Cloud Computing and Virtualization PDF

Cloud Computing and resume Virtualization CLOUD-VIRTUALIZATION  Cloud Computing - Origins of the word “Cloud” - How cloud computing works resume - Who uses the Cloud? CLOUD-VIRTUALIZATIO...

Cloud Computing and resume Virtualization CLOUD-VIRTUALIZATION  Cloud Computing - Origins of the word “Cloud” - How cloud computing works resume - Who uses the Cloud? CLOUD-VIRTUALIZATION - The benefits of cloud computing - Why join the Cloud? - Is the Cloud Secure? - Types of Cloud Computing Services - Uses of Cloud Computing for Business Origins of the word “Cloud” EN The “Cloud” takes its name from the English word meaning “cloud”. In the early 1990s, it was common to represent the Internet as a cloud in network diagrams. When it comes to cloud storage and cloud CRM, we mean resources and services offered over the Internet. 3 Origins of the word “Cloud” EN 4 How the cloud works EN A virtual machine consists of two elements: Resources:share of allocated CPUs, authorized RAM, number of virtual network cards... Data:Like a normal server, one must have an operating system, libraries, tools, applications and their data. How the cloud works EN Cloud computing is based on the assumption that most of Computing is done on a machine that is often remote and different from the one currently in use. The data collected during this process is stored and processed by remote servers (also known as “Cloud Servers”): Which means that the device accessing the cloud is less stressed. 6 How the cloud works EN These servers free up memory and computing power from personal computers since they are the ones that host the software, platforms and data. Users access cloud services securely: they simply use the credentials provided by the cloud computing provider. Since cloud computing involves hosting a user's computer workload on a different machine, the cloud is therefore accessible anywhere and available as long as there is an Internet connection. 7 How the cloud works EN Some companies have their own cloud infrastructure to store user data (Google for example has its own servers, as does Salesforce). However, a Cloud can also consist of a small number of computers. 8  Data Centers (DC) EN Amazon Data Center 9 Data Centers (DC) EN Google Data Center 10 Suppliers and their offers EN 11 Cloud Users EN Today,anyone who is online uses the Cloud on a daily basis, whether they are aware of it or not. Edit documents on a shared drive send emails watch videos online store files share photos on instagram All these tasks are possible thanks to cloud computing. 12 Cloud Users EN Forcompanies, the Cloud has been a vector of change. What they use: Public cloud (hosted by third- party providers) Private cloud (hosted on-premises, but still provides mobile access) Hybrid cloud (composed of both) Millions of businesses large and small now rely on the cloud for most of their IT needs. 13 Cloud Users EN In the UK alone, the share of companies using POURCENTAGE D'USE OF THECLOUD cloud services has grown from 48% in 2010 to ATUK 88% in 2017. 88% About 67% of current users believe they will increase their use of cloud services. 48% 2010 2017 14 Advantages of the Cloud EN Some of the main advantages of cloud computing include: - Rapid implementation - No or little upfront costs - Instant scalability - No maintenance - Accessibility from everywhere - Improved security 15 Advantages of the Cloud EN Rapid implementation - All businesses need to do is sign up and use the applications in the cloud: it's instantaneous. - Even the most comprehensive enterprise applications are up and running in just days or weeks, instead of months or years. 16 Advantages of the Cloud EN No upfront costs - No more arbitrary upfront costs, businesses can start using applications immediately. - Cloud software can significantly reduce or even eliminate capital expenditures; the service is covered by an all-in-one monthly plan. 17 Advantages of the Cloud EN Instant scalability - With cloud applications, the number of users can scale with business needs over time. - Businesses only pay for what they need and don't have to worry about running out of capacity. 18 Advantages of the Cloud EN No maintenance - Patching, upgrading, and testing applications can be time-consuming. IT team several days a month. With cloud applications, this burden disappears. - In fact, everything is managed in the Cloud and your staff is free to focus on new projects and innovate. 19 Advantages of the Cloud EN Accessibility from everywhere - Cloud applications are designed to be accessible securely anywhere and from any connected device. 20 Advantages of the Cloud EN Improved security - Large companies lose an average of 265 laptops per year. If the data they contain is confidential, the security risk is serious. - With Cloud applications, data is stored securely in the Cloud, so a lost laptop is no longer a major problem. 