ABA 100 Quiz Questions PDF

Quiz 1 - Course Intro Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a branch of psychology. True False Upon successful completion of the Bachelor's degree in Applied Behavior Analysis, students have met the academic requirements to become... a.​ Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA) b.​ Board Certif...

Quiz 1 - Course Intro Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a branch of psychology. True False Upon successful completion of the Bachelor's degree in Applied Behavior Analysis, students have met the academic requirements to become... a.​ Board Certified Behavior Analysts (BCBA) b.​ Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analysts (BCaBA) c.​ Behavior Interventionists (BIs) d.​ Behavior Therapists (BTs) e.​ Instructor Therapists f.​ Registered Behavior Technicians SAFMEDS stands for Say-All-Fast-Minute-Every-Day-Shuffle True False Quiz 2 - Overview of ABA Summary labels (e.g., personality, self esteem, etc.) are... (select all that apply). a.​ Refer to phenomena that exist in the natural world and thus can be quantitatively measured. b.​ Are considered "explanatory fictions" because they appear to explain behavioral phenomena (e.g., attribute painting a picture to being creative) but all they do is summarize patterns of behavior. c.​ Efficient ways to speak... because they imply a variety of underlying behaviors that lead to the summary label being used and most people quickly and easily understand them. d.​ May carry negative connotations (e.g., she's unreliable). Which dimension of behavior is often the most subjectively measured (unless specialized equipment is available)? a.​ Duration b.​ Magnitude c.​ Latency d.​ Frequency or count As clearly stated in the lecture, this course will be primarily about Pavlovian conditioning of behavior. True False Select all of the responses for which duration would be the appropriate measure. a.​ How long it takes you to read 25 pages. b.​ How long you spend on Tik Tok. c.​ How long you spend studying. d.​ How long you spend sleeping. The science of Behavior Analysis is different from the rest of psychology because it is ONLY concerned with overt, visible behavior that occurs "outside the skin". It does not ever account for internal, private events. True False A 50 year old man visits his medical doctor to review recent blood work and she congratulates him on having reduced his cholesterol level. Way to go! Having lower cholesterol is an example of an overt, visible, measurable behavior. True False "Behavior" is anything a person says or does and includes which of the following? Select all that apply. a.​ muscular activity b.​ electrical activity c.​ glandular activity d.​ cellular activity Behavior change interventions based on Applied Behavior Analysis seek to... select one. a.​ Bring about individual behavior change by modifying the environment. b.​ Bring about change by altering personality variables. c.​ Bring about change by modifying psychological variables. d.​ Bring about change by altering neurochemistry. e.​ Bring about change by altering the genetic profile of the person. A characteristic of Behavior Modification is the techniques, while they may be developed by specialists (e.g., Board Certified Behavior Analysts or BCBAs), can be taught to and implemented by anyone... including teachers, parents, coaches, etc. True False We learned that Pavlovian conditioning is referred to using a variety of terms including (select all that apply). a.​ Respondent conditioning b.​ Classical conditioning c.​ Restrictive conditioning d.​ Reflexive conditioning Quiz 3 - Behavioural Assessment Most behavioral assessment data is analyzed using statistical software packages like SPSS, MatLab, R, or SAS. True False The advantage of indirect assessments over direct or experimental assessments are that indirect procedures are... select all that apply. a.​ Are cheaper b.​ Are the most reliable c.​ Are convenient d.​ Allow you to see the target behavior(s) for yourself You are a Behavior Analyst and are asked to help a teacher address the challenging behavior of a grade 6 student. As part of your assessment, you interview the teacher, ask her questions about the student's behavior, and ask her to describe and model the problem(s). Which type of behavioral assessment procedure are you using? Select the best option. a.​ Indirect b.​ Experimental manipulation c.​ Direct d.​ Role-play Which of the following are potential goals of behavioral assessment? a.​ To identify the potential maintaining causes/consequences of challenging behavior(s) b.​ To gather baseline data against which progress during treatment/intervention may be assessed c.​ To diagnose or classify people d.