Antiinfective Drugs KEY PDF

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Class** | **Action** | **Indicatio | **Adverse | **Misc | | | | ns** | Effect** | Information | | | | | | ** | +===========...

+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Class** | **Action** | **Indicatio | **Adverse | **Misc | | | | ns** | Effect** | Information | | | | | | ** | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | **Penicilli | Beta-lactam | Otitis | **GI:** | Contraindic | | ns** | ring | media | N&V, | ation: | | | interferes | | diarrhea | allergy | | **(broad | with | Tonsillitis | | | | spectrum)** | bacterial | | Tooth | Caution: | | | wall cell | Sinusitis | discolorati | hypersensit | | **Amoxicill | synthesis | | on | ivity | | in** | by | Skin, | | to | | | inhibiting | respiratory | Superinfect | cephalospor | | | the | and urinary | ions | ins, | | | bacterial | tract | | renal | | | enzyme | infections | Anaphylaxis | impairment, | | | necessary | | | ulcerative | | | for cell | (Gram | | colitis, | | | division | positive | | pseudomembr | | | and | and | | anous | | | cellular | gram-negati | | colitis, GI | | | synthesis | ve | | disease | | | | bacteria) | | | | | Bactericida | | | Unaffected | | | l | | | by food | | | | | | | | | | | | Decreased | | | | | | effect with | | | | | | acidic | | | | | | fruits and | | | | | | juices | | | | | | | | | | | | When | | | | | | combined | | | | | | with a | | | | | | beta-lactam | | | | | | ase | | | | | | enzyme | | | | | | inhibitor | | | | | | \--\> | | | | | | extended | | | | | | and more | | | | | | intense | | | | | | effect | | | | | | | | | | | | May | | | | | | decrease | | | | | | effectivene | | | | | | ss | | | | | | of oral | | | | | | contracepti | | | | | | ves | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Penicilli | Treat | Endocarditi | **GI:** Abd | Give: IM/IV | | nase-Resist | penicillina | s | pain, | | | ant | se-producin | | nausea, | **Not** | | Pencicillin | g | Meningitis | vomiting, | effective | | s** | *S. aureus* | | diarrhea, | against | | | | Skin, | stomatitis | gram | | **Nafcillin | | respiratory | | negative | | ** | | and | Superinfect | bacteria | | | | bone/joint | ion | | | | | infections | | | | | | | Phlebitis | | | | | | and | | | | | | injection | | | | | | site | | | | | | reaction | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Cephalosp | Inhibits | Otitis | GI distress | **Caution:* | | orins** | bacterial | media | | * | | | cell wall | | Elevated | hypersensit | | **Ceftriaxo | synthesis | Meningitis | hepatic | ivity | | ne** | causing | | enzymes | to | | | cell lysis | Gonorrhea | | penicillins | | **(3^rd^ | | | Pseudomembr | , | | generation) | Bactericida | Bactermia | anous | hepatic/ren | | ** | l | | colitis | al | | | | Skin, | | dysfunction | | | | respiratory | Nephrotoxic | , | | | | , | ity | pseudomembr | | | | bon/joint, | | anous | | | | abdominal | Super | colitis | | | | and urinary | infections | | | | | tract | | Give IM/IV | | | | infections | | | | | | | | Can give | | | | (Gram | | just daily | | | | positive | | | | | | and | | Increased | | | | gram-negati | | bleeding if | | | | ve | | used with | | | | bacteria) | | anticoagula | | | | | | nt | | | | | | | | | | | | Multiple | | | | | | generations | | | | | | -of | | | | | | these drugs | | | | | | *(cost | | | | | | considerati | | | | | | ons)* | | | | | | | | | | | | Choice | | | | | | depends on | | | | | | sensitivity | | | | | | , | | | | | | route, and | | | | | | cost | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Cephalosp | Inhibits | Bacteremia | GI distress | **Caution:* | | orins** | bacterial | | | * | | | cell wall | Respiratory | Headache | hypersensit | | **Cefepime* | synthesis | , | | ivity | | * | causing | skin, | Elevated | to | | | cell lysis | intraabdomi | hepatic | penicillins | | **(4^th^ | | nal | enzymes | , | | generation) | Bactericida | and urinary | | hepatic/ren | | ** | l | tract | Pseudomembr | al | | | | infections | anous | dysfunction | | | | | colitis | , | | | | | | pseudomembr | | | | | Nephrotoxic | anous | | | | | ity | colitis | | | | | | | | | | | Super | Given IV | | | | | infections | | | | | | | Increased | | | | | | bleeding if | | | | | | used with | | | | | | anticoagula | | | | | | nt | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Macrolide | Bind to 50S | **Erythromy | GI distress | **Interacti | | s** | ribosomal | cin** | | ons:** | | | subunits to | | C. | theophyllin | | **(broad | inhibit | Respiratory | difficile | e, | | spectrum)** | protein | infections | diarrhea | carbamazepi | | | synthesis | | (superinfec | ne | | **Erythromy | | (pneumonia) | tion), | and | | cin** | Bacteriosta | | symptoms | warfarin | | | tic | **Azithromy | include | | | **Azithromy | at low | cin** | abdominal | "Zpack" | | cin** | doses and | | cramping | with | | | bactericida | Upper and | and watery | azithromyci | | | l | lower | diarrheal | n | | | at high | respiratory | stools or | give over 7 | | | doses | tract | bloody | days with | | | | infections, | stools | slow taper | | | | STIs and | | off | | | | skin | Hepatotoxic | | | | | infections | ity | If given IV | | | | | | dilute with | | | | Allergy to | | NS or | | | | penicillin | | dextrose to | | | | | | prevent | | | | | | phlebitis | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Lincosami | Inhibit | Lower | GI distress | **Not** | | des** | bacterial | respiratory | | effective | | | protein | infection | Bone marrow | against | | **Clindamyc | synthesis | | suppression | gram | | in** | | MRSA | | negative | | | Bacteriosta | | pseudomembr | bacteria | | | tic | Skin and | anous | | | | and | gynecologic | colitis | Take with a | | | bactericida | infections | | full glass | | | l | | | of water | | | depending | | | | | | on dose | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Glycopept | Inhibits | *S. aureus* | Nephrotoxic | **Caution** | | ide** | bacterial | infections | ity | in renal, | | | cell wall | | | hearing | | **Vancomyci | synthesis | Cardiac | Ototoxicity | impairment; | | n** | | surgery | \--\> | | | | Active | prophylaxis | damage to | Monitor | | | against | if allergic | 8^th^ | levels | | | severe gram | to | cranial | | | | positive | penicillin | nerve \--\> | Peak and | | | bacteria | | permanent | trough | | | | Bacteremia | hearing | peak: 1 | | | Bactericida | | loss | hour after | | | l | C.diff | | dose; | | | | infections | Headache, | trough: 30 | | | | | dizziness, | minutes | | | | | fatigue | before dose | | | | | | due. | | | | | GI distress | | | | | | | Peak tells | | | | | **Red Man | you about | | | | | Syndrome** | toxicities; | | | | | with rapid | trough | | | | | IV | tells that | | | | | administrat | serum | | | | | ion: | levels are | | | | | blotching | staying | | | | | of the | adequate | | | | | face, neck, | | | | | | arms, upper | Given | | | | | body and | orally for | | | | | back | c.diff | | | | | (toxicity | infections | | | | | not | | | | | | allergy) | Can also | | | | | Can also | give IV for | | | | | get | sepsis or | | | | | hypotension | severe | | | | | , | infections | | | | | tachycardia | | | | | | , | Dilute and | | | | | wheezing, | administer | | | | | dyspnea and | over 60-90 | | | | | may lead to | minutes | | | | | cardiac | | | | | | arrest | Peak action | | | | | | 30 minutes | | | | | | after | | | | | | infusion | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Tetracycl | Inhibit | STDs | GI distress | **Contraind | | ines** | bacterial | | | icated:** | | | synthesis | Respiratory | Hepatotoxic | first and | | **Doxycycli | | , | ity | last | | ne** | Bacterostat | urinary | | trimester | | | ic | tract and | Teeth | of | | | or | skin | staining | pregnancy, | | | bactericida | infections | | children | | | l | | Bone damage | under 8 | | | | | | years of | | | | | Rash | age | | | | | | | | | | | Photosensit | **Interacti | | | | | ivity | ons:** | | | | | | antacids | | | | | | and iron | | | | | | containing | | | | | | drugs, milk | | | | | | and calcium | | | | | | | | | | | | Absorption | | | | | | improved | | | | | | with food | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Aminoglyc | Inhibits | Gram | Nephrotoxic | Given IM/IV | | osides** | protein | negative | ity | | | | synthesis | bacteria | | Rapid onset | | **Gentamyci | | | Ototoxicity | | | n** | Bactericida | Serious | | Check peak | | | l | infections | **CNS**: | and trough | | | | | confusion, | levels | | | | | disorientat | | | | | | ion | Increased | | | | | | risk of | | | | | **CV:** | ototoxicity | | | | | palpitation | with | | | | | s, | diuretics | | | | | BP changes | | | | | | | Increased | | | | | | risk of | | | | | | nephrotoxic | | | | | | ity | | | | | | with | | | | | | NSAIDs, | | | | | | vancomycin | | | | | | and | | | | | | furosemide | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Class** | **Action** | **Indicatio | **Adverse | **Misc.