21  Reasons for using the Cloud EN Cloud adoption has been rapid and comprehensive. Initially, the three main reasons that drive companies to adopt Cloud services are: - flexibility of service provision - operational savings - scalability. About 70% of companies say they have gained (or will gain) a competitive advantage through the use of Cloud services. D 22 Cloud Features EN More and more companies are moving their IT operations to the cloud to take advantage of its many benefits. By nature, the Cloud is a game-changer for four reasons: - Ease - Efficiency - Access - Ability 23 Cloud Features EN Ease :little management and maintenance effort is required from the company. 24 Cloud Features EN Efficiency :Traditional on-premises IT required regular investments, with capacity difficult to scale. - Cloud computing provides better efficiency since resources are shared between clients. 25 Cloud Features EN Access :Cloud applications and services are accessible everywhere. - All you need is a device with an internet connection. 26 Cloud Features EN Ability :The cloud has no size limit, so businesses don't have to worry about capacity. 27 Cloud Features EN These benefits are of considerable importance in a world where office work is giving way to remote work and the use of mobile devices is taking over desktop computing. More than50%of workers report working away from their main office at least half of their workweek, according to a2017 surveymade with 20,000senior executives and entrepreneurs. 28 Cloud Features EN This trend of managing your business from your phone is also reflected in hardware sales: - Desktop computers are expected to drop to 87 million units soldby 2021, against161.1 millionof laptops - 145.8 millionof tablets and especially 1,701.1 million smartphones. 29 Cloud Security EN Cloud security, especially for businesses, makes it a much more reliable option than on- premises data storage. The cloud effectively eliminates many security concerns since it has the advantage of being off- site. 30 Cloud Security EN Disasters the burglars Disgruntled employees have no access to the physical servers that make up the Cloud. Most cloud service providers guarantee that access to data is carefully monitored, in other words, that no one will be able to get hold of confidential files on a USB drive. 31 Cloud Security EN However, special attention should be paid to: - to the security standards offered by Cloud service providers (in particular with measures to secure data transmission and storage) - to the physical security of cloud service providers' data centers in order to control employee access rights. 32 Cloud Security EN For example, at Salesforce, we know that the confidentiality, integrity and availability of our customers' data is of paramount importance. unparalleled importance to their business processes and to our own success. With our progressive approach to cloud security, we protect the most important data, within which we constantly monitor our application, systems and processes; and optimize them as necessary to meet increasing security demands and requirements. 33 Types of Cloud Services EN There are three main types of cloud services: - IaaS:infrastructure as a service - SaaS:software as a service (software as a service) - PaaS:platform as a service. 34 Types of Cloud Services EN Infrastructure as a service(IaaS) – provides businesses with basic IT infrastructure over the Internet, consisting of networks, servers and storage space, generally billed on a pay-per-view basis. – From a user perspective, cloud services are all about securely connecting to applications over the Internet, which can be done with any connected device: smartphone, tablet or PC. 35 Types of Cloud Services EN Software as a Service(SaaS) - It is a way of delivering software applications over the Internet, usually on a subscription basis and on demand. - The cloud service provider takes care of hosting and the entire IT infrastructure, as well as maintenance and security. - SaaS services use a multi-tenant cloud architecture, which means that all users and applications share a single infrastructure that is centrally maintained. 36 Types of Cloud Services EN Platform as a service(PaaS) - extends the IaaS model with a set of cloud services that enable business users and developers to create and deploy user-friendly applications quickly and intuitively. - With this technique, the customer does not have to purchase hardware or install and update software: the necessary hardware and software are maintained by the Cloud company that runs the application. Cloud and Business EN Cloud computing is commonly used in businesses, including for: - recruitment, - expense management, - payroll software, - project management, - customer relationship management (CRM), - virtual meeting software. Practically all THE applications imaginable can be offered on the Cloud. 38 Cloud and Business EN In cloud computing, the latest innovations aim to make professional applications even more mobile and collaborative. - With the help of a Cloud CRM, for example, remote salespeople can get all the information they need from their mobile device. 39 Cloud and Business EN It is also possible to update, in real time, the notes on the contact. No need to wait until you return to the office, the data is always fresh, comprehensive and available to all. Sales managers know exactly which deals will be closed and when, whether they consult their computer at the office or their tablet or phone when they are on the go. 40  Virtualization resume CLOUD-VIRTUALIZATION Virtualization:Introduction EN A server is a computer used remotely from different workstations, or other servers. It has mainly material resources: - CPU, - Memory, - Discs, - Network interfaces. 