​ To determine personality variables that may be impacting behavior A classroom teacher wants your advice on which type of data to collect for student on-task behavior throughout the day. She wants a system that will be pretty easy to use. What do you recommend? a.​ Interval b.​ Time-sampling c.​ Fixed interval d.​ Continuous Inter-Observer Agreement (IOA) is when two different people observe at the same time and collect data on the occurrence or non-occurrence of a target behavior, in order to assess... a.​ trustworthiness b.​ temporal contiguity c.​ accuracy d.​ reliability In order to improve my public speaking, I ask you to observe my lecture and record each instance of me saying, "Um...". At the end of the lecture you give the total. What characteristic of behavior did you record? a.​ Duration b.​ Latency c.​ Frequency d.​ Time sample When an observation period is divided into equal segments of relatively short duration and the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a specific behavior is recorded a maximum of once per segment, we say that a(n) __________ recording system is in effect. a.​ Fixed interval b.​ Fixed-duration c.​ Interval d.​ Event sampling e.​ Time sampling What do you call the time between the Professor saying, "You may begin the midterm exam!" and when you read the first question? a.​ Timing b.​ Latency c.​ Temporal distribution d.​ Frequency e.​ Duration You use a stopwatch to measure the amount of time that a particular behavior lasts or continues. This is called _____________ of a response. a.​ frequency b.​ latency c.​ duration d.​ rate e.​ time Quiz 4 - Reinforcement Money is the best example of a simple, generalized conditioned reinforcer. True False This week we learned about Motivating Operations. Select the following which are true about motivating operations. a.​ They have behavior altering effects b.​ You can increase the value of a consequence by creating a state of deprivation for that consequence c.​ It is very likely to be morally/legally/ethically wrong to create states of deprivation for some things (e.g., oxygen) d.​ They have value altering effects e.​ They are always in effect, are highly dynamic, and constantly shifting or changing Richard is working in his office with the window open. A short time later the landscapers arrive and start working outside, creating a lot of noise which disturbs Richard's work, so he closes the window which terminates the noise and allows him to resume working productively. In the future, he's more likely to close the window when it is noisy outside and he needs to get some work done. This is an example of negative reinforcement. True False Reinforcement is... (choose all that apply) a.​ A basic principle of operant conditioning/learning b.​ A law of behavior c.​ A recent discovery by Premack in the 1970s d.​ a principle that may or may not be effectively implemented depending on many variables or factors If you want a reinforcement procedure to be effective, you should (select all that apply)... a.​ Ensure sufficient magnitude of reinforcement b.​ Augment the reinforcement program with the addition of rules but only for people with very weak cognitive/linguistic capabilities c.​ Use the "10 cent test" if you use financial reinforcers d.​ Make the target behavior as specific as possible For someone who has not eaten for 24 hours, food would be a __________ reinforcer, as it is naturally reinforcing in and of itself. a.​ back-up b.​ primary c.​ conditioned d.​ secondary You work at a job that pays you every 2 weeks. Your bi-weekly pay is an example of... (select all that apply)? a.​ A conditioned reinforcer b.​ Non-contingent reinforcement c.​ A primary reinforcer d.​ Contingent reinforcement Whenever Fred wears his Capilano hoodie, he gets lots of compliments. He has started wearing this hoodie more often. This is an example of positive reinforcement for Capilano hoodie wearing behavior. True False A positive reinforcer is defined as... a.​ An event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to increase in frequency b.​ An event which is preferred by the individual c.​ An event which is condoned by society as positive and beneficial d.