Freedom of the Human Person PDF

ἐλευθερ ία  The Freedom of the Human φ Person LESSON Freedom 1: Ethics and Conduct LESSON Divine Command 2: Theory and Natural Law LESSON LESSON Theory 3: 4: Categorical Imperative Theory and Utilitariani...

ἐλευθερ ία  The Freedom of the Human φ Person LESSON Freedom 1: Ethics and Conduct LESSON Divine Command 2: Theory and Natural Law LESSON LESSON Theory 3: 4: Categorical Imperative Theory and Utilitarianism  The Freedom of the Human φ Person LESSON Freedom 1: Ethics and Conduct LESSON Divine Command 2: Theory and Natural Law LESSON LESSON Theory 3: 4: Categorical Imperative Theory and Utilitarianism  φ #princip le LET’S φ EXPLORE REMIND REVIEW Are you EXPLORE familiar with DISCUSS SUMMARIZE the name ASSESS “Joe Chill”? #princip Joe LET’S φ EXPLORE Joe Chill was the thief REMIND REVIEW who killed Mr. Thomas EXPLORE DISCUSS Wayne and Mrs. SUMMARIZE Martha Wayne from ASSESS Gotham City. #princip #princip LET’S φ EXPLORE The young Bruce REMIND REVIEW Wayne was EXPLORE DISCUSS traumatized, inspiring SUMMARIZE his PROMISE to ASSESS avenge the deaths of his parents… #princip LET’S φ EXPLORE …by fighting crimes REMIND REVIEW as a hero in EXPLORE DISCUSS Gotham. And he SUMMARIZE shall be called: ASSESS The Batman #princip #princip LET’S φ EXPLORE The Batman has REMIND REVIEW EXPLORE one #principle DISCUSS that he never SUMMARIZE breaks no matter ASSESS what. #princip “NO KILL LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND REVIEW EXPLORE DISCUSS SUMMARIZE ASSESS #princip  Divine Categori Natural Utilitariani Comma cal sm nd Theory Imperativ Law Theory e Theory Theory  How can we know if a certain action is morally good? LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “A certain Categorical REVIEW action is Imperatives Theory EXPLORE good DISCUSS because it is SUMMARIZE ASSESS universalizable.” #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND Immanuel Kant, a Categorical REVIEW ModernTheoryphilosopher, Imperatives EXPLORE proposed this theory. DISCUSS SUMMARIZE ASSESS #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND Kant argued that Categorical REVIEW Moral Laws Imperatives Theory are EXPLORE imperatives, meaning DISCUSS SUMMARIZE they are necessary, ASSESS universal and objective. #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND It means that all Categorical REVIEW Moral Laws Imperatives Theory apply to EXPLORE all people without DISCUSS SUMMARIZE room for excuses. ASSESS #princip  φ #princip le LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “Act as you would Categorical REVIEW want all Imperatives other Theory EXPLORE people to act DISCUSS SUMMARIZE towards all other ASSESS people.” -Immanuel Kant #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “Act only according to Categorical REVIEW that principle Imperatives Theory which EXPLORE you can at the same DISCUSS time want that it SUMMARIZE should become a ASSESS universal moral law without contradiction.” #princip  φ #princip le LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “A certain Categorical REVIEW action is Imperatives Theory EXPLORE good DISCUSS because it is SUMMARIZE ASSESS universalizable.” #princip  Is STEALIN G universalizabl e? LET’S φ DISCUSS If you approve REMIND Categorical REVIEW and practice Imperatives EXPLORE Theory the DISCUSS act of stealing SUMMARIZE then you ASSESS are universalizing the action. #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS “Every time REMIND you Categorical REVIEW steal Theory Imperatives EXPLORE DISCUSS it is as if you are SUMMARIZE telling that ASSESS everyone can steal anytime.” #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS “But the act of REMIND Categorical REVIEW stealing— Imperatives EXPLORE Theory taking or DISCUSS using something SUMMARIZE that does not ASSESS belong to you without permission– is NOT #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS “So it must not be REMIND Categorical REVIEW practiced Imperatives EXPLORE Theoryby DISCUSS anyone, SUMMARIZE anytime, ASSESS no excuses. “ #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “Therefore, Categorical REVIEW STEALING Imperatives EXPLORE Theory IS ALWAYS DISCUSS BAD no matter the SUMMARIZE reason, ASSESS circumstance, or excuse.” #princip  Is TELLING LIES universalizabl e? LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “Telling lies is not Categorical REVIEW universalizable. Imperatives EXPLORE Theory DISCUSS Therefore, TELLING SUMMARIZE LIES IS ALWAYS ASSESS BAD no matter the reason, circumstance, or #princip —Is your uncle inside?  What if someone with an axe comes to your house and ask if your uncle is around because that someone will kill him, can you  φ Immanuel Kant will say:  φ Immanuel Kant will say:  Principle: Killing is always bad. The Batman will never kill the Joker or anyone, no matter what. Not eve n Joe Chill  If you have the ability to stop a killer by killing him, and you don’t, is that morally good?  