Introduction to First Aid PDF

PHMU 702 Introduction to First Aid Dr. Noha El Hadary MD, PhD E-mail: [email protected]  First Aid (PHTC 702) 7th semester Academic year: Winter 2024-25 One lecture biweekly (6 lectures in tota...

PHMU 702 Introduction to First Aid Dr. Noha El Hadary MD, PhD E-mail: [email protected]  First Aid (PHTC 702) 7th semester Academic year: Winter 2024-25 One lecture biweekly (6 lectures in total) No tutorials or practical Mid-term ---------------- 35% Final ---------------------- 45% Project -------------------- 20% Total-----------------------100%  ILOs a. Knowledge & Understanding a.1.Recognize the principles for basic life support measures a.2.Recognize the proper medical terms in pharmacy practice b. Professional and practical skills b.2. Demonstrate the ability to perform technical procedures of Basic life support b.3. Perform the appropriate first aid measures in case emergency c. Intellectual skills c.1. Demonstrate the rapid and correct assessment of the situation and casualty at the scene of an incident. c.2. Analyze the common conditions of medical emergencies. d. General and transferable skills d.1. Work effectively in a team d.2. Communicate effectively with emergency care providers d.3. Act in a reliable and responsible manner  What is First Aid? It is the treatment given for any injury, or sudden illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor or any other qualified person. Aim of first aid (3Ps) 1. Preserve life 2. Prevent deterioration: stop bleeding, immobilizing fractures to prevent further injury. 1. Promote recovery The goal of this course is to know: 1) The basics of first aid & emergency care 2) How to respond to any emergency appropriately What is an emergency? An emergency is a situation demanding an immediate action (e.g. sudden illness or injury)  Unconsciousness/altered level of consciousness  Breathing problems  Chest pain  Persistent abdominal pain  Severe external bleeding, vomiting blood or passing blood  Severe burns  Suspected poisoning  Seizures  Stroke  Suspected/obvious injuries to head/neck/spine  Painful, swollen deformed areas or open fractures  Any of these situations: fire/explosion/downed electrical wires/poisonous gas, rapidly rising water, serious motor-vehicle collisions Emergency Medical Services (EMS): It is known as ambulance services, which treat illnesses and injuries that require an urgent medical response, providing out-of- hospital treatment and transport to definitive care. What are the 6 links in the EMS system? 1. Citizen responder. 2. EMS dispatcher. 3. First responder. 4. Emergency medical technician (EMT) 5. Hospital care providers. 6. Rehabilitation All of these six parts of the EMS chain should connect well in order to ensure the best possible care and outcome for the victim. Each link depends on the others for success  The 6 Links in The EMS System 1. Citizen Responder: the very first link, a layperson (someone who does not have special or advanced medical training or skill) who recognizes an emergency and decides to act, he activates the EMS by calling 123 2. EMS dispatcher: the one who receives the call and quickly determines the nature of the incident, depending on the needs of the accident, the operator dispatches the appropriate professionals and vehicles. 3. First responder: the first medically trained personnel who comes in contact with a patient and provides assistance at the scene of an emergency. This could be a passerby, citizen volunteer, fire department or policeman.  The 6 Links in The EMS System (cont.) 4. Emergency Medical Technician: (EMT): also known as an ambulance technician, is a trained health professional that provides emergency medical services. Plus he has the skills needed to transport patients safely. 5. Hospital Care Providers: who provide medical care as soon as the victim arrives at the emergency department 6. Rehabilitation: its goal is to return the victim to his or her previous state of health. It starts as soon as the victim’s condition is stabilized. It is offered by professionals, such as medical specialists, family physicians, social workers, occupation therapists, physiotherapists, psychologists and consulting specialists, work together to restore the victim to previous state of health.  The 6 Links in The EMS System 1  The Role of the First Aider (Citizen Responder) in the EMS Your role in the EMS system includes four basic steps : 1. Recognize that an emergency exists 2. Decide to act 3. Activate the EMS system by calling the local emergency number 123 (ambulance) 4. Provide first aid until help arrives  Recognize Emergencies Medical emergency: sudden illness such as heart attack, status asthmaticus, obvious body injuries, seizers, burns and hemorrhages. Unusual appearance or behavior: skin color, difficult breathing, unconsciousness, hesitant speech. Unusual noises: screaming, yells, moans, or calls for help, explosions, breaking glass and crashing Unusual sights: broken glass, downed electric wires, smoke, fire and spilled chemicals Unusual odors: smoke, gasoline, chlorine or acetone smell from a diabetic patient Unusual Sights  Emergency Action Steps The 3 C’ s of Emergency care are: 1. Check the scene & person 2. Call 123 or local emergency number 3. Care for person  1- Check Before you can help, make sure the scene is safe for first aider, the bystander and the casualty  Checking for anything unsafe, such as traffic, fire, and other hazardous items  Ensure that the first responder is not putting himself /herself in danger while helping the victim.  How many people involved?  Is anyone around the scene available to help?  Check responsiveness, pulse and respiration of the casualty  2- Call  Emergency situations demand quick and careful action from first responders.  Call 123 immediately or the local emergency number  Provide clear, precise and correct information about: - the location of the incident - number of casualities - nature of the injury - any hazards at the incident (fire, spilled fuel)  3- Care for person First responders are required to provide initial care until medical professional arrives:  Continuously monitor victim’s breathing, pulse and responsiveness  Temperature: keep the person from getting chilled or overheated  Reassure the person  Give any specific care needed such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)  Follow the CPR sequence CAB (Compression-Airway- Breathing)  Prioritizing treatment How to treat any life-threatening conditions in order of priority The primary survey Danger Response Airways Safety Consciousness: gently taping -Treat any life-threatening airway (you, bystander, the shoulders and ask loudly problems victim) ”are you alright?” (Taps and -If unconscious, tilt the head back to open shouts) the airways Breathing Circulation -Treat any life-threatening breathing problems Treat any life-threatening circulation problems (cardiac arrest, chest injury, asthma…) (cardiac arrest, severe bleeding, anaphylaxis…) -If unconscious and not breathing normally, perform CPR