​ An event which, when presented immediately before a behavior, causes the behavior to increase in frequency Breanna is a social media influencer! She posts on multiple platforms and her posts are constantly liked/shared hundreds of times per day. Each time this happens, her phone chimes with a notification... but she's getting so many notifications it has become disruptive. So she turns off the notifications on one app and the annoying notifications stop. This is such a relief that she turns off the notifications on all her other apps. This is an example of positive reinforcement for turning off notifications. True False Quiz 5 - Operant Extinction You can use an extinction procedure on any target behavior, including new behaviors with no history of reinforcement. True False Ignoring a behavior is the same as putting it on extinction. True False Whenever Richard enters his office at CapU, he opens the window to get some fresh air. One day, however, the window won't open when he tries. He persists for a bit and then gives up. The next day he tries again and it still won't open. In the future he's less likely to try opening his window. This is an example of extinction. True False When Bob's alarm clock goes off early in the morning, his dog starts barking, which wakes up his whole family (they are not happy with him). So Bob stops setting his alarm. This is an example of extinction. True False Select all that apply: a.​ A response that is put on extinction will tend to decrease to low/zero rates. b.​ Extinction is the same process as punishment. c.​ During extinction a response can occur but it won't be reinforced. d.​ Extinction of a target response requires a history of reinforcement for that response. Extinction requires... a.​ The ability to withhold attention in all conditions b.​ Correct identification of the reinforcer maintaining the response you want to weaken via extinction c.​ The ability to effectively control the environment to withhold the reinforcer when the response occurs d.​ Knowledge of the person's linguistic and cognitive abilities to understand extinction While it may help to explain an extinction program/contingency to a person who has the cognitive and linguistic sophistication to understand the procedure, it is not necessary for the program to work. Said another way, if you stop reinforcing a response that response will weaken and stop even if the person does not understand what is going on. True False Some behaviors are reinforced on a rich or continuous schedule of reinforcement. For example, your car turns on almost every time you press the ignition or turn the key. Your lights almost always turn on when you flick the switch. Other behaviors are maintained by a lean or intermittent schedule of reinforcement. That is, they only sometimes "pay off". For example, checking your messages is not always reinforced by seeing a new message. However, none of this matters when it comes to extinction. Regardless of the history of the reinforcement schedule, all of these responses will reduce at the same rate. True False As discussed in the lecture, it is prudent to plan for the occurrence of an extinction burst but they do not always occur. True False If spontaneous recovery occurs, it ALWAYS comes before the extinction burst. True False Quiz 6 - Shaping and Chaining Which is the correct definition of shaping? (pick the 1 best answer) a.​ Differential reinforcement of successive approximations to a target (terminal) behavior. b.​ Differential extinction of successive approximations to a target response. c.​ Differentially reinforcing approximations of a target response. d.​ Using reinforcement to morph an approximation to a terminal/goal behavior or response. e.​ Alternating reinforcement and extinction of successive approximations of a target response. Across several practices, a sprinter is reinforced for starting more and more quickly to the sound of the starter’s pistol. This is an example of ___________ shaping. a.​ Magnitude b.​ Topography c.​ Latency d.​ Duration e.​ Intensity A child is reinforced for saying “wa-wa,” then “watah,” and finally, “water.” In this example, ____________ has been shaped. a.​ Frequency b.​ Magnitude c.​ Topography d.​ Latency Shaping would not be the procedure of choice for: a.​ Changing the topography of a behavior b.​ Decreasing the latency of a behavior c.​ Increasing the frequency of a behavior d.​ Linking a series of different behaviors together As described in the lecture, shaping can be conceived of as...  a.​ A series of steps (like a staircase) where the first step is the first approximation and the top step is the final/terminal response. b.​ A square, where one side is reinforcement, the second side is extinction, the third side is punishment, and the fourth side is topography. c.​ A triangle where the 3 points represent reinforcement, extinction, and successive approximations. d.​ A circle that starts with the first approximation followed by differential extinction to close the circle. Behavioral chaining is linking a series or sequence of discrete/different behaviors in a stimulus-response chain where each link in the chain is the cue/SD for the next link and reinforcer for the previous link/response. The final link in the chain is the terminal reinforcer that establishes all the links in the chain. True False A chaining method in which the client is required to attempt each of the steps in the chain from the beginning to the end on each trial is referred to as: a.​ Pure part chaining b.​ Forward chaining c.​ Total task chaining d.​ Backward chaining Research supports total task chaining as the most effective chaining procedure overall. True False The process of breaking a task down into smaller steps or component responses to facilitate training refers to: a.​ Molecular Analysis b.​ Task Analysis c.​ Component Analysis d.​ Chain Analysis A teacher gradually withdraws her physical guidance that was used to help a child in kindergarten learn to trace the letter ‘A.’ Eventually the child can trace the letter by herself. This is an example of (consider your text book!): a.​ Prompting b.​ Fading c.​ Shaping d.​ Chaining Quiz 7 - Schedules of Reinforcement If Fred does the dishes within 30 minutes of arriving home from work each day, Wilma will give him a frosty beer. What is the correct notation for this schedule of reinforcement? a.​ FI / LH 30 min b.​ VI / LH 30 min c.​ VI / LH d.​ FI / LH Continuous reinforcement (CR) means you reinforce each instance of a target response. Extinction means you no longer deliver reinforcement for that response. Intermittent reinforcement means you only reinforce some, but not all, instances of responding. True False Continuous Reinforcement (CR) is functionally the same as which one of the following? a.​ FR1 b.​ Extinction c.​ FI1 d.​ VI1 e.​ VR1 Think about this... it IS possible to have a Variable Ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. TRUE = yes it is possible FALSE - no it is not possible True False Which schedule of reinforcement produces behavior that: tends to accelerate towards the end of the interval, show a post-reinforcement pause, and produces graphed data that is described as "scallop shaped"? a.​ Fixed Ratio (FR) b.​ Fixed Interval (FI) c.​ Variable Ratio (VR) d.​ Variable Interval (VI) Which schedule of reinforcement produces behavior characterized by consistent, rapid responding interrupted by a post-reinforcement pause and where the larger the ratio the longer the post-reinforcement pause? a.​ Fixed Ratio (FR) b.​ Fixed Interval (FI) c.​ Variable Ratio (VR) d.​ Variable Interval (VI) In general... It is advisable to use continuous reinforcement to establish a new skill but then fade out to some schedule of intermittent reinforcement to maintain responding. True False What happens if you suddenly and drastically increase the requirements for reinforcement in a ratio schedule (e.g., going from FR10 to FR100)? Select ALL that apply. a.​ A phenomena called Ratio Strain b.​ Nothing happens... responding should continue c.​ The person may stop responding d.​ Aggressive behavior... it's frustrating when "the rules change" and the required response effort increases. Which schedule of reinforcement produces responding at the highest consistent rate and which is NOT characterized by a post reinforcement pause? On a graph, this would tend to have the steepest slope compared to the other schedules of reinforcement. a.​ Fixed Ratio (FR) b.​ Variable Ratio (VR) c.​ Variable Interval (VI) d.​ Fixed Interval (FI) Which of the following are TRUE about extinction? Select ALL that apply. a.​ Behaviors maintained by continuous reinforcement are likely to extinguish faster than behaviors maintained by schedules of intermittent reinforcement. b.​ During extinction, the person or animal is still able to engage in the target response... but it won't yield the previously available reinforcer. c.​ Implementing extinction means severing/cutting the existing response-consequence relationship. d.​ Behaviors maintained on a lean schedule of intermittent reinforcement might be more resistant to extinction than behaviors on a denser schedule of reinforcement. Quiz 8 - Stimulus Control Stimulus control is about the environmental stimuli that signal the availability (or not) of reinforcement for specific behaviors. And we are always surrounded by these signals. What is another term you can use to understand stimulus control? a.​ Stimulus control is about rules for behavior. b.​ Stimulus control is about the cues in the environment. c.​ Stimulus control is solely about the consequences of behavior.  d.