Anatomy Study Guide PDF

DR. MOHAMMED AZAM Anatomy MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT. WHERE THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING. Anatomy OPHTHALMOLOGY WORKBOO Index Chapter 1- Coats and Contents of the Eyeball Chapter 2- Cli...

DR. MOHAMMED AZAM Anatomy MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT. WHERE THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING. Anatomy OPHTHALMOLOGY WORKBOO Index Chapter 1- Coats and Contents of the Eyeball Chapter 2- Clinical Examination in Ophthalm Chapter 3- Optics and Refraction Chapter 4- Strabismus/ Squint Chapter 5- Conjunctiva and Cornea Chpater 6- Retina Chapter 7-Neuro-Ophthalmology Chapter 8- Lens Chapter 9-Glaucoma Chapter 10-Adnexa Chapter 11- Uveal Tract MCQ DR. MOHAMMED AZAM FOLLOW ME ON TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Chapter 1. Neuroanatomy 1 Chapter 2. Head and Neck 23 Chapter 3. General and Systemic Embryology 43 Chapter 4. Upper Limb 61 Chapter 5. Lower Limb 78 Chapter 6. Thorax 95 Chapter 7. Abdomen 112 Chapter 8. Pelvis and Perineum 130 Chapter 9. General Anatomy And Histology 135 ANATOMY Chapter 1. Neuroanatomy Organisation of Nervous System CNS PNS 1. 1. 2. 2. Brain / Encephalon Sagittal section ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 1 ANATOMY Coronal section ( Ventricles of Brain ) Hydrocephalus ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 2 ANATOMY Spinal cord External Features  Extent  Length  Shape  Enlargements Lumbar Puncture ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 3 ANATOMY  Modifications of Pia Matter 1) 2) 3)  Cauda Equina T.S. of Spinal Cord ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 4 ANATOMY Brainstem 1. 2. 3. Ventral Aspect of Brainstem IVth Nerve ( Trochlear Nerve) Vth Nerve ( Trigeminal Nerve ) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 5 ANATOMY Ponto-medullary Junction : Lateral to Olive : Between Pyramid & Olive : Interpeduncular Fossa Contents of Interpeduncular Fossa - Infundibulum - Mamillary body - Post. Perforated Substance - CN - III Dorsal Aspect of Brainstem ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 6 ANATOMY T.S of Midbrain Note...........................................................Will be seen at the level of superior colliculus............................................................Will be seen at the level of inferior colliculus. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 7 ANATOMY T.S. of Pons T.S. of Medulla ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 8 ANATOMY White Matter Def: Classification : Grey Matter Def: Classification : Association Fibres Short Long ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 9 ANATOMY Note: 1)Broca’s Speech area (44,45) is connected to Auditory Area (41,42) by ……………………………… 2)Broca’s Speech area (44,45) is connected to Wernicke’s Speech area (22,39,40) by ……………………………… Commissural fibres 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 10 ANATOMY T.S. of Cerebrum Projection Fibres 1. 2. 3. Tracts ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 11 ANATOMY Pyramidal Tract Origin Course Clinical Correlation ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 12 ANATOMY Spinothalamic Tract ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 13 ANATOMY Dorsal Column Tract : Medial lemniscus ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 14 ANATOMY Brown Sequard Syndrome Hemisection of............................................... Cerebral cortex( BRODMANN AREAS) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 15 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 16 ANATOMY Basal Ganglia 1. 2. 3. Internal Capsule Parts 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Relations Lateral Medial Tracts Passing through Internal Capsule ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 17 ANATOMY Blood Supply of Brain (Circle of Willis) Branches of Vertebral Branches of ICA Branches of Basilar Artery ACA Artery Ant. Spinal Artery MCA Ant. Inf. Cerebellar Post. Spinal Artery Post. Communicating artery artery (AICA) Medullary branches Ophthalmic artery Sup. Cerebellar Artery Post. Inf. Cerebellar artery Ant. Choroidal artery PCA (PICA) Pontine Branches Meningeal branches ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 18 ANATOMY Cerebellum External features Cerebellar Cortex ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 19 ANATOMY Deep Nuclei of Cerebellum ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 20 ANATOMY Coronal Section : Lateral ventricle Sagittal Section : IIIrd ventricle ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 21 ANATOMY Transverse Section ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 22 ANATOMY Chapter 2. Head and Neck Cranial Fossae ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 23 ANATOMY Cranial Foramens with Cranial nerves Q) Identify the structure marked… A. Pterion B. Asterion C. Glabella D. Nasion ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 24 ANATOMY. Muscles of Mastication ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 25 ANATOMY 1) Muscles of mastication are supplied by............................................ 2) Depression of mandible/ opening of jaw........................................ 3) Retraction of mandible........................................... 4) Accessory muscle of mastication is............................................ 5) Most commonly involved in trysmus............................................. Muscles of Tongue When the patient is asked to protrude tongue, the tongue deviates to the paralyzed side. (i.e. the side of lesion of the hypoglossal nerve) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 26 ANATOMY Nerve Supply of Tongue Trigeminal Nerve ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 27 ANATOMY Facial Nerve UMN and LMN lesion ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 28 ANATOMY Auditory Pathway Glossopharyngeal nerve ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 29 ANATOMY Vagus Nerve  Arnold’s nerve / Alderman’s nerve : Auricular branch of vagus  Criminal nerve of Grassi : Posterior gastric branch of vagus ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 30 ANATOMY Accessory Nerve Hypoglossal Nerve & Ansa Cervicalis ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 31 ANATOMY Parasympathetic Ganglions Muscle Innervation 1) All the muscles of larynx are supplied by.................. except.............................. 2) All the muscles of phaynx are suppplied by.....................except..................................................and........................................... 3) All the muscles of palate are supplied by.............................except................................... 4) All the muscles of tongue are supplied by....................except............................ 5) All the muscles of mastication are supplied by.................................... ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 32 ANATOMY Transverse Section of Neck Sagittal section of Neck ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 33 ANATOMY Carotid Sheath Dural Venous Sinuses ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 34 ANATOMY Cavernous Sinus Pulsatile Exophthalmous ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 35 ANATOMY Posterior Triangle of Neck ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 36 ANATOMY Anterior Triangle of Neck Subclavian Artery ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 37 ANATOMY External Carotid Artery (ECA) Carotid tubercle or chassiagnacs tubercle : anterior tubercle of transverse process of C6 ( Palpations of common carotid artery) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 38 ANATOMY Facial Artery Maxillary Artery ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 39 ANATOMY Veins of Face Dangerous area of Face ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 40 ANATOMY Parotid Gland Structures passing though parotid gland Parotid duct opening Submandibular gland opening sublingual gland opening Pharynx Killians Dehiscence ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 41 ANATOMY Larynx Cartilages of Larynx Muscles of Larynx ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 42 ANATOMY Chapter 3. General Embryology Phases of Development Pre embryonic Embryonic Fetal Gametogenesis Spermatogenesis Location Duration ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 43 ANATOMY Oogenesis 1st Week ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 44 ANATOMY 2nd Week ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 45 ANATOMY 3rd Week ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 46 ANATOMY Development of Diaphragm CDH Absense of Pleuroperitoneal Membrane ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 47 ANATOMY CNS Embryology Neurulation NCC derivatives ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 48 ANATOMY GUT embryology Umbilical cord Foregut ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 49 ANATOMY Development of pancreas ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 50 ANATOMY Rotation of gut Mid gut Omphalocele ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 51 ANATOMY Hind gut ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 52 ANATOMY Development of Urinary bladder Development of kidney Development of Urethra ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 53 ANATOMY Derivatives of wolffian duct Derivatives of mullerian duct ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 54 ANATOMY CVS embryology Development of heat ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 55 ANATOMY Development of venous system Development of Arterial system ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 56 ANATOMY Development of Interatrial septum Development of Interventricular septum ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 57 ANATOMY Head and neck embryology Ectodermal clefts Endodermal Pouches ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 58 ANATOMY Pharyngeal arches ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 59 ANATOMY Development of Face ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 60 ANATOMY Chapter 4. Upper Limb Clavicle Peculiarities of Clavicle  It is the only long bone that lies horizontally.  There is no medullary cavity.  It is the first bone to start ossifying.  It is the last bone to complete ossification.  It is the only long bone which ossifies in membrane (except for medial end)  It is the only long bone which has 2 primary centres and 1 secondary centre of ossification.  