42 Virtualization:Introduction EN These resources are used by applications, not directly, but by relying on an operating system. 43 Virtualization:Introduction EN Definition: Server virtualization is a set of techniques and tools for running multiple operating systems on a single physical server. 44 Virtualization:Introduction EN Principle: The principle of virtualization is therefore a principle of sharing: - different operating systems share server resources. To be operationally useful, virtualization must respect two fundamental principles: 45 Virtualization:Introduction EN The partitioning:Each operating system operates independently, and cannot interfere with the others in any way. Transparency:Running in virtualized mode does not change anything operation of the operating system and, a fortiori, of the applications. Transparency implies compatibility: all applications can run on a virtualized system, and their operation is not modified in any way. 46 Virtualization:Introduction EN Hypervisors: A hypervisor is a virtualization platform that allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine at the same time. - Type 1 hypervisor - Type 2 hypervisor 47 Virtualization:Introduction EN Type 1 hypervisor A Type 1, or native, or even "bare metal" hypervisor is software that runs directly on a hardware platform - this platform is then considered as an operating system control tool. - A secondary operating system can therefore be run on top of the hardware. 48 Virtualization:Introduction EN The Type 1 hypervisor is a lightweight host kernel optimized to initially run only guest operating system kernels adapted and optimized for this specific architecture, these guest systems being "aware" of being virtualized. On processors with hardware virtualization instructions (AMD-V and Intel VT), the guest operating system no longer needs to be modified to run in a hypervisor such as 49 Virtualization:Introduction EN Some examples of such newer hypervisors are: - Xen, - Oracle VM, - VMware Server. 50 Virtualization:Introduction EN Type 2 hypervisor A Type 2 hypervisor is software that runs inside another operating system. A guest operating system will therefore run as a third layer above the hardware. Since guest operating systems are not aware of being virtualized, they do not need to be adapted. 51 Virtualization:Introduction EN Some examples of such hypervisors are: - VMware Workstation, - VMware Fusion, - the open source hypervisor QEMU, Microsoft Virtual PC and Virtual Server products, - Oracle VirtualBox, - Parallels Workstation from Swsoft, - Parallels Desktop 52 Virtualization:Types EN Full Virtualization So-called full virtualization allows any operating system to run as a guest in a virtual machine. For the end user, this type of virtualization is the easiest to set up and is the most practical. 53 Virtualization:Types EN Full Virtualization Principle: - The hypervisor creates a complete virtual environment literally simulating a complete new computer, with "fake hardware". - With few exceptions, the guest operating system (installed in the virtual machine) only communicates with this simulated fake hardware, making the virtualized environment watertight. 54 Virtualization:Types EN Full Virtualization Limitations: - This type of virtualization only allows you to virtualize operating systems that are designed for the same hardware architecture as the physical processor of the host computer. - For example, a computer equipped of an Intel x86 processor will be unable to virtualize an operating system intended to run in a PowerPC architecture. 55 Virtualization:Types EN Full Virtualization Some full virtualization hypervisors: - VirtualBox - VMWare Player, VMWare Workstation - Parallels Desktop for Windows and Linux - KVM 56 Virtualization:Types EN Para-Virtualization Paravirtualization involves a hypervisor. This is a lightweight kernel on top of which guest systems will be grafted. Unlike a traditional virtual machine system where virtualization is transparent, with paravirtualization the guest system must be aware that it is running in a virtual environment which implies using a modified kernel. This type of virtualization allows for much higher performance than full virtualization. 57 Virtualization:Types EN Para-Virtualization Some Assisted Virtualization Hypervisors: - XEN - VMWare ESX/ESXi - Hyper-V (Microsoft) - xV 58 Virtualization:Types EN The Insulators An isolator is software that isolates the execution of applications in what are called contexts, or execution zones. - The isolator thus allows the same application to be run several times in a multi-instance mode (multiple execution instances) even though it was not designed for that. 59 Virtualization:Types EN The Insulators - This solution is very efficient, due to the low overhead (time spent by a system doing nothing other than managing itself), but the virtualized environments are not completely isolated. - The performance is therefore there. 