** | | | | ns** | Effects** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Fluoroqui | Interfer | Urinary | **CNS**: | Reserved | | nolones** | with action | tract, bone | headache, | for | | | of DNA | and joint | dizziness, | patients | | **Ciproflox | enzymes | infections | insomnia | who have no | | acin** | necessary | | | alternative | | | for | Bronchitis, | GI distress | treatment | | **Levofloxa | bacteria | pneumonia | | options due | | cin** | synthesis | | Bone marrow | to adverse | | | | | depression | effects | | | | | | | | | | | Rash | Take before | | | | | | meals and | | | | | Photosensit | without | | | | | ivity | antiacids | | | | | | due to | | | | | **Black box | decreased | | | | | warning:** | absorption | | | | | tendonitis, | | | | | | (tendon | If combined | | | | | rupture | with | | | | | esp. if | theophyllin | | | | | over 60, on | e | | | | | steroids, | increased | | | | | after | levels of | | | | | transplants | theophyllin | | | | | ), | e | | | | | exacerbatio | (monitor | | | | | n | levels) | | | | | of | | | | | | myasthenia | | | | | | gravis | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Class** | **Action** | **Indicatio | **Adverse | **Misc.** | | | | ns** | Effects** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Sulfonami | Inhibit | Urinary | **CNS:** | Given PO or | | des** | bacterial | tract, | headache, | IV | | | synthesis | respiratory | dizziness, | | | **Trimethop | of folic | and ear | vertigo, | Combination | | rim-Sulfame | acid which | infections | ataxia, | drug-helps | | thoxazole** | is | | depression, | with | | | essential | Patients | seizures | bacterial | | | for | with | | resistance | | | bacteria | penicillin | GI distress | | | | growth | allergies | | Interacts | | | | | Hepatotoxic | with | | | Bacteriosta | Pneumocysti | ity | digoxin, | | | tic | s | | phenytoin, | | | | carinii | Nephrotoxic | & warfarin | | | Produces a | | ity | | | | synergistic | | | Hypoglycemi | | | effect with | | Bone marrow | a | | | both drugs | | suppression | with oral | | | to increase | | | antidiabeti | | | response | | Photosensit | c | | | | | ivity | agent | | | | | | | | | | | Rash | **↑K+** | | | | | | with ACE, | | | | | Crystals in | and | | | | | urine | spironolact | | | | | | one | | | | | | | | | | | | Increase | | | | | | fluid | | | | | | intake to | | | | | | prevent | | | | | | crystalluri | | | | | | a | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Nitroimid | Disrupts | Intraabdomi | **CNS:** | Given PO, | | azoles** | DNA and | nal | headache, | IV or | | | protein | and | dizziness, | topically | | **Metronida | synthesis | respiratory | insomnia, | | | zole** | in bacteria | infections | weakness | IV | | | and | | | administrat | | | protozoa | *H. pylori* | GI distress | ion: | | | | | | give over | | | | | Tongue/urin | 30-60 | | | | | e | minutes | | | | | discolorati | | | | | | on | Only given | | | | | | IV if | | | | | Leukopenia | cannot | | | | | | tolerate | | | | | Seizures | oral | | | | | | medications | | | | | Peripheral | | | | | | neuropathy | Can be | | | | | | added to | | | | | | multidrug | | | | | | regimens to | | | | | | reduce | | | | | | rsistance | | | | | | | | | | | | **Avoid** | | | | | | ETOH for 3 | | | | | | days: | | | | | | disulfiram | | | | | | reaction: | | | | | | (flushing, | | | | | | throbbing | | | | | | headache, | | | | | | visual | | | | | | disturbance | | | | | | , | | | | | | confusion, | | | | | | dyspnea, | | | | | | n/v, | | | | | | tachycardia | | | | | | , | | | | | | syncope and | | | | | | circulatory | | | | | | collapse) | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Antituber | Inhibits | First line | GI distress | **Contraind | | cular** | bacterial | drug for | | icated:** | | | cell wall | tuberculosi | Peripheral | moderate to | | **Isoniazid | synthesis | s | neuropathy | severe | | ** | by | | | liver | | | interfering | Treat | Hepatotoxic | disease | | | with lipid | active | ity | | | | and DNA | disease and | | Monitor | | | synthesis | prophylaxis | Ocular | LFTs | | | | | toxicity | | | | Bactericida | | | Take | | | l | | | Vitamin B 6 | | | | | | to prevent | | | | | | neuropathy | | | | | | | | | | | | Eye exams | | | | | | before and | | | | | | during | | | | | | treatment | | | | | | | | | | | | Avoid | | | | | | tyramine | | | | | | foods | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Class** | **Action** | **Indicatio | **Adverse | **Misc.** | | | | ns** | Effects** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Antimycob | Inhibits | First line | Hepatotoxic | **Administe | | acterial** | bacterial | drug for | ity | r** | | | cell wall | Tuberculosi | | on empty | | **Rifampin* | synthesis | s | Body fluids | stomach1 | | * | by | | may turn | hour before | | | interfering | Use in | reddish | or 2 hours | | | with lipid | combination | orange | after meals | | | and DNA | with other | | | | | synthesis | drugs | Soft | Monitor | | | | | contact | LFTs | | | Bactericida | | lenses | | | | l | | permanently | | | | | | discolored | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Antifunga | Increases | *Candida* | GI distress | Given PO or | | ls** | permeabilit | infections | | IV | | | y | | Headache | | | **Fluconazo | of the | Cryptococca | | May drug | | le** | fungal cell | l | Rash | interaction | | | membrane by | meningitis | | s | | | inhibiting | | Anemia | due to | | | ergosterol | Prophylaxis | | action | | | synthesis | from BMT or | Hepatotoxic | | | | | radiation | ity | | | | | therapy | | | | | | | QT | | | | | | prolongatio | | | | | | n | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Class** | **Action** | **Indicatio | **Adverse | **Misc.** | | | | ns** | Effects** | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Antiviral | Decrease | Influenza A | **CNS**: | Take within | | Drugs** | the release | and B | Light-heade | 48 hours of | | | of the | treatment | dness, | flu | | **for | virus from | and | dizziness, | symptoms or | | Influenza** | infected | prophylaxis | headache, | exposure | | | cells | | insomnia, | | | **Oseltamiv | | | vertigo, | Does not | | ir** | | | fatigue | replace | | | | | | vaccine | | | | | GI distress | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Herpes | Inhibit | Herpes | GI distress | Acyclovir- | | Antivirals* | viral DNA | simplex | | oral, IV, | | * | synthesis | viruses | Headache | topical | | | | (HSV-1 and | | | | **Acyclovir | | HSV-2) | Kidney | Valacyclovi | | ** | | | dysfunction | r | | | | Chicken pox | | oral and | | **Valacyclo | | and | Bone marrow | topical | | vir** | | shingles | depression | | | | | (Varicella) | | Monitor | | | | | Sloughing | kidney | | | | | of skin | function | | | | | with IV | and blood | | | | | administrat | counts | | | | | ion | | | | | | | Start | | | | | | therapy as | | | | | | soon as | | | | | | symptoms | | | | | | present | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Antiviral | Inhibits | HIV | GI distress | GI effects | | s | viral | infection | | normally | | for HIV** | enzyme | | Hypersensit | improve \~ | | | reverse | Prevent | ivity | 2 weeks | | **Nucleosid | transcripta | maternal-fe | with rash | after | | es** | se | tal | | starting | | | and | HIV | Peripheral | therapy | | **Zidovudin | thymidine | transmissio | neuropathy | | | e** | kinase, | n | | Mostly use | | | enzymes | | Myopathy | combination | | | needed for | | | therapy | | | viral HIV | | Pancreatiti | now, | | | replication | | s | stabilize | | | | | | on | | | | | Lipoatrophy | individual | | | | | with | drug first, | | | | | chronic use | then add | | | | | | others | | | | | Hepatoxicit | | | | | | y | **Monitor | | | | | | hepatic** | | | | | | function | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+