Most commonly fractured between lateral 1/3rd and medial 2/3rd ( lateral 2/5th and medial 3/5th) Brachial Plexus Origin : Parts : 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 61 ANATOMY Note 1. Latissimus dorsi muscle is aka ________________ 2. Serratus anterior muscle is aka _______________ 3. Root Value 4. Accessory phrenic nerve is a branch of _____________________ 5. Which of the following is a branch from the trunk of brachial plexus ? a) Suprascapular nerve b) Nerve to Subclavius Erb’s Paralysis  Injury to Upper trunk of brachial plexus.  Nerve root involved is C5 C6  Nerves involved : Axillary Nerve, Musculocutaneous nerve and Suprascapular nerve.  Causes : Birth injury and Fall on shoulder.  Sign: Policeman’s tip hand/ Waiter’s tip hand / Porter’s tip hand Arm : adducted and medially rotated Elbow : Extended Forearm : pronated Fingers : flexed Klumpke’s Paralysis & Horner’s Syndrome  Injury to lower trunk of brachial plexus  Nerve root involved is C8 T1  Nerves involved : ulnar nerve and median nerve  Cause : hyperabduction of arm  Sign : Claw Hand Hyperextension of metacarpophalangeal joint Flexion at interphalangeal joint  Horner’s Syndome: (Ptosis Miosis Anhydrosis) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 62 ANATOMY Winging of Scapula & Serratus Anterior Muscle  Injury to long thoracic nerve.(serratus anterior muscle is involved)  Medial border of scapula becomes more prominent. Major nerves Axillary Nerve Origin Supply Clinical Correlation ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 63 ANATOMY Musculocutaneous Nerve Origin Supply Note Muscles of hand ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 64 ANATOMY Ulnar Nerve Origin Course and Supply ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 65 ANATOMY Median Nerve Origin Course and Supply ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 66 ANATOMY Radial Nerve Origin Course and Supply ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 67 ANATOMY. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 68 ANATOMY. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 69 ANATOMY. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 70 ANATOMY. EPL AbPL EPB ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 71 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 72 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 73 ANATOMY Rotator Cuff Abduction of Arm ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 74 ANATOMY Carpal Bones Carpal Tunnel & Flexor Retinaculum ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 75 ANATOMY Cubital Fossa Axillary Artery ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 76 ANATOMY Scapular Anastomosis Dermatome of Upper limb ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 77 ANATOMY Chapter 5. Lower Limb Lumbosacral Plexus ( Major nerves ) Note :................................. is known as NERVI FURCALIS because it forms a link nerve between lumbar and sacral plexus. Major Nerves Lower Limb Compartment Nerve Supply Anterior Compartment Thigh Medial Compartment Posterior Compartment Anterior Compartment Leg Lateral Compartment Posterior Compartment Foot ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 78 ANATOMY Sciatic Nerve  Sciatic Nerve can be described as 2 individual nerves bundled together in same connective tissue sheath -......................................... +.........................................  Origin :  Course : Sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis and enters the gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen (inferior to PIRFORMIS muscle) Posterior compartment of thigh Terminates by bifurcating into the tibial and common peroneal nerve at the apex of popliteal fossa ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 79 ANATOMY...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 80 ANATOMY Sensory supply Plantar Surface Dorsum of foot ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 81 ANATOMY Clinical correlation Femoral Nerve Origin : Course & Supply : ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 82 ANATOMY Obturator Nerve Origin : Course & Supply : Inversion of foot Inversion of foot Eversion of foot Elevation of.......................border Elevation of.......................border of foot. of foot. Muscles: Muscles: 1) 1) 2) 2) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 83 ANATOMY PES ANSERINUS / GUY ROPES / GOOSE FOOT It is the broad conjoint tendon of insertion of Sartorius, Gracilis and Semitendinosus muscles, on the medial surface of the proximal tibia. Lumbar Plexus (Minor nerves) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 84 ANATOMY Genitofemoral Nerve (GFN) Cremasteric Reflex Stroking of the skin of inner part of thigh causes the cremasteric muscle to contract and pull up the ipsilateral testicle toward the inguinal canal. Nerve of cremasteric reflex  Afferent : femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve supplies to skin of upper and medial aspect of thigh.  