60 Virtualization:Solutions EN XEN:An open source virtualization solution originally developed by the University of Cambridge's computer science department. Its development is now actively sponsored by Citrix, which acquired the original publisher XenSource. Citrix distributes a commercial version of Xen, calledCitrix XenServer, particularly suited to the virtualization of Microsoft Windows OS and Linux RHEL and SLES. It has an advanced administration interface, and access to technical support. - As for the features, they are the same as in the freely distributed version. Large companies like IBM contributed to the development of Xen, and great efforts were made by Citrix to ensure perfect compatibility with Windows, a compatibility now recognized by Microsoft. 61 Virtualization:Solutions EN KVM:Kernel Virtual Machine, has been integrated since kernel 2.6.20 and allows hardware virtualization and therefore an acceleration of operating system virtualization. It is a system optimized for server virtualization. To virtualize desktop systems, we can prefer virtualbox. KVM seems indeed more efficient in processor consumption but slower for graphics device emulation. Using a virtualized desktop in VirtualBox can therefore leave a better impression on the user. Nevertheless, KVM is completely free, efficient and very easy to install and use. The virt-manager graphical interface can help configure KVM and can make life easier for network administrators. But you cannot use KVM at the same time as VirtualBox. You will indeed have to close KVM to use VirtualBox and vice versa. Or disable processor virtualization support in VirtualBox. 62 Virtualization:Solutions EN VMware ESX:VMware vSphere is a cloud computing infrastructure software from the publisher VMware, it is a type 1 hypervisor (Bare Metal), based on the VMware ESXi architecture. VMware vSphere has limited hardware requirements as specified in the VMware Compatibility Guide. This host server can be managed through several possibilities: through the web browser with a direct connection, through a client console with a direct connection or through a centralized management tool called Vmware vCenter Server which allows you to administer all virtual machines, physical hosts, their resources and environment options (High Availability, vMotion, Storage vMotion, Distributed Resource Scheduler, Fault Tolerance) from a single console. 63 Virtualization:Solutions EN Hyper-V:also known as Windows Server Virtualization, is a virtualization system based on a 64-bit hypervisor of the Windows Server 2008 version. It is possible to use the Hyper-V console on Windows 7. Conversely, many operating systems can run inside Hyper- V: Of course for Microsoft Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7 (except Home Edition), Windows Vista SP1/SP2 (except Home Edition), Windows Server 2008 x64 SP1/SP2 and R2, Windows Server 2003 x64 SP2 and R2 SP2, Windows 2000 SP4, Windows XP Professional SP2/SP3 and x64 SP2 For Linux operating systems: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP1/SP2 and 11 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.2 x64 and later Ubuntu 12.04 LTS and later 64 Virtualization:Solutions EN OpenVZ:One of the most advanced and mature solutions in the field of isolation. This product comes in the form of a patch for the Linux kernel, and a set of administration tools. The kernel patch allows a GNU/Linux system to manage virtualized contexts. The administration tools allow you to create, instantiate, and control virtual environments. Remember that the isolation technology only allows you to run Linux virtual servers on an OpenVZ host, even if these servers can be from different distributions. Some Linux distributions offer packaged versions of OpenVZ. In particular, the Debian GNU/Linux distribution, in the Lenny and Squeeze versions, allows you to set up this solution in a few seconds via its package system as soon as the physical server is installed. It should be noted, however, that OpenVZ has been replaced by LXC in the Squeeze version, released in 2013. 65 Virtualization:Solutions EN LXC:an isolator-type virtualization solution. This solution allows container virtualization at the kernel level. LXC is very recent and replaces Linux-VServer and OpenVZ. Also, LXC is now integrated into the kernel, which was never the case for the two solutions mentioned above. The isolator takes advantage of the unique ability in UNIX and Linux to share the kernel with other processes on the system. This shared-kernel virtualization uses a feature called chroot. - This feature modifies the root filesystem of a process to isolate it in a way that provides some security. This is called a chroot jail. 66 Virtualization:Domains EN LXC:an isolator-type virtualization solution. This solution allows container virtualization at the kernel level. LXC is very recent and replaces Linux-VServer and OpenVZ. Also, LXC is now integrated into the kernel, which was never the case for the two solutions mentioned above. The isolator takes advantage of the unique ability in UNIX and Linux to share the kernel with other processes on the system. This shared-kernel virtualization uses a feature called chroot. - This feature modifies the root filesystem of a process to isolate it in a way that provides some security. This is called a chroot jail. 67