Divine Categori Natural Utilitariani Comma cal sm nd Theory Imperativ Law Theory e Theory Theory LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND “A certain Utilitarianism REVIEW Theory action is EXPLORE good DISCUSS greater it benefits because number of SUMMARIZE ASSESS the individuals.” #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND Epicurus, a Greek Utilitarianism Theory REVIEW EXPLORE philosopher, DISCUSS proposed this SUMMARIZE theory. ASSESS #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND Epicurus said, “All of Utilitarianism Theory REVIEW us want to be happy, EXPLORE so why not based DISCUSS the moral laws on SUMMARIZE the happiness or ASSESS pleasure our actions produce.” #princip LET’S φ Utilitarianism DISCUSS Theory REMIND “You must act so REVIEW that your action or EXPLORE your choice will DISCUSS produce the most SUMMARIZE overall happiness ASSESS or pleasure for the group… #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND Utilitarianism Theory REVIEW …even though EXPLORE sometimes it DISCUSS produces less SUMMARIZE happiness for you.” ASSESS #princip  Your brother Some strangers LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND If you approve Utilitarianism Theory REVIEW EXPLORE Utilitarianism, you DISCUSS must be willing to SUMMARIZE sacrifice your one ASSESS brother for the sake of the five strangers. #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND BecauseTheory Utilitarianism it will REVIEW EXPLORE produce the greater DISCUSS happiness and SUMMARIZE lesser suffering even ASSESS if it will mean lesser happiness for you. #princip “These 20 indigenous people shall be executed for complaining against the government.” “But if you shoot one of these indigenous people, I will let the other 19 go.”. ” “Will you shoot one these innocent people?” Immanuel Kant (Categorical Imperative Theory) Epicurus (Utilitarianism Theory) The Joker: Why won’t you kill me Batman?  Or is that morally bad because you refused to do what needs to be done? LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND The character BATMAN REVIEW lived out a Categorical EXPLORE Imperative Theory of DISCUSS Goodness, that’s why SUMMARIZE he would save people ASSESS in need but he wouldn’t kill the JOKER. #princip LET’S φ DISCUSS REMIND But if the Batman REVIEW advocated EXPLORE Utilitarianism Theory, DISCUSS he would have killed SUMMARIZE the JOKER and other ASSESS villains long time ago. #princip  “We live in a world where sometimes people do terrible things. And, if we are the ones who can do something to make things better, WE MUST. Even if that means getting our hands dirty.”  Divine Categori Natural Utilitariani Comma cal sm nd Theory Imperativ Law Theory e Theory Theory LET’S φ ASSESS Individual REMIND Activity 5.4 In a short bond paper, REVIEW evaluate the four EXPLORE Theories of Goodness. DISCUSS Choose which one you SUMMARIZE personally want to be ASSESS your default ethical view on your moral actions. Explain your answer. #princip LET’S φ ASSESS 1. Divine Command REMIND REVIEW Theory EXPLORE (God’s Word) DISCUSS 2. Natural Law Theory (Conscience and Natural SUMMARIZE Goods) ASSESS 3. Categorical Imperatives Theory (Principles) #princip LET’S φ ASSESS 1. Divine Command REMIND REVIEW Theory EXPLORE (If you are someone who is ready to obey God’s order and DISCUSS command even if you don’t fully SUMMARIZE understand His reason, this is the ASSESS theory for you.) #princip LET’S φ ASSESS 2. Natural Law Theory REMIND (If you are someone who is REVIEW sensitive to your inner voice and EXPLORE feeling, and if you are someone DISCUSS who has an established SUMMARIZE conscience, then this is the theory ASSESS for you.) #princip LET’S φ ASSESS 3. Categorical Imperative REMIND REVIEW Theory EXPLORE (If you are someone who have a set of moral principles that you DISCUSS can strictly follow without room for SUMMARIZE excuses, then this is the theory for ASSESS you.) #princip LET’S φ ASSESS 4. Utilitarianism Theory REMIND (If you are someone who based REVIEW your action its main consequences EXPLORE and if you are someone who DISCUSS prioritizes the greater good of the SUMMARIZE greater number of individuals, then ASSESS this is the theory for you.) #princip  “You will never go wrong obeying God.” G od said:“Abraham, only one, take your son Isaac, your whom you love and go to the land of Moriah. Kill him there and offer him up as a burnt offering.”  be it about things evil in themselves or morally indifferent, in such wise that he who acts sins” against his conscience always -St. Thomas Aquinas  “We live in a world where sometimes people do terrible things. And, if we are the ones who can do something to make things better, WE MUST. Even if that means getting our hands dirty.”