Efferent : genital branch of genitofemoral nerve supplies to cremasteric muscle. Femoral branch of GFN is anesthetized in femoral vein cannulation. Meralgia Paresthetica (Lat. Cut. Nerve of Thigh) Lateral Cutaneous nerve of thigh is compressed deep to inguinal ligament (obesity, Pregnancy or tight clothing) Numbness, tingling, burning, pain or stabbing sensation on lateral side of thigh Meralgia Paresthetica ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 85 ANATOMY Gluteal Region Muscle Nerve Supply Action Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Gemellus Superior Obturator Internus Gemellus Inferior Quadratus Femoris ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 86 ANATOMY Trendelenburg’s Sign + ve When only the right foot is supporting the body weight, the unsupported side of the pelvis is normally raised by the opposite gluteus medius and minimus. If the right gluteus medius and minimus are paralyzed, the unsupported left side of the pelvis drops. (Pelvis falls or sags to the opposite side of lesion) Positive Trendelenburg’s Sign  Lurching gait ( if unilateral sagging)  Waddling gait (if bilateral sagging ) Safest quadrant for intramuscular injection is upper and outer quadrant Attachments on femur  Inguinal ligament/Poupart’s ligament extends from ASIS to Pubic Tubercle.  MID INGUINAL POINT is midpoint between ASIS and Pubic Symphysis. ( Femoral Artery ) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 87 ANATOMY Iliotibial tract Structures passing through Greater Sciatic Foramen ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 88 ANATOMY. Pudenal Nerve block Femoral Triangle ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 89 ANATOMY Femoral Sheath ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 90 ANATOMY Femoral Ring Adductor Canal ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 91 ANATOMY Popliteal Fossa  Medial meniscus is more prone to injury  Cruciate ligament provides anterior and posterior stability  Medial / Tibial collateral ligament is the remnant of adductor magnus  Lateral / Fibular collateral ligament is the remnant of peroneus longus  Locking : Quadriceps femoris (vastus medialis ) occurs at the end of extension  Unlocking : Popliteus occurs at the beginning of flexion  Clergymans knee : infrapatellar bursitis  Housemaids knee : Prepatellar bursitis  Terrible Triad  Capsule of knee joint is supplied by genicular branch of obturator nerve ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 92 ANATOMY Tarsal Bones Ankle joint Note: Most stable postion of foot is dorsiflexion  Spring ligament ( Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament)  Supports head of talus ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 93 ANATOMY Tarsal tunnel ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 94 ANATOMY Chapter 6. Thorax Thoracic Wall Ant: Post: Lat: Sternal angle/angle of LOUIS It is between manubrium and body of sternum At the level of lower border of T4 2nd rib articulates at sternal angle ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 95 ANATOMY Intercostal Space 1) Interostal muscles a) b) c) 2) Neurovascular bundle is between _____________________and ________________________. 3) Arrangement of Neurovascular bundle Applied Aspect: Pleural Tapping Structures Peirced ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 96 ANATOMY Intercostal artery. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 97 ANATOMY Intercostal vein & Azygous Vein ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 98 ANATOMY Intercostal Nerve Pericardium ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 99 ANATOMY Position of Heart ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 100 ANATOMY Coronary Circulation ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 101 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 102 ANATOMY Veins of Heart ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 103 ANATOMY Right Atrium Right Ventricle ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 104 ANATOMY Pleura and pleural Recess It consists of two layers i.e. Parietal pleura and Visceral pleura separated by pleural cavity. Pleural Recess 1) 2) Applied Aspect: ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 105 ANATOMY Tracheo Bronchial Tree Tracheobronchial angle Right – 25 degree Left – 45 degree Right primary bronchus – shorter, wider and in line with trachea ( more vertical) Due to this foreign bodies commonly goes to right principle bronchus (right lung) ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 106 ANATOMY Bronchopulmonary segments  Def: Part of the lung aerated by ________________________________  Number:  Shape: ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 107 ANATOMY Root of lungs ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 108 ANATOMY - Structure which arches over the hilum of right lung – arch of azygous vein - structure which arches over the hilum of left lung – arch of aorta Bronchial Arteries  Bronchial Artery supplies till...............................................................  Right Lung-  Left Lung- Mediastinal Surface of lungs ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 109 ANATOMY Thoracic Duct NOT drained by thoracic duct  Right side of head and neck.  Right side of thoracic wall  Right lung  Right half of heart  Convex surface of liver  Right upper limb Mediastinum ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 110 ANATOMY Oesophagus Oesophageal constrictions Suprapleural Membrane /Sibson’s Fascia ∙ Diaphragm of superior thoracic aperture. ∙ Attachments Apex: Base : Relations Superiorly: Inferiorly : ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 111 ANATOMY Chapter 7. Abdomen Regions of Abdomen Layers of the anterior abdominal wall 1. 2. a. b. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 112 ANATOMY Anterior Abdominal Wall ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 113 ANATOMY Inguinal Canal ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 114 ANATOMY Inguinal Canal (Male) Inguinal Canal (Female) Inguinal Hernia Indirect Indirect ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 115 ANATOMY Hesselbach’s Triangle ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 116 ANATOMY Rectus Abdominis & Pyramidalis Muscle Rectus Sheath ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 117 ANATOMY Posterior Abdominal Wall ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 118 ANATOMY Openings of Diaphragm V O A ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 119 ANATOMY Abdominal Aorta ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 120 ANATOMY Celiac Trunk ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 121 ANATOMY Superior Mesenteric Artery ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 122 ANATOMY Inferior Mesenteric Artery SMA & IMA. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 123 ANATOMY Portal Vein Inferior Vena Cava ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 124 ANATOMY Portocaval Anastomosis ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 125 ANATOMY Stomach Liver ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 126 ANATOMY Spleen ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 127 ANATOMY Kidney Kidney – Post. Relations ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 128 ANATOMY Peritoneum ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 129 ANATOMY Chapter 8. Pelvis and perineum ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 130 ANATOMY Pelvic Diaphragm Normal ano-rectal angle is a) 70° b) 90° c) 120° d) 150° Ano-Rectal Angle ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 131 ANATOMY UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGM PERINEAL BODY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 132 ANATOMY ISCHIORECTAL FOSSA/ISCHIOANAL FOSSA ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 133 ANATOMY Extravasation of Urine ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 134 ANATOMY Chapter 9. Types of Joints Fibrous Joints ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 135 ANATOMY Cartilaginous Joints All symphyses occur in the midline (mandibular, manubriosternal, pubic and intervertebral) and all except the mandibular symphysis occur in the postcranial skeleton and resist synostosis. The mandibular symphysis (symphysis menti) is histologically different from the other symphyses; however, the widespread use of this descriptive term ensures that it remains, perhaps inappropriately, within this category. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 136 ANATOMY Synovial Joints ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 137 ANATOMY. ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 138 ANATOMY EPITHELIUM GUT LINING EPITHELIUM Gingiva & hard Keratinized/Para-keratinized stratified squamous palate epithelium Lips, cheek, alveolar mucosa, floor of mouth, Non-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium inferior surface of tongue & soft palate Dorsum of tongue Non-Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Oesophagus Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Stomach Simple columnar epithelium (surface mucous cells) Small intestine Tall columnar with striated border Large intestine Tall columnar with striated border Colorectal zone Simple columnar epithelium ATZ Stratified columnar epithelium Squamous zone Stratified squamous epithelium ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 139 ANATOMY RESPIRATORY TRACT LINING EPITHELIUM Nasal mucosa Paranasal sinuses Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium Larynx Trachea Bronchus Proximal bronchiole Terminal Ciliated cuboidal epithelium (no goblet cells) bronchiole Respiratory Non ciliated cuboidal epithelium bronchiole Alveolus Simple Squamous epithelium URINARY TRACT LINING EPITHELIUM Bowman’s capsule Simple squamous epi PCT Cuboidal with brush border Thick descending limb Cuboidal with brush border Loop of Henle (thin limb) Squamous with few microvilli Thick ascending limb Cuboidal with no brush border DCT Cuboidal with no brush border Collecting ducts Cuboidal to columnar Minor calyx Major calyx Transitional epi Renal pelvis Ureter Bladder Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Pseudostratified columnar epi Spongy urethra Pseudostratified columnar epi Terminal urethra Stratified squamous epi ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 140 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 141 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 142 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 143 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 144 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 145 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 146 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 147 ANATOMY ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY 148 The cadaver is a silent mentor, teaching us the delicate balance between life and death, health an disease. william harvey ARISE-Chennai ARISE-Delhi +91-89779 41723, +91-89779 42723 +91-95600228-36 / 37 / 38 WRITE TO US: ARISE-Hyderabad ARISE- Jaipur +91-76809 29292, +91-7396757585 +91 9929113115 / 9929113116 ARISE-Kerala (Kannur) +91-96337 99504, +91-8136932666