​ Stimulus control is about how one understands what they are supposed to do. Stimulus control results when a specific response/behavior is reinforced in the presence of a particular stimulus and not others. True False Stimulus control occurs when a consequence stimulus (e.g., reinforcement) begins to exert control over the behavior/response. True False SD's (discriminative stimuli) signal the availability of reinforcement for a response. They are signals to do the behavior. S-Deltas signal the lack of availability of reinforcement for a response. They are signals that engaging in the response will not result in access to reinforcement. True False You want to purchase a Coke from a drink machine. But there is a flashing red light that tells you the machine is out of Coke. That flashing red light is a... a.​ MO b.​ S-Delta c.​ AO d.​ SD e.​ DS Freddy is a 4 year old boy. His parents bought him an iPad and he loves it! He now calls all tablet devices "iPads" (even though some are made by Lenovo, Microsoft, Samsung, etc.). In behavioral terms, he is demonstrating... a.​ Stimulus generalization b.​ Stimulus responding c.​ Conceptual knowledge d.​ Narrow stimulus control or discrimination While teaching a child to obtain the appropriate coloured object when the teacher said either “blue” or “green,” the teacher’s pointing to the correct object on a teaching trial would be an example of: a.​ An environmental prompt b.​ A physical prompt c.​ A modelling prompt d.​ A gestural prompt If a parent tries to teach a child to hold a pencil and make a line on a piece of paper by physically guiding the child’s hand, and if over successive trials the physical guidance is gradually lessened to the point where the child will be able to draw a line without any help whatsoever, the parent is using: a.​ An extinction procedure b.​ A fading procedure c.​ A reinforcement procedure According to the lecture, what is the greatest predictor of learning? a.​ Repetition with reinforcement! b.​ A discrimination training procedure! c.​ Effective prompting and fading! d.​ Using positive reinforcement! If a person has the cognitive and linguistic sophistication to understand rules, then it is NOT recommended to use rules to help establish stimulus control. Rather, the development of stimulus control should be entirely contingency-shaped (i.e., learned via experience vs verbal descriptions of contingencies). True False The most efficient way to develop stimulus control (learning) is via trial-and-error. True False SHAPING involves the gradual change of a behavior while the stimulus stays the same. FADING involves the gradual change of the controlling stimulus while the behavior remains the same. True False Quiz 9 - Antecedent Control A behavior that has been gradually strengthened by the direct-acting effect of reinforcement is said to be: a.​ Stimulus controlled b.​ Instinctive c.​ Contingency shaped d.​ Rule-governed A description of a three-term contingency is referred to as a(n):  a.​ Contingency-shaped behavior b.​ Rule c.​ Partial rule d.​ Rule-governed behavior A rule is less likely to be followed if it identifies: a.​ A specific behavior b.​ A deadline c.​ A probable consequence d.​ A small consequence Using physical contact to guide someone through appropriate behavior is called: a.​ Gestural prompting b.​ Physical guidance c.​ Escorted facilitation d.​ Participant modeling e.​ Modeling Which of the following is not an example of antecedent control? (Select all that apply) a.​ Modeling b.​ Physical guidance c.​ Positive reinforcement d.​ Extinction e.​ Situational inducement According to Suzie’s teacher, “Suzie is a good student because she is highly motivated.” This is an example of ____________ view of motivation. a.​ Michael's b.​ A traditional c.​ Skinner's d.​ a behavioral Think hard about this one... With unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs): a.​ Both the value-altering and behavior altering effects are learned b.​ Both the value-altering and behavior altering effects are innate c.​ The value-altering effect is learned and the behavior altering effect is innate d.​ The value-altering effect is innate and the behavior altering effect is learned A customer goes up to the bar in a restaurant and asks for a double Scotch on the rocks. The request by the customer is an example of a(n): a.​ Tact b.​ Mand  c.​ Echoics d.​ Autoclitic e.​ Intraverbal Which of the following is NOT an example of Situational Inducement so Richard remembers his passport when he goes to the airport? a.​ The first thing Richard does when he starts packing is put his passport in his carryon bag. b.​ Richard's wife reminds him the night before his trip to remember his passport. c.​ Richard puts his passport in his shoe at the front door before he has to leave the house. d.​ Richard puts his passport in his jacket pocket the night before. Freddy really likes Coke and has often purchased Coke from Coke machines. Freddy is currently very thirsty and standing in front of a functioning Coke machine that is full of Coke bottles. Each bottle costs $2. Freddy has $2 in his hand. Which of the following are true (select all that apply)? a.