مصادر الابتكار PDF
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Uploaded by GraciousWhistle
Qatar University
2021
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Summary
This document discusses different sources of innovation for businesses. It examines internal and external sources of ideas for companies, and the stages involved in innovation. It emphasizes the importance of external stakeholders, like clients, suppliers, and competitors, in the process.
Full Transcript
اﻟ ﮲ ﺼﻞ اﻟ ﮶ ﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴ كار االﻫﺪاف اﻟ ﮴ ﻌﻠ ﮵ﻤ ﮵ﺔ ﻣﮟ اﻟ ﮲ ﺼﻞ اﻟ ﮶ ﺎﻟﺚ ﮲ ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴كار اﻟﺴﺮكات ﻰ ﮵ ﮲ كار اال ﮳ ﮶...
اﻟ ﮲ ﺼﻞ اﻟ ﮶ ﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴ كار االﻫﺪاف اﻟ ﮴ ﻌﻠ ﮵ﻤ ﮵ﺔ ﻣﮟ اﻟ ﮲ ﺼﻞ اﻟ ﮶ ﺎﻟﺚ ﮲ ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴كار اﻟﺴﺮكات ﻰ ﮵ ﮲ كار اال ﮳ ﮶ ﮴ دﻣﺢ ﻣﺼﺎدر ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ اال ﮳ ﮴كار ج اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺮ ٔ ﮵ﺴ ﮵ﺔ ﻟال ﮳ ﮴كار © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. ﻣ ﮴ ﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺤ ﮴ﻠ ﮲ ﺔ ،ﻟﺬا ﮲ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﻣﮟ ﻰ ﮵ ﮴ ٔ ﮴ ان ﻤﻜﮟ ﮵ ﮲ﺤﮟ ﮲ﻌﻠﻢ ان ا ٔال ﮲ كار اﺣﻞ﮲ ٕادارة ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ اال ﮳ ﮴كار ﮳ ﮶ﺴلك ﮲ﺤ ﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺤﺪ ﮵ﺪﻫﺎ ﮳ ﮲ﺪ ﮴ ﺔ ﻣﮟ ﮳ ﮴ ﮲ ﮴ ﮲ ﮲ ﻌﺎل. ﮵ﻤﻜﮟ ﻟ ﮳ﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ان ﮴ﻮﻟﺪ ا ﮲ كار ًا ﮴ ﮵ﻤﺔ ﮳ ﮴لك ﮲ ﺔ ﻣ ﮲ ﮲ﺤ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﺔ وﻫﻮ ﮲ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟ ﮴ ﻠ ﮵ﻞ اﻟ لك ﮲ ﺔ ،﮳ اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ أﻛ ﮶ﺮ ﮲ ﮳ﺤ ً ﺎﺣﺎ. ﮶ ﻌﻞ وﺣ ﮴ ﮴ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴ كار اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﻮى اﻟ ﮲ ﺮدي: -﮲ ﮵ﻰ اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮲ﺮل ﻣﮟ ﮴ ﮳ﻞ أي ﮶ﺳ ﮲ﺤﺺ. -ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﮟ ﮲ا ٔالﺻﺪ ﮴ ﺎء. ﮳ ﮲ اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﻮى اﻟ ﮴ ﮲ﻈ ﮵ ﮵ ﻤﻰ: -اﻟﺴﺮكات. ﮶ -اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻌﺔ )أﺳﺎس اﻟ ﺤﺚ(. ﮳ ﮳ -اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﮶ﺴ ﮲ ﻰ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻰ: ﮵ اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﻮى -اﻟﻮزارات. -اﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣ ﮵ﺔ. ﮲ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. ﻟﻠﺴﺮكات كار ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮶ ﮴ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻛﺔ: ﻠﻰ ﮶ اﻟﺪاﺣ ﮵ ﮲ .1ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟ ﮳ ﮵ ٔﺔ ﮴ ﺴﻢ اﻟ ﮳ﺤﺚ واﻟ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ)اﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﺮ ٔ ﮵ ﮵ ﺴﻰ(. ﻮﻟﻮﺣ ﮵ﺎ(. ﮳ ﮵ ﮵ ا ٔال ﮴ ﺴﺎم اﻟ ﮲ ﮲ ﺔ ا ٔال ﮲ﺣﺮى )اﻟ ﮴ﺼﻤ ﻢ ،اﻟ ﮴ﻜ ﮲ اﻟﺤﺪﻣﺎت(. أ ﮴ ﺴﺎم ٕاال ﺎج ٕ )اال ﮲ ﮴ﺎج ،﮲ ﮲﮴ اﻟ ﮴ﺴﻮ ﮵ﻖ واﻟﻤ ﮳ ﮵ﻌﺎت. )اﻟﺴﺮاء ،اﻟﻤﻮردون( ﺪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟ ﻮر ﮵ ﮶ ﮴ واﻟﺤﺪﻣﺎت اﻟالﺣ ﮴ ﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﺎن ﮲ ﮲ أي ٕادارة. © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴ كار ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻛﺔ: .2ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟ ﮳ ﮵ ﺔ ﮲ ﮳ اﻟﺤﺎرﺣ ﮵ﻰ ﮶ ٔ اﻟﻌﻤالء ،اﻟﻤﻮرد ﮵ﮟ ،اﻟﻤ ﮲ﺎ ﮲ ﺴ ﮵ﮟ. ﮲ ﮲ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻌﺎت. االﺳ ﺴﺎر ﮵ ﮵ﮟ ،ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟ ﮳ﺤﺚ واﻟ ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ،﮳ ﮴ ﮲ ﮴﮶ اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮶ﺴﻮرات اﻟ ﮳ﺤ ﮶ ﮵ﺔ واﻟﻤﻬ ﮲ ﮵ﺔ ،اال ﮲ ﮴ﺮ ﮲ﺖ ،وﺳﺎ ٔﻞ االﻋالم. اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض واﻟ ﮲ﺪوات واﻟﻤﺆ ﮴ﻤﺮات اﻟﻤ ﮴ ﮲ﺤﺼﺼﺔ. اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﮶ﻤﺮون. اﻟﺴﻬﺎدات. ﮲ ﮳ اﻟﻤﺤ ﮴ ﺮات اﻟﻤﻌ ﮴ﻤﺪة ،وكاالت اﺻﺪار ﮶ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ واﻟ ﮴ ﻄﺎع اﻟﻌﺎم. اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ. ﮵ اﻟ ﮴ﻮاﺻﻞ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. ﻌﺮ ﮵ ﮲ﺮ ﮲ ﮴ ﻰ ﮵ ﮲ اﻟﻌﻤالء دور ﺔ ﮵ أﻫﻤ اال ﮳ ﮴ كار اﻟﻌﻤالء :اﻟﺬ ﮵ﮟ ﮴ﻢ ٕا ﮲ ﮴ﺎج اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ ﻟﻬﻢ ،ﻟﻬﻢ ا ٔالﻫﻤ ﮵ﺔ اﻟ ﮴ﺎﻟ ﮵ﺔ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ اال ﮳ ﮴كار: اﻟﺤ ﮵ﺪة واﻟﺴ ﮵ ٔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ ﮳ﺴ ﮳ﺐ ﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺤﺪ ﮵ﺪ اﻟﻤ ﮵ﺮات ﮳ ﮵ﻤﻜ ﻬﻢ ﮳ ﮲ ﮲ ﮴ ﮲ االﺳ ﮴ ﮲ﺤﺪام اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ﻤﺮ ﻟﻪ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﮲ ﻬﻢ ﮲ﺣ ﮳ﺮاء و ﮴ ﺎدرون ﻋﻠﻰ ٕاﻋﻄﺎء أ ﮲ كار ﻣﻤ ﮵ ﮲ﺮة. ﮵ﻤﻜ ﮲ﻬﻢ ﮴ﺤﺪ ﮵ﺪ اﻟﻤﻤ ﮵ ﮲ﺮات اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﻰ ﮴ﺤ ﮴ﺎج ٕاﻟﻰ ﮴ﺤﺴ ﮵ﮟ. ﮲ ﮵ﻤﻜ ﮲ﻬﻢ ﮴ﺤﺪ ﮵ﺪ ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮵ ﮲ﺼﺎف ﻟﻠﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ ﮴ ﮵ﻤﺔ ،و ﮴ﻮ ﮲ ﮵ﺮ اﻟﻮ ﮴ ﺖ واﻟﻤﺎل... ، ﮵ﻤﻜ ﮲ﻬﻢ ﮴ ﮴ ﺪ ﮵ﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﮴ﺤﺪ ﮵ﺪ اﻟﻤ ﮵ ﮲ﺮات اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﮴ ﮳ﻠ ﮵ﺔ. © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. اﻟﻌال ﮴ ﺔ اﻟ ﮴ كاﻣﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﮳ ﮵ﮟ اﻟﻌﻤالء ﮲ ﻌﺮ ﮵ ﮲ﺮ اال ﮳ ﮴ كار واﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﮴ ﮲ ﮶ كارا ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻤالء؟ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻛﺔ ان ﮴ﻮﻟﺪ أ ﮲ ً ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮵ ﻤﻜﮟ ﮶ ﻣﺴ ﮴ ﺮك ( co-creation - ﺎء ﺴ ﮲ ﮲ٕ )ا ﮶ ﮶ را ﮴ ﺐ ﻛ ﮵ ﮲ ﮵ﺔ اﺳ ﮴ ﮲ﺤﺪام اﻟﻌﻤالء ﻟﻠﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ. اﺳ ٔ ل اﻟﻌﻤالء ﻋﮟ اﻟﺼﻌﻮ ﮳ﺎت ﮲ ﮵ﻰ اﺳ ﮴ ﮲ﺤﺪام اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎت. ﮲ اﺳ ٔ ل اﻟﻌﻤالء ﻋﮟ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ اﻟﻤ ﮵ ﮲ﺮات ﮲ ﮵ﻰ اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎت واﻟﻤكاﺳﺐ اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﻰ ﮵ﺤ ﮴ ﮴ ﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﮟ ﮲ ﮲ اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ ﻤﺎﻋﻰ ال ﮴ ﮴ﺮاح أ ﮲ كار ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة. االﺣ ﮴ ﮵ اﺳ ﮲ﺤﺪم ﻣﻮا ﮴ ﻊ اﻟﻮ ﮵ﺐ /وﺳﺎ ﻞ اﻟ ﻮاﺻﻞ ﮳ ﮴ ٔ ﮴ ﻤﻌﺎ ﻣﮟ اﻟﻤﻬ ﮴ﻤ ﮵ﮟ اﻟﺬ ﮵ﮟ ﮵ ﮲ﺎ ﮴ ﮶ﺴﻮن أ ﮲ كار ﻣ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎ ﮴ﻚ ﮳ﻄﺮ ﮵ ﮴ ﺔ ﮲ ﻌﺎﻟﺔ. ﻣﺤ ﮴ ً أ ﺴﻰ ﮳ ﮲ ﮲ ﮲ ﮲﮶ ٔ أ ﮲ ﮶ﺴﻰ ﺣﺎ ﮲ ﮲ﺮ ًا ﻟﻠﻌﻤالء ﻟ ﮴ﺤﺴ ﮵ﮟ ﻣ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﻚ. ﮲ ٔ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. كارا ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة ﻣﮟ ً ﮲ أ ﻮﻟﺪ ﮴ ﻒ ﮵ ﻛ ﺎ، ﮵ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮲ ً اﻟﻌﻤالء؟ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﻋﺎم ، 2004اﺳ ﮴ ﮲ﺤﺪﻣﺖ LEGOﻟ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ﻣ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎ ﮴ﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺤﻠﻖ أ ﮲ كار ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة ﻣﮟ ﮲ ﮵ﺴﻤﻰ ﮳ﺎﻟﻤﺼﺪر اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ﻮح وﻫﻮ ﻣ ﮲ﺼﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ .ﻣ ﮲ﺬ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤ ﮵ﮟ ،﮴ﻠ ﮴ ﮲ﻮا ﮶ ﺎرجﺣ﮲ ﮟ ﮲ﺣالل أ ﮲ كار ا ٔال ﮲ﺣﺮ ﮵ ا ﮴ ﮴ﺮاﺣﺎت ﻣﮟ أﻛ ﮶ﺮ ﮲ ﻣﮟ ﻣﻠ ﮵ﻮن ﮶ﺳ ﮲ﺤﺺ ،وﻣﮟ ﮲ﺣالل ﮴ﺼﻮ ﺖ ﮵ ﮲ ﺎﺣ ﮴ ﮵ ﮲ﺎر أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ا ٔال ﮲ كار. ﮲ ﮳ ﺪأت ﮳ ﺎﻮﻋ ﮵ ﺳ ٔ ﮶ ﮶ ًﺮ ﻛ الﻋﻠﻰ اال كار ا ﮲ ٔ﮲ اﻟﻤﻬ ﻤ ﮵ﮟ ﮲ ﮴ ﮲ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ أوا ٔﻞ ﻋﺎم ، 2018أﻃﻠ ﮴ ﺖ ا ﮵ﻜ ﮵ﺎ Co-Create IKEA وﻫﻰ ﻣ ﮲ﺼﺔ ر ﮴ ﻤ ﮵ﺔ ﮴ ﮶ﺴ ﮳ﺤﻊ اﻟﻌﻤالء واﻟﻤﻬ ﮴ﻤ ﮵ﮟ )ا ﮲ ﮶ﺴﺎء ا ﮵ﻜ ﮵ﺎ ً ﻣﻌﺎ( ،﮵ ﮲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ﻣ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎت ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة ﻟﻬﺎ. © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. أﻫﻤ ﮵ﺔ اال ﮴ﺼﺎل اﻟ ﮲ ﻌﺎل ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ اال ﮳ ﮴ كار ﺤﺎﺣﺔ ٕاﻟﻰ ﮳ ﮲ﺎء ﮲ﻈﺎم ﮴ﻮاﺻﻞ ﮳ﺴلك ﻋﺎم ،ﻈﺮا ٔالن ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ٔ ﮵ﻰ ﻣﮟ ﮲ﺣﺎرج اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ ،﮲ ٔ ﺎ ﮳ ﮳ ﮲ ﮶ ﮴ ﮴ ﮲ ً ﮶ ﮲ الﺳ ﮳ﺎب اﻟ ﮴ﺎﻟ ﮵ﺔ: ﮲ ﻌﺎل ﻟ ٔ ﮴ﺤﻜﻢ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﮴ﺪ ﮲ ﻖ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮲ ﮵ﻰ كلا اال ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎﻫ ﮵ﮟ. ﮲ ﻣﺼﺎ ﮲ ﺔ(. ﻮﺻﺎء ﮲ ﺤ ﮴ ﻖ ﻣﮟ أن ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮵ ﻢ ﮴ ﻠﻬﺎ ﮳ﺴلك ﺻﺤ ﮵ﺢ )ال ﮳ ﻮﺣﺪ ﮲ﺻ ﮲ ﮴ ﮶ ﮴ ﮲ ﮲ ﮴ اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﺎم ﮳ ﮶ﺎﺳﺮاك اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ اﻟ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ اﻟ ﮲ ﮴ﺎ ٔ جﺢ. االﺣ ﮴ ﮳ﺎرات اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﮴ ﮳ﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﮲ﻟﺼﻤﺎن اﻟﻤﻮ ﮶ﻮ ﮴ ﮵ﺔ. اﺳﺮاك اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﮲ ﮶ اﻟﻤﺮ ﮵ﺪ ﻣﮟ ا ٔال ﮲ كار )ﺣﺎ ﮲ ﮲ﺮ(. ﮲ ﻢ ﺳ ﮳ﺤﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﻋﻠﻰ ﮴ ﺪ ﮵ ﮴ ﮶ ﮲ وﺣﻮد ﻋال ﮴ ﺎت ﮴ ﻮ ﮵ﺔ ﻣﻊ ﮲ اﻟﺤﺎرج ﺤﺎﺣﺔ ٕاﻟﻰ ﮳ ﻫﺬا ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴ ﮳ﺐ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ أ ﺎ ﮳ ﮳ ﮲﮲ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. ﻌﺮ ﮵ ﮲ﺮ اال ﮳ ﮴ كار ﮲ ﮴ ﻰ ﮵ ﮲ ﮟ ﮵ ﮲ اﻟﻤﻮﻃ ﮲ دور ﮲ اﻟﻤﺤ ﮴ﻠ ﮲ ﺔ )ﺣ ﮴ﻰ أﻛ ﮶ﺮ ﻣﮟ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮲ اﻟﻤﻮﻃ ﮲ ﮵ﮟ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ا ٔال ﮴ ﺴﺎم ﮲ ﮴ ٔ ﮴ ﮵ﻰ اﻟﻌﺪ ﮵ﺪ ﻣﮟ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﻣﮟ داﺣﻞ كار ال ﻟ اﺤﺚ واﻟ ﻄﻮ ﮵ ﮲ﺮ( ،ﻣﻤﺎ ﮵ﻌ ﻰ أن ﻟﺪ ﮵ ﺎ ﻣﺼﺪرا ﻮ ﮵ﺎ ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮲ اﻟ ﺎدﻣﺔ ﻣﮟ ﮲ ﺴﻢ اﻟ ﮳ ﮲ ﮲ ً ﮴ ً ً ٔ﮲ ﮲ ﮲ ﮵ ﮴ ﮴ ﮴ اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ.﮲ ﮶ ﻣﺎ اﻟﺴ ﮳ﺐ وراء ذﻟﻚ؟ اﻟﻤﻮﻃ ﮲ ﻮن ﻟﺪ ﮵ ﮲ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ درا ﮵ﺔ ﻛ ﮳ ﮵ﺮة ﮳ﻤ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎ ﮴ ﮲ﺎ /﮲ﺣﺪﻣﺎ ﮴ ﮲ﺎ ،و ﮳ﺎﻟ ﮴ ﮵ ﺎﻟﻰ ﮲ ﮳ﻤﺮور اﻟﻮ ﮴ ﺖ ،ﺳ ﮵ﺼ ﮳ﺢ ﮲ ﻬﻢ ا ٔال ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ﻟ ﮴ﺤﺴ ﮵ ﮲ﻬﺎ. ﻌﺮز ﮶ ﮴ ﺎ ﮲ ﺔ اال ﮳ كار ،ﻣﮟ ﮳ أﺣﻞ ﮴ ﮲ داﺣﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ ﮵ ﮶ ﮲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ،﮲ﺤ ﮴ ﺎج ٕاﻟﻰ ﮳ ﮲ ﺎء ﮲ﻈﺎم ا ﮳ ﮴ كار ﮳ﺣ ﮵ﺪ ﮲ ﮴ ﮴ ﺪ ﮵ﻢ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ٕ اال ﮳ﺪاﻋ ﮵ﺔ ﮳ﺎﺳ ﮴ ﻤﺮار. © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. دﻣﺢ ﻣﺼﺎدر ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ج اال ﮳ ﮴ كار ﺎرﺣ ﮵ﺔ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ اال ﮳ ﮴كار ،ﻟﻠ ﮴ ٔ ﻛﺪ ﻣﮟ أن اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ واﻟﺤ ﮳ ﮲ اﻟﺪاﺣﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﮲ دﻣﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﮵ ﮳ﺤﺐ ج ﮲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤالء. ﮵ ﮴ ﮲ﺼﻤﮟ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ا ٔال ﮲ كار اال ﮳ ﮴كار ﮵ﺔ و ﮵ﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻤ ﮴ﻄﻠ ﮳ﺎت اﻟﺤ ﮴ ﮵ ﮴ ﮵ﺔ ﮲ اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ ) ﮴ ﺴﻢ اﻟ ﮴ﺴﻮ ﮵ﻖ، ﻫﺬا ﮵ ﮴ﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﮴ ﮲ﺴ ﮵ﻖ دا ٔﻤﺔ وﻣ ﮳ ﮴ﻜﺮة ﮳ ﮵ ﮲ﮟ ﮲ ﻣﺤ ﮴ﻠﻒ أ ﮴ ﺴﺎم ﮶ ﺎرﺣ ﮵ﺔ. ﮲ﺣﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻤالء ،﮴ ﺴﻢ اﻟ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ( واﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﮲ اﻟﺤ ﮳ ﺤﺎﺣﺔ الﺳ ﮴ ﺮا ﮴ ﮵ ﮳ﺤ ﮵ﺔ ﮴ ﮴ ﮳ ﮲ﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ﺎﻟﻰ ﮲ﺤﮟ ﮳ ﮳ ﮵ ﮴ و ﮳ﺎﻟ ﮲ اﻟ ﮲ ﮴ ﺎ ٔ جﺢ. © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺮ ٔ ﮵ﺴ ﮵ﺔ ﻟال ﮳ ﮴ كار ﻫﻞ ﻟﺪ ﮵ ﮲ﺎ اﺳ ﮴ﺮا ﮴ ﮵ ﮳ﺤ ﮵ﺔ ا ﮳ ﮴كار ﮲ واﺻﺤﺔ؟ اﻟ ﮳ﺤﺚ االﺣ ﮴ ﮵ﺎر ﮲ اﻟ ﮴ ﮲ ﮲ ﮵ﺬ اﻟ ﮴ ﮴ ﺎط اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﻤﺔ -ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮲ ﮳ﺤﺪ ﮲ ﺮص -ﻣﺎذا -ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮵ﻤﻜﮟ ان -ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮵ﻤﻜﮟ ان ﻟال ﮳ ﮴كار؟ ﺳ ﮲ ﮲ ﻌﻞ ﺤ ﻖ ﮲ ذﻟﻚ؟ ﮲ﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﮲اﻟ ﮲ ﻮا ٔﺪ وﻟﻤﺎذا؟ ﮲ ﮴ ﻣ ﮲ﻪ )ﻛﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ(؟ ﻫﻞ ﻟﺪ ﮵ ﮲ﺎ ﻣ ﮲ﻈﻤﺔ ا ﮳ ﮴كار ﮵ﺔ؟ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺮ ٔ ﮵ﺴ ﮵ﺔ ﻟال ﮳ ﮴ كار اﻟ ﮳ﺤﺚ: ﮴ﻮﻟ ﮵ﺪ أ ﮲ كار ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة.ﻫﺬا ﮵ﻤﻜﮟ أن ﮵ ٔ ﮴ ﮵ﻰ ﻣﮟ ﮴ ﺴﻢ اﻟ ﮳ﺤﺚ واﻟ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ،أو ﮴ ﮴ ﻠ ﮵ﺪ ا ٔال ﮲ﺣﺮ ﮵ﮟ ،أو ٕا ﮶ﺳﺎرات ﮲ اﻟﺴﻮق ،اﻟ ﮴ ﮲ﻮا ﮲ ﮵ﮟ اﻟﻤ ﮲ﻈﻤﺔ ،أو ﺳﻠﻮك ﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﻫﻮ: ال ا ﮲ ﺤﺪي اﻟ وﻟﻜﮟ ﻠﺔ ﮵ ﻃﻮ ﺤﺚ ﮳ اﻟ ﻤﺔ اﻟﻤ ﺎ ﺴ ﮵ﮟ.﮲ ﺎ ﮵ ٔ ﮲ ﮴ ﮲ ﮲ ﮲ ﮴ ٔ ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮲ ﮲ ﻈﻢ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﮳ﺤﺚ ﮲ ﻌﺎﻟﺔ الﻟ ﮴ ﮴ ﺎط ا ٔال ﮲ كار اﻟﻤﻮ ﮶ﻮ ﮴ ﺔ و ﮳ ﮴ لك ﮲ ﺔ ﻣ ﮴ ﮳ﻮﻟﺔ ،و ﮳ ﮶ﺴلك ﻣﺴ ﮴ ﻤﺮ؟ االﺣ ﮴ ﮵ﺎر: ﮲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﺢ أن ﮴ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﮲ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﮳ اﺣ ﮴ ﮵ﺎر أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ا ٔال ﮲ كار اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﻰ ﻣﮟ ﮲ ﮲ﺤ ﮴ﺎج ٕاﻟﻰ ﮲ اﻟ ﮲ﻤﻮ. ﻫﻰ ا ٔال ﮲ كار اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﻰ ﮴ﻤ ﮲ﺤ ﮲ﺎ ﮲ﺤ ﮴ﺎج ﻫ ﮲ﺎ ٕاﻟﻰ ﮴ ﮶ﺴﻜ ﮵ﻞ ﮲ﺣ ﮵ﺎر اﺳ ﮴ﺮا ﮴ ﮵ ﮳ﺤ ﮵ﻰ -ﻣﺎ ﮵ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ﮲ ﺮﺻﺔ ﻟ ﮲ﻜﻮن ا ٔال ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ اﻟﺴﻮق؟ ﻫﻞ ﻟﺪ ﮵ ﮲ﺎ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤ ﮲ﺎﺳ ﮳ﺔ ﻟ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ﻫﺬه ا ٔال ﮲ كار؟ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺮ ٔ ﮵ﺴ ﮵ﺔ ﻟال ﮳ ﮴ كار اﻟ ﮴ ﻄ ﮳ ﮵ﻖ: ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻤﻮس.ﻫﺬا ﮵ ﮴ﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد وو ﮴ ﮴ ًﺎ ﮵ ﮴ﺤﻮ ﮵ﻞ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ٕاﻟﻰ وا ﮴ ﻊ ﻣﺤ ﮴ﻠﻒ ا ٔال ﮲ﻮاع. ﻣﮟ ﮲ وﻣﺎال وﻣﻌﺮ ﮲ ﺔ ﻬﻮدا ً ً ﮳ وﺣ اﻟﻤﺴ ﮲ﺎر ﮵ﻊ اﻟ ﮴ ﮴ ﻠ ﮵ﺪ ﮵ﺔ ،﮲ ٕﺎن ﮴ﺤﺪي اال ﮳ ﮴كار ﮵ ﮴ﻌﻠﻖ ﮶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ٕادارة ﮳ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ﮶ﺳ ﮵ﻰء ر ﮳ﻤﺎ ﻟﻢ ﮵ ﮴ﻢ اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﺎم ﮳ﻪ ﻣﮟ ﮴ ﮳ﻞ ،وﻫﻮ ﮲ﻋ ﮵ﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﮳ ﮶ﺴلك ﮲ كاﻣﻞ. اﻟ ﮴ ﮴ ﺎط اﻟ ﮴ ﮵ﻤﺔ: ﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﻤكاﺳﺐ ﻣﮟ ﮵ ﮴ ﮵ﺔ )أو ﮲ ﺎ ٔﺪة( ؟ ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮲ ﮵ ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮲ ﮲ﺤﻠﻖ ﮴ ﮵ﻤﺔ ﺣ ﮴ ﮴ ﮳ﻞ ا ٓال ﮲ﺣﺮ ﮵ﮟ؟ ﻛ ﮵ﻒ ﮲ﺤﺴﮟ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ اال ﮳ ﮴كار ﮲ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﺳﻮء االﺳ ﮴ ﮲ﺤﺪام ﻣﮟ ﮲ ﮲ ﮲ اﻟﻤﺴ ﮴ ﮴ ﮳ﻞ؟ © 2021 Pearson Education Limited. All Rights Reserved. اﻟﺤالﺻﺔ ﮲ ﻫ ﮲ﺎك اﻟﻌﺪ ﮵ﺪ ﻣﮟ ﻣﺼﺎدر اال ﮳ ﮴كار ،ﻟﻜﮟ ﮵ ﮳ﺤﺐ ٕا ﮵ ﮳ﺤﺎد ﻃﺮ ﮵ ﮴ ﺔ ﮲ ﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ لك ﻣﺴ ﮴ﻤﺮ ) ﮲ ﻜﺮة االﺳ ﮴ ﮲ﺪاﻣﺔ( اال كار و ﮳ﺴ ﮲ ﮶ ٔ﮲ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﮲ كار ﺔ واﻟﺪاﺣﻠ ﮵ ﮲ ﺔ ﺎرﺣ ﮵ اﻟﺤ ﮳ ﮲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر ﮟ ﮴ ﺎﻃﻊ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮳ ﮵ ﮶ ﮲ ﮴ ﻣﻤ ﮵ ﮲ﺮة ﮴ﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﮲ ﮵ﻰ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ ﮳ﺤﺎت ﺴﺢ ﮳ﺣﺪ ﮵ﺪة ﻣﮟ اﻟﻤ ﮲ ﮴ جﺢ ،﮲ ٕﺎن ﮲ ﮲ ﮳ﻤﺎ أن ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﮴ﻄﻮ ﮵ﺮ ا ٔال ﮲ كار ﮵ ﻫﻰ ﻋﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﻣ ﮴ﻜﺮرة ٕال ﮲ ﮴ﺎج ﺤﺎﺣﺔ الﺳ ﮴ﺮا ﮴ ﮵ ﮳ﺤ ﮵ﺔ ﮲ ﻌﺎل ﮴ ﮴ﺤﻜﻢ ﮳ﻬﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠ ﮵ﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﮲ﻋﻠﻰ أ ﮲ ﮲ﺼﻞ اﻟ ﮲ ﮴ﺎ ٔ جﺢ اﻟﺴﺮﻛﺔ ﮳ ﮳ ﮶