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Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepar...

Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE UNIT 2 CLOUD SERVICE MODELS Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer. Companies offering such kinds of cloud computing services are called cloud providers and typically charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids and clusters are the foundations for cloud computing. Cloud Computing Service Models There are three main types of service models of cloud computing. Each type of cloud computing provides different levels of control, flexibility, and management so that you’ll select the proper set of services for your needs. Three Common Cloud Service Models The three Cloud Service Models are as follows:  Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)  Platform as a Service (PaaS)  Software as a Service (SaaS) Page | 1  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)  Definition: SaaS or Software-as-a-Service cloud service model provides users or organizations with access to software applications that are hosted and maintained by the cloud service provider.  Users or organizations can access the software using the internet and any browser. There is no need to purchase costly software and install bulky software on your own system in order to use it. SaaS is also known as “On-Demand Software.”  SaaS provides you with a complete product that is run and managed by the service provider.  The software is hosted online and made available to customers on a subscription basis or for purchase in this cloud service model.  With a SaaS offering, you don’t need to worry about how the service is maintained or how the underlying infrastructure is managed. It would help if you believed how you’d use that specific software.  Examples of SaaS: Microsoft Office 365, Oracle ERP/HCM Cloud, SalesForce, Gmail, or Dropbox, BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco WebEx, ZenDesk, Slack, and GoToMeeting. Characteristics of SaaS There are the following characteristics of SaaS - o Managed from a central location o Hosted on a remote server o Accessible over the internet o Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are applied automatically. o The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis There are the following services provided by SaaS providers -  Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the business. The SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), billing, and sales. Page | 2  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE  Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application offered by a third party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic documents. Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.  Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general public, so social networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the general public's information.  Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail services, many e-mail providers offering their services using SaaS. Vendors: Adobe Connect, ServiceNow, Google, Salesforce, Microsoft O365, MaaS360 Common SaaS Use-Case: Replaces traditional on-device software. There are a wide variety of cases including Customer Relationship Management, Video Conferencing, Email, Collaboration, and more. SaaS services allow direct delivery of application level capabilities to the end user with very little requirement for IT support resources primarily focused on compliance management at the application layer. SaaS Model Customer Responsibilities include:  People  Data Page | 3  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Challenges of SaaS Not surprisingly, the number one advantage to using SaaS is also the number one challenge – needing an internet connection. If you have a strong, reliable connection, then it’s a pro. Obviously, if you don’t have dependable connection, it’s a con. With the increasingly wide availability of broadband and high-speed networks, like 5G, this is becoming less of an issue. But there are a few other scenarios to consider before deciding to go with a SaaS solution. Other challenges may include the following:  Loss of Control: The vendor manages everything, making you dependent upon the vendor’s capabilities.  Limited Customization: Most SaaS applications offer little in the way of customization from the vendor.  Slower Speed: SaaS solutions can have more latency than client/server apps  Security Risks: While the SaaS provider secures the application itself, strict measures should be taken with sensitive data Advantages of SaaS cloud computing 1. SaaS is easy to buy  SaaS pricing is based on a monthly fee or annual fee subscription, so it allows organizations to access business functionality at a low cost, which is less than licensed applications.  Unlike traditional software, which is sold as a licensed based with an up-front cost (and often an optional ongoing support fee), SaaS providers are generally pricing the applications using a subscription fee, most commonly a monthly or annually fee. 2. One to Many  SaaS services are offered as a one-to-many model means a single instance of the application is shared by multiple users. Page | 4  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE 3. Less hardware required for SaaS  The software is hosted remotely, so organizations do not need to invest in additional hardware. 4. Low maintenance required for SaaS  Software as a service removes the need for installation, set-up, and daily maintenance for the organizations. The initial set-up cost for SaaS is typically less than the enterprise software. SaaS vendors are pricing their applications based on some usage parameters, such as a number of users using the application. So SaaS does easy to monitor and automatic updates. 5. No special software or hardware versions required  All users will have the same version of the software and typically access it through the web browser. SaaS reduces IT support costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the IaaS provider. 6. Multidevice support  SaaS services can be accessed from any device such as desktops, laptops, tablets, phones, and thin clients. 7. API Integration  SaaS services easily integrate with other software or services through standard APIs. 8. No client-side installation  SaaS services are accessed directly from the service provider using the internet connection, so do not need to require any software installation. Disadvantages of SaaS cloud computing 1) Security  Actually, data is stored in the cloud, so security may be an issue for some users. However, cloud computing is not more secure than in-house deployment. Page | 5  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE 2) Latency issue  Since data and applications are stored in the cloud at a variable distance from the end- user, there is a possibility that there may be greater latency when interacting with the application compared to local deployment. Therefore, the SaaS model is not suitable for applications whose demand response time is in milliseconds. 3) Total Dependency on Internet  Without an internet connection, most SaaS applications are not usable. 4) Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult  Switching SaaS vendors involves the difficult and slow task of transferring the very large data files over the internet and then converting and importing them into another SaaS also. The below table shows some popular SaaS providers and services that are provided by them – Provider Services Salseforce.com On-demand CRM solutions Microsoft Office 365 Online office suite Google Apps Gmail, Google Calendar, Docs, and sites ERP, accounting, order management, CRM, Professionals Services NetSuite Automation (PSA), and e-commerce applications. GoToMeeting Online meeting and video-conferencing software Constant Contact E-mail marketing, online survey, and event marketing Oracle CRM CRM applications Workday, Inc Human capital management, payroll, and financial management. Page | 6  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)  IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure managed over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.  