I NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design The Bigger Picture from Building Systems for Interior Designers by Corkey Binggeli BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS Chapter Titles The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Sub-headings (from each chapter) corresponding to sub-headings in your required reading NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design A building is a layer of protection between our bodies and our environment. BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA The building’s interior design, along with the mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and other building systems, creates an interior environment that supports our needs and activities and responds to the weather and site conditions outdoors. Building designers and owners now strive for energy efficiency to minimise costs. Almost all building codes now include energy conservation standards. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Today’s buildings are heavily reliant upon electricity because if its convenience to use and versatility, and consumption of electricity's expected to rise about twice as fast as overall energy demand. Electric lighting provide virtually all illumination. Electric lighting produces heat, which in turn increases airconditioning energy use in warm weather, using even more electricity. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Human activities are adding Greenhouse gases - pollutants that trap earth’s heat - to the atmosphere at a faster rate than any time over the past several thousand years. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA The human health and environmental concerns about Ozone layer depletion are different from the risks we face from global warming, but the phenomena are related in certain ways. Some pollutants contribute to both problems and both alter he global atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion allows more harmful UV radiation to reach our planet’s surface. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Ozone is being destroyed in the upper atmosphere, however, where it has a beneficial effect. This destruction is caused primarily by CFCs. Chlorofluorocarbons don't occur naturally. They are very stable chemicals developed in the 1960s, and they can last up to 50 years. Used primarily for refrigeration and air-conditioning, CFCs have also been used as blowing agents to produce foamed plastics for insulation, upholstery padding, and packing, and as propellants for fire extinguishers and aerosols. In their gaseous form, they drift into the upper atmosphere and destroy ozone molecules. This allows more UV radiation to reach the surface of the earth, killing or altering complex molecules of living organisms, including DNA. The damage has resulted in an increase in skin cancers, especially in the southern latitudes. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Sustainable architecture looks at human civilisation as an integral part of the natural world, and seeks to preserve nature through encouraging conservation in daily life. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design Energy conservation in building site, choice of BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA appropriate construction methods, use and control of daylight, selection of finishes and colours, and the design of artificial lighting. The selection of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) and other equipment can have a major effect on energy use. The use of alternative energy source, waste control, water recycling, and control of building operations and maintenance all contribute to sustainable design. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA ‘Sustainability is a state or process that can be maintained indefinitely. The principles of sustainability integrate three closely intertwined elements - the environment, the economy, and the social system - into a system that can be maintained in a healthy state indefinitely’ - pg:07 NATURAL RESOURCES What are some of the things you - as an Interior Designer - can do to help contribute to a sustainable design? Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements • Environmentally conscious interior design is a practice that attempts to create indoor spaces that are environmentally sustainable and healthy for their occupants. • The interior designer’s responsibility includes the creation of a healthy and safe indoor environment • The interior designer’s choices can provide comfort for the building’s occupants while still benefiting the environment, an effort that often requires initial conceptual creativity rather than additional expense. • Limit green-house gas production by specifying energy-efficient lighting and appliances • By using natural light, natural ventilation and adequate insulation in your designs, you reduce energy use. • Specify materials that require less energy to manufacture and transport • Use products made of recycled materials that can in turn be recycled when they are replaced • Introduce user-operated controls. These may be as low-tech as shutters and shades. Users who understand how buildings gets and keeps heat are more likely to conserve energy • A carefully sited building can enhance daylighting as well as passive cooling by night ventilation. Good siting also supports opportunities for solar heating, improved indoor air quality, less use of electric lights, and added acoustic absorption. • Rainwater retention employs local water for irrigation and flushing toilets • On-site wastewater recycling circulates the water and waste from kitchens and baths through treatment ponds, where microorganisms and aquatic plants digest waste matter, The resulting water is suitable for irrigation of crops and for fish food. Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS Energy loads - the amount of energy a building uses to operate - are reduced by integration with the building site, use of renewable resources, the design of the building envelope, and the selection of efficient lighting and appliances. Energy load reduction lead to smaller, less expensive, and more efficient HVAC systems, which in turn use less energy. The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores Food for thought —> THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA A building designed for sustainability adapts easily to changed uses, thereby reducing the amount of demolition and new construction, and prolonging the building life. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes The U.S Green Building Council, a nonprofit coalition representing the building industry, has created a comprehensive system for building green called LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. The LEED program provides information on green building techniques and strategies LEED also: - certifies buildings that meet the highest standards of economic and environmental performance Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA - offers professional education, training & Professional Accreditation - which recognises the individuals qualifications in sustainable building. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Some of the general initiatives are listed in the LEED Green building accreditation: - use of recycled materials - waste management - sustainable design - choosing products with recycled content - optimises natural daylight - installs energy-efficient equipment and lighting Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements - installs water saving devices BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA - materials selected for durability, low maintenance and ecological sensitivity. FYI —> NCIDQ : National Council for Interior Design Qualification The Council for Interior Design Qualification (CIDQ), an independent of state and provincial credentialing bodies, provides the North American public with the means to identify interior designers who have demonstrated the minimum level of competence needed to practice interior design. In fulfilment of this purpose, CIDQ provides a professional examination in interior design. One hundred percent of the Examination covers those aspects of the practice of interior design that affect the public's health, life style and welfare. CIDQ is an organisation of regulatory boards and provincial associations in the United States and Canada whose core purpose is to protect the health, life safety and welfare of the public by establishing standards of competence in the practice of interior design. CIDQ serves to identify to the public those interior designers who have met the minimum standards for professional practice by passing the NCIDQ Examination. Completion of the NCIDQ Examination recognises that an individual has met minimum competency standards for the practice of interior design. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Is it possible to create beautiful buildings that generate more energy than what they use and actually improve the health of their environment. Rather than simply cutting down on the damage buildings do to the environment, which results in designs that do less - but still some damage, some design have a net positive effect. 5 minute ‘Wake-me-up’ Pop-Quiz: 1. What are environmental Control Systems? Give a few examples. 2. Give an example about how buildings can have a net positive effect on the environment. 3. The act of building or construction and the operation of a building after construction requires a significant amount of energy. Give an example about how your job as an Interior Designer can help mitigate that. NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life The way sunlight moves around a building site influences the way the building is positioned, the size and location of windows and skylights, the amounts of day lighting and the design of mechanical and natural cooling and heating systems DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA Sun Angles in Tropical Latitudes Sun angles in northern latitudes NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies • Sites may have microclimates, different from surrounding areas, which result from their elevations, closeness to large bodies of water, shading and wand patterns • Cities sometimes create their own microclimates with relatively warm year-round temperatures produced by heat sources such as air-conditioners, furnaces, electric light, car engines, and building machinery • Energy released by vehicles and buildings to the outdoors warms the air 3°C to 6°C above the surrounding countryside. LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA NATURAL RESOURCES Limited Energy Resources Greenhouse Effect / Ozone Depletion Sustainable Design Strategies LEED Beyond Suitable Design BUILDING SITE CONDITIONS Local Climate The Site Wind & Building Openings Water Animal & Plant Life DESIGNING FOR BUILDING FUNCTIONS The Building Envelope Building Form Between Floors & Ceilings Service Cores THE HUMAN BODY & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Environmentally sensitive buildings are designed in response to the climate type of the site. Indigenous architecture, which has evolved over centuries of trial and error, provides models for building in the four basic climate types: - Cold Climates - Temperate Climates - Hot Arid Climates Maintaining Thermal Equilibrium Ears & Eyes Other Human Environmental Requirements Social Requirements BUILDING CODES Code Officials Special Codes & the Interior Designer Standards & Organisations ADA - Hot Humid Climates