​ The AO is present. b.​ The S-delta is present. c.​ This is an extinction paradigm. d.​ The SD is present. e.​ The EO is present. Quiz 10 - Differential Reinforcement Differential reinforcement rests on the idea or theory that people tend to do more of what is reinforced and less of what is not reinforced. So differential reinforcement is about explicitly reinforcing appropriate/desired behavior while implementing extinction for inappropriate behavior. True False Which of the following are ways of weakening or decreasing behaviors? a.​ Differential reinforcement of zero rates (DRO) b.​ Punishment c.​ Negative Reinforcement d.​ Extinction A grade 5 student is constantly asking to use the bathroom. The teacher wants to reduce the bathroom requests to no more than 1 per class period. Which DR procedure will you recommend? a.​ Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)  b.​ Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) - spaced responding c.​ Differential reinforcement of other/zero responding (DRO) d.​ Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) - limited responding Which of the following are TRUE about DRO? a.​ A limitation of DRO is that it does not teach any new behavior. b.​ DRO can be used to reduce a problem behavior, regardless of why that behavior is occurring. In other words, DRO is insensitive to the function of problem behavior. c.​ For DRO to work, the reinforcer for the absence of the problem behavior must be very powerful! d.​ A DRO on a 5 second interval could hypothetically be effective BUT is really impractical in the real world. A limitation of DRO is that while you are reinforcing the absence (zero occurrence) of a target response, other problem behaviors can be emitted and reinforced. Therefore, you might see a reduction in the target behavior BUT an increase in other types of problems! True False Efriam is an elementary school student. He obtains peer attention by swearing at them. His "behavior specialist" recommends teaching him to give "hi 5s" and using a DR procedure to reinforce "Hi 5s" while placing swearing on extinction. Which Differential Reinforcement procedure does this sound like? a.​ DRA b.​ DRI c.​ DRO d.​ DRL Which of the following DR procedures is useful for teaching an appropriate replacement behavior, that will reduce the occurrence of an inappropriate/problem behavior, and achieve the same functional outcome for the learner as the original problem behavior? a.​ DRL b.​ DRO c.​ DRI d.​ DRA This was not the first week you heard about differential reinforcement! Which other behavioral principle that we have previously learned about included differential reinforcement in the definition? Pick one. a.​ Shaping  b.​ Extinction c.​ Stimulus control d.​ Chaining e.​ Schedules of reinforcement When implementing a Differential Reinforcement (DR) procedure, if your learner/client has the cognitive and linguistic sophistication to benefit from and understand rules, it is a good idea to use rules. True False The best Differential Reinforcement (DR) procedure for reducing a target behavior to low but acceptable levels is _______________________________________. a.​ DRA b.​ DRI c.​ DRO d.​ DRL Quiz 11 - Punishment, Escape and Avoidance An event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to decrease in future frequency, is referred to as a(n): a.​ Punishment b.​ Extinction c.​ SDP d.​ Punisher When Albert is off task for a math lecture and goofing around with the student beside him, his teacher sends him to an empty desk at the back of the class. This sounds most like which one of the following? Pick the best option. a.​ Response cost b.​ Exclusionary time out c.​ Punishment d.​ Non-exclusionary time out Imagine if your university professor charged you $1 for being late to class... which resulted in late arrivals decreasing to zero. Which punishment procedure does this sound like? Pick the most technically accurate option. a.​ Time-out b.​ Social disapproval c.​ Response cost  d.​ A fine A SDP signals the likelihood of punishment, S-delta signals the absence of reinforcement, and SD signals the availability of reinforcement. True False Punishment is the same as: a.​ Escape conditioning b.​ None of the above c.​ Negative reinforcement d.​ Avoidance conditioning Another name for escape conditioning is... a.​ Discriminated avoidance conditioning b.​ Negative reinforcement c.​ Punishment d.​ Sidman's escape conditioning Escape conditioning and positive reinforcement are similar in that... a.​ Both lead to an increase in the likelihood of behavior occurring b.​ Both involve aversive events c.​ Both cause fear as a side effect d.