It is the most flexible type of cloud service which lets you rent the hardware and contains the basic building blocks for cloud and IT.  It gives complete control over the hardware that runs your application (servers, VMs, storage, networks & operating systems).  It’s an instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed over the internet.  IaaS gives you the very best level of flexibility and management control over your IT resources.  It is almost like the prevailing IT resources with which many IT departments and developers are familiar.  Examples of IaaS are virtual Machines or AWS EC2, Storage or Networking. DigitalOcean, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud. Page | 7  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE IaaS provider provides the following services – 1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units and virtual main memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users. 2. Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files. 3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as routers, switches, and bridges for the Vms. 4. Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer. Some of the Primary Characteristics of IaaS are: o Scalability: IaaS enables users to adjust computing capacity according to their demands without requiring long lead times or up-front hardware purchases. o Virtualization: IaaS uses virtualization technology to generate virtualized instances that can be managed and delivered on-demand by abstracting physical computer resources. o Resource Pooling: This feature enables users to share computer resources, such as networking and storage, among a number of users, maximizing resource utilization and cutting costs. Page | 8  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE o Elasticity: IaaS allows users to dynamically modify their computing resources in response to shifting demand, ensuring optimum performance and financial viability. o Self-Service: IaaS offers consumers "self-service" portals that let them independently deploy, administer, and monitor their computing resources without the assistance of IT employees. o Availability: To ensure the high availability and reliability of services, IaaS providers often run redundant and geographically dispersed data centers. o Security: To safeguard their infrastructure and client data, IaaS companies adopt security measures, including data encryption, firewalls, access controls, and threat detection. o Customization: IaaS enables users to alter the operating systems, application stacks, and security settings of their virtualized instances to suit their unique requirements. Advantages of IaaS cloud computing There are the following advantages of IaaS computing layer - 1. Shared infrastructure  IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure. 2. Web access to the resources  Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet. 3. Pay-as-per-use model  IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The users are required to pay for what they have used. 4. Focus on the core business  IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather than on IT infrastructure. 5. On-demand scalability: On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not worry about to upgrade software and troubleshoot the issues related to hardware components. Page | 9  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing 1. Security  Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers are not able to provide 100% security. 2. Maintenance & Upgrade  Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but they do not upgrade the software for some organizations. 3. Interoperability issues  It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the other, so the customers might face problem related to vendor lock-in. Top Iaas Providers who are providing IaaS cloud computing platform Page | 10  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Platform as a Service | PaaS  PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and manage the applications.  PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow developers to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in the cloud and accessed by users simply via their web browser.  A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result, PaaS frees users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new application. Thus, the development and deployment of the application take place independent of the hardware.  The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. To make it simple, take the example of an annual day function, you will have two options either to create a venue or to rent a venue but the function is the same.  Examples of PaaS: Elastic Beanstalk or Lambda from AWS, WebApps, Functions or Azure SQL DB from Azure, Cloud SQL DB from Google Cloud, or Oracle Database Cloud Service from Oracle Cloud. PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks, Databases, and Other tools: Page | 11  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Some of the Services Provided by PaaS are: Programming Languages: A variety of programming languages are supported by PaaS providers, allowing developers to choose their favorite language to create apps. Languages including Java, Python, Ruby,.NET, PHP, and Node.js are frequently supported. Application Frameworks: Pre-configured application frameworks are offered by PaaS platforms, which streamline the development process. These frameworks include features like libraries, APIs, and tools for quick development, laying the groundwork for creating scalable and reliable applications. Popular application frameworks include Laravel, Django, Ruby on Rails, and Spring Framework. Databases: Managed database services are provided by PaaS providers, making it simple for developers to store and retrieve data. These services support relational databases (like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server) and NoSQL databases (like MongoDB, Cassandra, and Redis). For its database services, PaaS platforms often offer automated backups, scalability, and monitoring tools. Additional Tools and Services: PaaS providers provide a range of extra tools and services to aid in the lifecycle of application development and deployment. Characteristics of IaaS There are the following characteristics of IaaS - o Resources are available as a service o Services are highly scalable o Dynamic and flexible o GUI and API-based access o Automated administrative tasks Advantages of PaaS There are the following advantages of PaaS - 1) Simplified Development Page | 12  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE  PaaS allows developers to focus on development and innovation without worrying about infrastructure management. 2) Lower risk  No need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need a PC and an internet connection to start building applications. 3) Prebuilt business functionality  Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business functionality so that users can avoid building everything from very scratch and hence can directly start the projects only. 4) Instant community  PaaS vendors frequently provide online communities where the developer can get the ideas to share experiences and seek advice from others. 5) Scalability  Applications deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any changes to the applications. Disadvantages of PaaS cloud computing 1) Vendor lock-in  One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS vendor, so the migration of an application to another PaaS vendor would be a problem. 2) Data Privacy  Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located within the walls of the company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of data. 3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications  It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there will be chances of increased complexity when we want to use data which in the cloud with the local data. Page | 13  Course Code: 1010043224 Course Name: Fundamentals of Cloud Computing SEMESTER: 3 Prepared By: Prof. Monika Chauhan,ASOIT-CE Page | 14