Anatomy Practical PDF

ANATOMY Color Index: Main text Important PRACTICAL Dr's Notes...

ANATOMY Color Index: Main text Important PRACTICAL Dr's Notes Extra Editing File Important Notes You have to read the questions well and focus on what the question needs Please revise your answers well to match the numbers required in the question, if you write right answer but opposite to another number, it will be considered completely wrong You have to write your complete answer not to cut from your marks Please try hard to be well oriented with spelling of your scientific terms Skeletal System To identify humerus, you have to find this head like a ball and very short neck compared with femur Name the bone? Humerus Mention the type of bone? Long Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Bone of the arm To identify radius, you have to notice this rounded end, it is like a cap on its proximal end. Name the bone? Radius Mention the type of bone? Long Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Lateral Bone of the forearm  To identify ulna, the head is large with big notch (you feel like upper end is open mouth or C). Name the bone? Ulna Mention the type of bone? Long Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Medial Bone of the forearm  It is “S” shaped bone. Name the bone? Clavicle Mention the type of bone? Long Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Anterior bone of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle  Scapula is triangular in shape. Name the bone? Scapula Mention the type of bone? Flat Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Posterior bone of the shoulder (pectoral) girdle  To identify femur, its head is like a ball with long neck compared with shorter neck of humerus. Name the bone? Femur Mention the type of bone? Long Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Bone of thigh  Its proximal end is large bulky with bone projected anteriorly It is a very thin bone compared with tibia, its upper and lower ends are small Name the bone? Tibia Name the bone? Fibula Mention the type of bone? Mention the type of Long Bone bone? Long Bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Identify the anatomical Medial bone of the leg position of bone? Lateral bone of the leg Tibia to differentiate between them Don't be confused ! Hand Distal Phalanx: Long Bone Middle Phalanx: LongBone Proximal Phalanx: LongBone Metacarpal Bones: Long Bone (5) Carpal Bones: Short Bone (8) Note : ‫) باليد‬Thumb(‫العد من اإلصبع الكبير‬ From lateral to medial Foot Note : ‫العد من اإلصبع الكبير بالرجل‬ From medial to lateral Distal Phalanx of big toe: Long Bone Proximal Phalanx of big toe: LongBone Tarsal Bones Metatarsal Bones: Long Bone (5) Tarsal Bones: Short Bone (7) Metatarsal Bones Calcaneus: Short Bone Posterior One doctor Proximal Phalanx of big toe Distal Phalanx of big toe Identify (A)? Skull (frontal bone) Identify the type of bone (A)? Flat bone Identify (B)? Hip Bone Identify the type of bone (B)? Irregular Identify? One doctor Ilium Identify the type of bone? Flat Location? Pelvic girdle One doctor Name the bone? Patella Mention the type of bone? Sesamoid bone Identify the anatomical position of bone? Anterior to knee cap (between thigh and leg) When talking about the location don‘t forget to mention is it in the forearm or arm Skeletal Muscles  Introduction Muscles naming Number of Action Attachement Size Position Depth Shape heads Muscle Attachement Origin Insertion Fleshy Fibrous Least moveable Most moveable The proximal end The distal end Types of attachement Tendon Apponeurosis Raphe Name of the Muscle: Orbicularis oris Type: Circular Location: At the face (around the lips of the mouth)  Boys Dr: Very Important Name of the Muscle: Pectoralis Major (Named based on the position+size) Type: Convergent Location: In the upper chest (Anterior pectoral girdle) Boys Dr: Very Important Name of the Muscle: Deltoid (Named based on the shape Type: Multipennate Location: Uppermost part of the arm and the top shoulder/ pectoral girdle Boys Dr: Very Important Name of the Muscle: Biceps Brachii (named based on the number of heads) Type: Fusiform Location: Anterior in the upper arm (between the shoulder and elbow)  Important for Boys Name of the Muscle: Triceps Brachii (named based on the number of heads) Type: Triceps Location: Posterior In the upper arm (between the shoulder and elbow) Boys Dr: Very Important Name of the Muscle: Rectus femoris (Named based on the shape & position Type: Bipennate Location: Anterior to the middle of the thigh Boys Dr: Very Important Name of the Muscle: Sartorius Type: Parallel Location: In the upper anterior part of the thigh (From lateral to medial) Name of the Muscle: Extensor digitorum longus Type: Unipennate Important for Boys Name of the Muscle: Gastrocnemius Type: Fusiform Location: Superficial in the posterior leg Only one doctor said it Name of the Muscle: Soleus Location: Deep in the posterior leg Important for Boys Name of the Muscle: Gluteus Maximus Type: Multipennate Location: Superficial in the gluteal region Nervous System The Brain It’s located in the cranial cavity It has four lobes: A- Frontal B- Parietal C- Temporal D- Occipital These lobes are part of the cerebrum Same names for the skull bones How can you determine the front and the back of the brain? The front has two poles , while the back has one (see above) Consist of four parts: 1. Cerebrum (cerebral hemisphere) 2. Cerebellum 3. Diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus) 4. Brain stem ( midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) Not with us (BOYS) Brain: Cerebrum Two hemispheres Outer part is cortex (grey matter) and inner core (white matter) It has two types of folds : * Gyri: the bumps on the surface * Sulci: indentations of grooves (deep) The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by thick bundle of fibers known as corpus callosum located deep within the white matter masses of grey matter (basal nuclei) Cerebellum (Much like cerebrum) - posterior - Two hemispheres (right and left) - Outer cortex (grey matter) - inner region (white matter) Diencephalon - thalamus (the circle shape in the middle) - Hypothalamus (like triangle in lower part of the thalamus) - Subthalamus - Epithalamus Brain Stem 1. Midbrain (superior) 2. Pons (middle,long) 3. Medulla oblongata (inferior) Spinal Cord - Cylindrical in shape lies within the vertebral canal - Extends from foramen magnum to L2 vertebra - Gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves Not with us (BOYS)  Not with us (BOYS) Cross section of spinal cord White Dorsal root 1 matter of ganglion A spinal cord (DRG) Dorsal horn Dorsal root of spinal 2 of spinal B cord nerve (sensory) Ventral Lateral root of 3 horn of C spinal spinal cord nerve Ventral Trunk of horn of 4 spinal D spinal cord *Anterior median Fissure (ventral) nerve (motor) *Posterior median septum (dorsal) Important A Cerebral Hemisphere (Cerebrum) B Thalamus C Midbrain (brain stem) D Pons (brain stem) E Medulla Oblongata (brain stem) F Cerebellum G Fourth Ventricle Important Not with us (BOYS) 1 Central Canal 2 Dorsal root of spinal nerve 3 Ventral root of spinal nerve 4 Trunk of spinal nerve 5 Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 6 Dorsal horn of grey matter in spinal cord (sensory) 7 Ventral horn of grey matter in spinal cord (motor)  Leaders Nisreen Alotaibi Omar Alattas MEMBERS Shaden Alotaibi Abdulhadi Alqahtani Danah Khallaf Turki Alanzi Elaf Alshamlan Talal Alrobaian Jana Alahaideb Abdulmalik Aldafs Dana Alotaibi Ahmad Addas Noorah Alkhilaiwi Salman AlHakeem Orjwan Alharthi Ziyad Bukhari Lana Alfouzan [email protected]