Primary Health Care PDF - Lecture) 1)

‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬ ‫الجامعت التقنيت الجنىبيت‬ ‫المعهد التقني ‪ -‬الناصريت‬ ‫قسم تقنياث التمريض‬ ‫المرحلت‪-‬الثانيت‬ ‫الرعاية الصحية األولية (نظري)‬ ‫‪primary Health Care‬‬ ‫إعداد‪ /‬هدرس الوادة‬...

‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬ ‫الجامعت التقنيت الجنىبيت‬ ‫المعهد التقني ‪ -‬الناصريت‬ ‫قسم تقنياث التمريض‬ ‫المرحلت‪-‬الثانيت‬ ‫الرعاية الصحية األولية (نظري)‬ ‫‪primary Health Care‬‬ ‫إعداد‪ /‬هدرس الوادة‬ ‫م ‪.‬م رنا علي عثواى‬ ‫هحاضرات الفصل األول‬ Primary Health Care ---------------------- Lecture) 1) Primary Health Care ‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ )ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻛﺘﻤﺎل‬،1948 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎم‬:‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬.(‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﺪﻧﻴﺎً وﻋﻘﻠﻴﺎً واﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎً وﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﺮد اﻟﺨﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮض أو اﻟﻌﺠﺰ‬ Health: In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as (a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity). ‫ وﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬،‫ وإﻃﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬،‫ ﻓﻦ وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬:‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ :‫واﻟﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺠﻬﻮد اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ‬ Public health: The art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health through the organized efforts of society that works for: 1- sanitation. (‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ )اﻹﺻﺤﺎح‬ 2- personal hygiene. ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ 3- control of infectious diseases. ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻳﺔ‬ 4- organization of health services. ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬  ‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮف ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ )اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬:‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ وﻫﻲ ﻓﺮع ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮوع اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬.‫ﺑﻄﺮق ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻄﻠﻌﺎﺗﻬﻢ وﺗﻠﺒﻲ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة‬.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺎس ودورﻫﻢ ﻛﻤﺤﺪدﻳﻦ ﻟﺼﺤﺘﻬﻢ وﺻﺤﺔ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬ Community health: The WHO defines community health as (the environmental, social, and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well-being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. It is a branch of public health that focuses on people and their role as determinants of their own and other people’s health. ،‫ ﻫﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺎرات وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻬﺎرات اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬:‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺾ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬه‬.‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺼﺤﻲ واﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة وﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻋﻤﺎر وﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت‬ ،‫ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮاد واﻷﺳﺮ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬.‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬.‫واﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺻﺤﻲ ﺟﻴﺪ‬ Community health nursing: Its combining nursing skills and practices with public health skills, which are implemented to raise the health level and maintain the health of the population. These practices are characterized by being general, comprehensive, continuous, and directed to all ages and all social groups. They are therefore directed to individuals, families, and local communities for the purpose of improving health, and maintaining a good health level.  ‫( ﺗﺸﻴﺮ إﻟﻰ "اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬PHC) ‫ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ وﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎ وﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎول ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻓﺮاد واﻷﺳﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ وﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ واﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬.‫ﺗﻄﻮرﻫﺎ‬ Primary health care: Primary health care (PHC) refers to "essential health care that is based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, which make universal health care accessible to all individuals and families in a community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and the country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development. Principles of Primary Care: :‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ 1. Equitable distribution ‫اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﺎدل‬ 2. Community participation ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ 3. Inter-sectoral coordination ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬ 4. Appropriate technology ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ Elements of primary health care: :‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬-2 ‫ ﺗﺜﻘﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻹرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻢ‬-1.‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮب‬ 1- Educating the population and providing them with health guidance 2- Basic sanitation of the environment, especially the availability of clean water for drinking. 3- Ensure good nutrition. ‫ ﺿﻤﺎن اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﺪة‬-3 ‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻷم واﻟﻄﻔﻞ وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺮة‬-4 4- Providing maternal and child care and family planning services  ‫‪.5‬اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ واﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻦ ﺿﺪ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪5 Vaccination and immunization against infectious diseases.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ واﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪6- Fighting endemic diseases and controlling their spread.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﻋﻼج اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪7- Treating common diseases in the community.‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻷدوﻳﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ‪8- Providing essential medicines.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻻدوﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻷم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻄﻔﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻦ‬ ‫) ‪Primary Health Care -------------------- Lecture ) 2‬‬  ‫ﺻﺤﺔ اﻻﺳﺮة‬ Family health ‫حالة اﻻﺳﺮة‬ Family Assessment ‫األسرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫تقيين‬.‫ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮن ﻧﻮاة اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬:‫اﻷﺳﺮة‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻵﺑﺎء واﻷﺑﻨﺎء وﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﻗﺎرب اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﻬﻢ رواﺑﻂ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ واﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻳﺸﻜﻠﻮن‬.‫ﻓﺮداً واﺣﺪاً ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ Family: It is a social system consisting of a group of individuals who are the nucleus of society. It consists of parents, children and some relatives who are linked by emotional and social bonds and form one individual in society. Assessment ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻬﺎ‬ It is a family review process for the purpose of diagnosing the problem through ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺳﺮة‬-1 1- Collect complete information about the family ‫ إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺎت وﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﺮة ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬.2 2- Establishing close relationships with the family so that we can develop all solutions to health problems ‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﻢ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷوﻟﻮﻳﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬-3 3- Knowing their problems and setting priorities in solving these problems ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻷﺳﺮة اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬-4 4- Identifying the health, social and economic needs of the family ‫ إﻋﺪاد ﻧﻤﺎذج اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬-5 ‫ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻬﺪوء ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬،‫ ﻗﻮي اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺮة‬،‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل )ﻗﻮي اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬ (‫ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﻤﺎن اﻟﻘﻮي ﺑﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫اﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬ 5- Preparing evaluation forms to fill them with the necessary information And the worker in this field must be (strong observation, have good behavior, strong personality, calmly deal with family problems, have a strong belief in the principles of work) Information collection methods ‫ﻃﺮق ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ 1- The interview is face to face ‫ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ وﺟﻬﺎً ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬-1 2- observation ‫ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬-2 3- Written questions and answers ‫ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ وأﺟﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ‬-3 ‫ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬-4 4- Collecting information from the health center :‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﻤﺎرة ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺮة‬ Information on the family health status assessment form:.‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮة‬-1 1- General information about all family members. 2- The family’s financial capabilities. ‫ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺮة‬-2  3- Environment ‫ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬-3.‫ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻓﺮاد اﻷﺳﺮة‬-4 4- The physical and psychological condition of all family members. ‫ اﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎت واﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬-5 ‫ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻷﺳﺮي اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬-6 5- Family health behavior and habits 6- Daily family system. 6- Summary of some health problems ‫ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬-7 7- Assessment stages: ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬.‫ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أداة اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.1 1. Choosing the assessment tool and information sources. 2. Information collection process ‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.2 ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬.3 3. Organizing the form and analyzing the results ‫ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ أو ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أوﻟﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬.4 4. Problem diagnosis or prioritizing problems family card system ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺰوﺟﺔ واﻟﺰوج واﻟﻌﻤﺮ وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻷﻃﻔﺎل وأﻋﻤﺎرﻫﻢ واﻟﻤﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻨﺰل وأﻋﻤﺎرﻫﻢ واﻟﺠﻨﺲ واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ General information about the names of the wife and husband, age, children’s names and ages, those residing in the same house and their ages, gender, marital status, religion, and other information.  ‫ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻬﺪف إﻟﻰ ﺿﻤﺎن وﺻﻮل اﻟﺪﻋﻢ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧﻈﺎم‬. ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺤﺪث ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ The family card aims to ensure that support reaches the beneficiaries through an updated database system by. ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ آﻟﻴﺎت ﻟﻀﺒﻂ أﺣﻜﺎم ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﻔﻘﺪ واﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬ Provide mechanisms to control the provisions of the loss and leakage rates.ً‫ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﻧﻤﺎط اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻷﺳﺮة ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎً وﻛﻤﻴﺎً وﻧﻮﻋﻴﺎ‬ Providing the possibility of determining the consumption patterns of the family geographically, quantitatively and qualitatively. ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ دﻓﻊ اﻷﺳﺮة ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻛـ ﺗﺮك اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ وﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬ Contribute to pushing the family to get rid of negative habits such as dropping out of education and not benefiting from health services..‫ رﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ Raising the global technological index through the optimal use of information technology. ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت دﻗﻴﻘﺔ وﻣﺤﺪﺛﺔ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﺘﺨﺬ اﻟﻘﺮار واﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ وﺿﻊ‬ ‫ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺗﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬.‫رؤﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ واﺿﺤﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﺮة‬.‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ Providing accurate, updated and timely data to support the decision-maker and the ability to set a clear future vision for the family. Therefore, the network of relationships between people forms the normal meaning of society. Primary Health Care -------------------- Lecture ) 3 ) Community Assessment ‫تقييناﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫الوجتوع‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ وﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﺪود ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬.‫ وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻌﺎدات ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ Society: They are a group of individuals living in one area that has geographical boundaries, has a common system, and is characterized by common habits Society can be studied and evaluated by: :‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ دراﺳﺘﻪ وﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻪ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬،‫ اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ‬،‫ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ )اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬-1 ‫ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻟﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺪ( واﻟﺘﻲ‬،‫ اﻟﻜﺎدر اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬،‫ ﻗﻴﺎدات اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬،‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬ :‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ 1- Collecting sufficient information about the community (age, gender, common diseases, economic status, health centers, community leaders, educational staff, customs and traditions), which are divided in terms of their impact on health: 1- Habits encouraging health ‫ ﻋﺎدات ﻣﺸﺠﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ‬-1  ‫ اﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﺎً وﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﻣﺮاض‬-2 2- Habits that negatively affect and cause diseases 3- Habits that have no effect on health ‫ ﻋﺎدات ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬-3 :‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ‬ As for the environment, it can be divided into: * Biological ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ * natural ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬ * social ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ * economical ‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ * Politician ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﺪارس‬،‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ )اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ (‫ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬،‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬ As well as getting acquainted with the city map (geographical boundaries of the region, schools, religious centers, entertainment centers) Health system monitoring data :‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ،‫ ﺗﺠﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ أن اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬.‫ﺑﻞ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ واﻟﺨﻴﺮﻳﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ Here, it should be noted that talking about health facilities is not limited to governmental ones, but rather all governmental, private, charitable and other health facilities.  ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ The problem-solving process includes the following steps 1- Define and define the problem..‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ واﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ 2- Evaluation and selection of appropriate solutions to the problem ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺲ واﻟﺨﺒﺮات ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ 3- Obtaining foundations and experiences in an appropriate manner ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬ 4- Applying the appropriate solution on the ground Planning stages ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ واﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻼت‬،‫ واﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل إﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬:‫ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.1.‫ وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬،‫اﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ 1- Collecting information: through establishing relationships, observation, personal interviews, and reviewing statistics available. :‫ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﻫﺪاف‬-2 2- Assessment of community needs and setting goals: A - review of health problems ‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬-‫أ‬ B- Make complete statistics for the study ‫ ﻋﻤﻞ إﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎت ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ‬-‫ب‬ C- Determine the methods and tools of this study ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ وأدوات ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬-‫ج‬ D- Selection of the sample ‫ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬-‫د‬ E- Doing a preliminary test ‫ إﺟﺮاء اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪي‬-‫ﻫـ‬ F- Sample analysis ‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎت‬-‫و‬ G- Studying and discussing the results ‫ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻬﺎ‬-‫ز‬  H- Evaluation of the results ‫ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬-‫ح‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة‬:‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬-3 :‫واﻟﻤﻌﻮﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ 3- Analyzing the factors that affect the work of the program: by identifying the influencing factors and the obstacles that cause delay in work and the following must be confirmed: ‫ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ أوﻟﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬-‫أ‬ A - The problem is one of the priorities of problems in society ‫ ﻫﻨﺎك إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬-‫ب‬ B - There is a possibility of making the program to solve the problem ‫ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬-‫ج‬ C - the presence of technology for the work of the program ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ وﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻤﻴﻴﺰ اﻷﻫﺪاف ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ ﺟﺪول ﻓﻴﻪ‬:‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﺔ وﺟﺪول ﻋﻤﻞ‬-4 (‫ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ اﻟﺠﺪول‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن‬،‫)ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ 4- Developing a plan and work schedule: At this stage, after identifying the objectives, a schedule can be drawn up In it (who does the work, the place, the schedule, the cost of the work)  ‫ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻪ وﻣﺮوﻧﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬،‫ ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬: ‫ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬-5 5- Implementation: Implementation is carried out with hard work and work, each according to his specialization and flexibility in work ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ وﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎن ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻖ اﻷﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬:‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬-6.‫ وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮر ﻓﻲ أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬،‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬ 6- Evaluation: Determining the outputs of the program and whether it reached the set goals. It can be measured by observation and recording, and through it, knowledge of the development in the evaluation method..‫أﻳﻀﺎ ﻧﺸﺎط اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ً ‫ﻳﻘﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ Evaluation also measures the activity of the health team. Metrics that can be used for evaluation: :‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ 1- Hygienic measures ‫ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬-1 A. The life expectancy of infants after birth ‫ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻮﻻدة‬-‫أ‬ B. The overall death rate by age and sex ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ واﻟﺠﻨﺲ‬.‫ب‬ C. Mortality rate related to diseases ‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮاض‬.‫ج‬ 2- Economic and social measures ‫ اﻟﺘﺪاﺑﻴﺮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ واﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬-2 a. The national income ‫ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬.‫أ‬ B. Illiteracy and education ‫ اﻷﻣﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬-‫ب‬ C. The unemployed ‫ اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻠﻮن ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬-‫ج‬ 3- Standards of health services ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‬-3 A. Exploiting the available capabilities ‫ اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬-‫أ‬ B. The percentage of births in hospitals ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻮﻻدات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎت‬.‫ب‬ C. Vaccination ‫ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ‬-‫ج‬