APL1 Heart and Circulation PDF

Year 1 Dental Hygiene & Therapy DE7102: Biomedical Sciences Anatomy & Physiology The Heart and Circulation Dr. Matthew Locke BDS, MFDS, PhD, FDSRCS(Rest Dent), PGCert(MedEd), FHEA Consultant in Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry...

Year 1 Dental Hygiene & Therapy DE7102: Biomedical Sciences Anatomy & Physiology The Heart and Circulation Dr. Matthew Locke BDS, MFDS, PhD, FDSRCS(Rest Dent), PGCert(MedEd), FHEA Consultant in Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Lecture-specific Learning outcomes The students will be able to: Define the position of the heart in the thorax Label a prepared diagram of the heart Describe the structure of the heart wall Describe the chambers of the heart Define the position and function of the heart valves Define normal blood pressure Describe blood flow through the heart Define the three main types of blood vessels and discuss their differences Describe the conducting system of the heart To describe the path of oxygenated blood from the heart to the head and neck To be able to name and describe the major branches of the common carotid arteries To be aware of the pathways of the veins which drain into the internal jugular veins, and from them to the heart School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Structure of the heart Cone shaped Hollow Muscular organ 10 cm long is about the size of the owner’s fist Lies obliquely in thoracic cavity a little more to the left than the right School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Pericardium made up of two sacs Outer sac Inner sac Consists of fibrous tissue Double layer of serous Continuous with Tunica membrane Adventitia of great blood Outer layer termed parietal vessels pericardium and lines the Adherent to the diaphragm fibrous sac beneath it Inner layer termed visceral Fibrous nature prevents pericardium which is over distension of heart adherent to the myocardium School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Pericardium Inner sac details Made up of flattened epithelial cells Secretes serous fluid into the space between the parietal and visceral layers This allows smooth movement between them when the heart beats School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Myocardium Specialised cardiac muscle only found in the heart Microscopically it has a “trellis” like appearance A sheet of muscle rather than many individual cells Specialised structure allows for a “wave” of muscle contraction to spread over the “whole” sheet of muscular tissue School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Endocardium Forms the lining to the myocardium Thin, smooth glistening membrane Consists of flattened epithelial cells Continuous with Tunica Intima which lines the blood vessels School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Interior structure of the heart Septum Atrioventricular valves Tricuspid valve Mitral valve Atrium Ventricle Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Cardiac cycle Atrial systole contraction of the atria Ventricular systole contraction of ventricles Complete cardiac diastole relaxation of the atria and ventricles School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Conducting system Sinuatrial node Atrioventricular node Atrioventricular bundle Purkinjie fibres School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Blood vessels Capillaries Single layer of endothelial cells forming a tube Fenestrations (gaps & branches) Arteries Veins Rigid, cylindrical shape Not rigid slightly flattened Thick walls Thin walls Do not contain valves Contain valves Carry oxygenated blood Carry de-oxygenated blood School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Types of arteries and veins Arteries Veins Arterioles smallest Venules smallest Muscular arteries Veins largest medium Elastic arteries largest School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Layers of arteries and veins Arteries Veins Tunica intima Tunica intima Consists of endothelial Very thin smooth cell layer endothelium Underlined by loose connective tissue Plus a layer of elastic tissue School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Layers of arteries and veins Arteries Veins Tunica media Tunica media Smooth muscle cells Less muscle Elastic fibres Less elastic fibres School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  Layers of arteries and veins Arteries Veins Tunica adventitia Tunica adventitia Connective tissue Composed of Elastic fibres collagenous connective Unites with any tissue surrounding connective tissue School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_nyv8b qNyE School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University School of Dentistry Yr Ysgol Ddeintyddiaeth © School of Dentistry, Cardiff University