Anatomy & Physiology PDF
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Uploaded by PleasurableCarnelian2297
George Brown College
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Summary
This document contains questions and answers about the heart's anatomy and physiology. It discusses the functions of layers like the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium, as well as the differences between arteries and veins in terms of blood flow direction. The document details the systemic and pulmonary circulation of blood.
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4. Describe and state the function of the pericardium Pericardium is a double-layered sac that protects the heart. Parietal pericardium: The outer layer that anchors the heart in place & prevents over- expansion Visceral pericardium: the inner layer directly covering the heart, reducing friction wit...
4. Describe and state the function of the pericardium Pericardium is a double-layered sac that protects the heart. Parietal pericardium: The outer layer that anchors the heart in place & prevents over- expansion Visceral pericardium: the inner layer directly covering the heart, reducing friction with a lubricating uid Pericardial cavity: The space between these layers containing uid to minimize friction during heartbeats 5. Describe & state the functions of the layers that make up the wall of the heart Epicardium: the outermost layer also known as the visceral pericardium, which protects the heart & reduces friction with surrounding structures Myocardium: the thick middle layer made of muscle tissue, responsible for the hearts contractions e pumping blood Endocardium; The innermost layer a smooth lining for the hearts chambers a valves, reducing friction as blood ows through the heart 6. Differentiate between arteries & veins in terms of direction of blood ow Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Veins: carry blood towards the heart 7. Differentiate between the systemic and pulmonary circulation of blood Pulmonary circulation: circulates blood through the lungs Systemic circulation: circulates blood through the rest of the body fl fl