​ both involve reinforcers A child screams loudly in a restaurant, causing some embarrassment for the parent. The parent gives the child an extra dessert, and the child is quiet. The parent’s behavior of giving the extra dessert has been influenced by... a.​ Escape conditioning b.​ Punishment c.​ Avoidance conditioning d.​ Positive reinforcement Which of the following are TRUE about punishment (select all that apply)? a.​ When you implement punishment you may see a punishment burst, similar to an extinction burst. b.​ Using punishment may result in the person being punished becoming fearful of you and trying to escape from or avoid you. c.​ For certified Behavior Analysts (e.g., Board Certified Behavior Analysts or BCBAs), there are tight controls on the use of punishment and reinforcement-based procedures should be exhausted first.  d.​ When punishment works, it tends to result in a fairly rapid reduction in the targeted behavior. Which of the following are UNTRUE about punishment? a.​ Punishment teaches the person what they should do instead. b.​ Punishment leads to a slow and gradual reduction in the punished behavior, very similar to a response that undergoes extinction. c.​ If you use punishment (assuming the use meets all ethical and legal requirements), you should use an effective magnitude of punishment (that is, don't dabble in weak punishers) and apply it consistently (otherwise you are introducing intermittent reinforcement!). d.​ Punishment may lead to a "slippery slope" where the person applying punishment starts using more and more intrusive and intense forms of punishment... may become a violation of the person's human rights and dignity. Quiz 12 - Generalization When behavior becomes more probable in the presence of one stimulus or situation as a result of having been reinforced in the presence of another stimulus or situation, we say that _____________ has occurred. a.​ Stimulus Control b.​ Stimulus discrimination c.​ Stimulus generalization d.​ Response generalization Training sufficient response exemplars, and varying the responses that are acceptable during training to increase the probability of a variety of responses occurring in the test situation are two tactics for: a.​ stimulus discrimination training b.​ Programming response generalization c.​ Programming behavior maintenance d.​ Recruiting natural communities of reinforcement Which of the following behaviors is not a tactic for programming behavior maintenance? a.​ Deliberately reinforcing the target behavior in the test situation on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement b.​ Ensuring that the target behavior comes under the control of reinforcers in the natural environment c.​ Varying the acceptable behaviors during training to increase the probability of a variety of behaviors occurring in the test situation d.​ Teaching people in the natural environment to maintain the target behavior of the subject Developing a behavior that comes under the control of natural contingencies of reinforcement so that the behavior will persist after the training contingencies are withdrawn is called: a.​ Behavioral persistence b.​ Behavioral trapping c.​ Recruiting reinforcement d.​ Behavioral control If a behavior is maintained in the natural environment because the subject has been explicitly taught how to obtain reinforcement from individuals (after emitting the target behavior), we say that __________ has occurred. a.​ Stimulus generalization b.​ Recruiting reinforcement c.​ Behavioral trapping d.​ Response generalization In stimulus generalization, an individual makes a different response to two different stimuli, whereas in stimulus discrimination, an individual makes the same response to two different stimuli. True False You are working with a class partner on a presentation in the CapU library. You both have 2018 Macbook Pro laptops. Your computer battery dies, so your partner lets you use her laptop to check your eLearn account. This is an example of (pick the best one)... a.​ Stimulus generalization b.​ Maintenance c.​ Operant behavior d.​ Response generalization What changes with response generalization? a.​ Stimulus control b.​ Topography of response c.​ SD d.​ Reinforcement schedule Fred learned to drive a standard car in England... where they drive on the left side of the road. Then he moved to Canada and drove automatic cars on the right side of the road. Recently, he returned to England for the first time in 20 years. During his stay, he rented a standard Jeep and drove it during his visit. Driving the Jeep represents (select all that apply):  a.​ Maintenance b.​ None of the above c.​ Stimulus generalization d.​ Response generalization Generalization is always a good thing. True False