Lesson Overview 24.1 What Is An Animal? PDF

Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Lesson Overview 24.1 What is an Animal? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Period 1 Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Objectives: List the characteris...

Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Lesson Overview 24.1 What is an Animal? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Period 1 Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Objectives: List the characteristics that all animals share. Differentiate between invertebrates and chordates. Success Criteria: I can ALL: Provide examples of non-animals and explain why they cannot be animals. MOST: Identify and explain at least 3 key differences between invertebrates and chordates ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do the characteristics of multicellularity, heterotrophy, specialized tissues, and motility apply to the lion? Compare these traits to the mushroom, maple tree, and bacterium. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? What Is a Primate? Engage Vocabulary Heterotrophic Invertebrate https://www.etymonline.com/ Vertebrate Chordate ROOT WORDS HINT: If you break down some terms into two parts it may help you understand it better. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Engage Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Characteristics of Animals What characteristics do all animals share? Multicellular: their bodies are composed of many cells. Heterotrophic: they obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms. Eukaryotic organisms: containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Their cells lack cell walls. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Suppose you were studying the cell walls of a multicellular organism under a microscope. Were you studying an animal? Explain your answer. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Engage Types of Animals What characteristics distinguish invertebrates and chordates? The prefix in- can mean “in, on, or not.” In the term invertebrate, which definition do you think fits the prefix in- and why? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Types of Animals Explore What characteristics distinguish invertebrates and chordates? Invertebrates include all animals that lack a backbone, or vertebral column. Invertebrates lack a backbone, or vertebral column. More than 95 percent of animal species are invertebrates. E.X: sea stars, worms, jellyfishes, and insects. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explore Types of Animals What characteristics distinguish invertebrates and chordates? All chordates exhibit four characteristics during at least one stage of life: 1- dorsal, hollow nerve cord: 2- notochord 3-Tail that extends beyond the anus 4- pharyngeal pouches Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Chordates Explain Fewer than 5 percent of animal species are chordates, members of the clade commonly known as Phylum Chordata. The hollow nerve cord runs along the dorsal (back) part of the body. Nerves branch from this cord at intervals. It later develops into the brain and spinal cord The notochord is a long supporting skeletal rod that runs through the body just below the nerve cord. Most chordates have a notochord only when they are embryos, it later develops into the vertebral column Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Chordates At some point in their lives, all chordates have a tail that extends beyond the anus. Pharyngeal pouches are paired structures in the throat region, which is also called the pharynx. In some chordates, such as fishes, slits develop that connect pharyngeal pouches to the outside of the body. The pharyngeal pouches may develop into gills used for gas exchange. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Evaluate: Look at the diagram of a chordate. Write the name of the labeled structure on the lines below. 1-hollow nerve cord 2- pharyngeal pouches 3-Tail that extends beyond the anus 4- notochord Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explore Chordates are divided into two groups: vertebrate chordates and non- vertebrate chordates. Vertebrates chordates: notochord is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone). Non- vertebrate chordates: notochord is not replaced by the vertebral column (backbone). Ex: Tunicates and Lancelets( marine animals) Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Evaluate VARK-Based Learning Menu Starter: (complete all) For each missing entry, circle the word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. (Invertebrates / Vertebrates) include all animals that lack a vertebral column, such as worms, insects, and snails. At some point in their lives, all (invertebrates / chordates) have a dorsal, hollow (nerve cord / digestive tract), a tail that extends beyond the anus, and (pharyngeal pouches / a nerve cord) that may develop into gills. Most chordates—including fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals—are (chordates / vertebrates) that develop a(n) (exoskeleton / backbone). Main Dish: (choose one) 3- Are all Chordates vertebrates? Explain your answer. 4- Both snakes and earthworms have long, streamlined body shapes, but snakes are vertebrates and earthworms are not. Why are they classified differently despite their similarity in appearance? Desert: (optional) 6- Write a brief essay explaining why not all chordates are vertebrates. Then, compare and contrast the classification of snakes and earthworms in a short paragraph, focusing on the specific features that justify their different classifications.. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Period 2 Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Objectives: List and discuss the essential functions that animals perform to survive. Success Criteria: I can: ALL: Explain at least 4 essential functions animals perform to survive. MOST: Demonstrate a deeper understanding by linking these functions to adaptation, explaining how they have evolved to help animals survive in their specific environments. ESSENTIAL QUESTION When an animal’s body temperature becomes too high, the animal may release water onto its skin as sweat. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? What Animals Do to Survive Explore What essential functions must animals perform to survive and maintain homeostasis? Animals Maintain Homeostasis by Work with a partner, use your book pg. 801, 802 to complete the above map. Be ready for class discussion after finishing your task. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explore What Animals Do to Survive What essential functions must animals perform to survive? 1- Maintain homeostasis by: Gathering and responding to information. Obtaining and distributing oxygen and nutrients. Collecting and eliminating carbon dioxide and other wastes. 2- Animals also reproduce. Work with a partner, use your book pg. 801, 802 to complete questions 8, 9 and 10 in the work sheet provided. Be ready for class discussion after finishing your task. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Maintaining Homeostasis All organisms must keep their internal environment relatively stable, a process known as maintaining homeostasis. In animals, maintaining homeostasis is the most important function of all body systems. Homeostasis is maintained by feedback inhibition, or negative feedback, a system in which the product or result of a process limits the process itself. For example, if you get too cold, you shiver, using muscle activity to generate heat. If you get too hot, you sweat, which helps you lose heat. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Gathering and Responding to Information Explain Describe generally how an animal’s nervous and musculoskeletal systems work together to allow it to escape a predator. The nervous system gathers information using cells called receptors that respond to sound, light, chemicals, and other stimuli. Other nerve cells collect and process that information and determine how to respond. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Gathering and Responding to Information Some invertebrates have only a loose network of nerve cells, with no real center. Other invertebrates and most chordates have large numbers of nerve cells concentrated into a brain.  Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Let’s Check How Far Can You Go? 1- What system gathers information through receptors for sound, light, chemicals, and other stimuli? A. respiratory C. circulatory B. musculoskeletal D. nervous 2- Most chordates have a large number of nerve cells concentrated into a A. backbone. B. notochord. B. brain. D. pharyngeal pouch. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Gathering and Responding to Information Explain Describe generally how an animal’s nervous and musculoskeletal systems work together to allow it to escape a predator. Animals often respond to the information processed in their nervous system by moving. Muscle tissue generates force by contracting (becoming shorter) when stimulated by the nervous system. Muscles work with a supporting structure called a skeleton, Together, they form the musculoskeletal system. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Gathering and Responding to Information Skeletons vary widely from phylum to phylum. Some invertebrates, such as earthworms, have skeletons that are flexible and function through the use of fluid pressure. Insects and some other invertebrates have external skeletons. The hard shell of a lobster is an external skeleton. The bones of vertebrates form an internal skeleton. Your bones are part of your internal skeleton. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Let’s Check How Far Can You Go? 1. How does muscle tissue generate force? A. It stretches. B. It shortens. C. It inflates. D. It dilates. 2. How do the skeletons of insects and vertebrates differ? A. Insects have fluid skeletons. Vertebrates have external skeletons. B. Insects have external skeletons. Vertebrates have internal skeletons. C. Insects have internal skeletons. Vertebrates have external skeletons. D. Insects have external skeletons. Vertebrates have fluid skeletons. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Body Systems Interaction Activity We're diving into an exciting group activity focused on how different body systems interact to keep homeostasis. 1- Each group will select the questions associated with their chosen color-coded system. In your groups, discuss the two assigned questions. 2- After finishing your discussions, each group will present their findings to the class. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Body Systems Interaction Activity GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C Guiding Question: Guiding Question: Guiding Question: How does the body How does the body How does the body obtain oxygen, and what absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste, and happens to it once it what happens after what happens to it reaches the heart (red they enter the before it's expelled? circle)? Which two bloodstream? Which Which systems systems collaborate to two systems work collaborate to maintain make this process together to support this function? happen? this process? Critical Question: Critical Question: Critical Question: Why is it crucial for the Why is it important for Why is the movement body to eliminate oxygen to be delivered to of nutrients from food waste, and how does different parts of the important for the this process help body, and what role do body’s ability to stay maintain balance in you think this plays in balanced and function the body’s internal maintaining the balance correctly? environment? in the body? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Obtaining and Distributing Oxygen and Nutrients Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Obtaining and Distributing Oxygen and Nutrients Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Obtaining and Distributing Oxygen and Nutrients All animals must breathe to obtain oxygen. Explain Small animals that live in water or in wet places can “breathe” by allowing oxygen to diffuse across their skin. Larger animals use a respiratory system based on one of many different kinds of gills, lungs, or air passages. All animals must eat to obtain nutrients. Most animals have a digestive system that acquires food and breaks it down into forms cells can use. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Obtaining and Distributing Oxygen and Nutrients After acquiring oxygen and nutrients, animals must transport them to Explain cells throughout their bodies by using some kind of circulatory system. The structures and functions of respiratory and digestive systems must work together with circulatory systems. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Collecting and Eliminating CO2 and Other Wastes The circulatory system collects waste from cells and delivers it to the Explain respiratory or excretory systems for discharge. The collection and elimination of waste require close interaction between the circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems. Metabolic processes in animals generate carbon dioxide and other wastes that need to be eliminated through the respiratory system in many animals.  Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Reproducing Reproducing Most animals reproduce sexually, a process that helps create and maintain genetic diversity. Many invertebrates and a few vertebrates can also reproduce asexually, usually producing offspring genetically identical to the parent Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Let’s Check How Far Can You Go? 1. Which of these functions requires the coordinated actions of the digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems? A. gathering O2 and distributing it to body systems B. collecting and eliminating CO2 from tissues C. acquiring nutrients and distributing them to body systems D. collecting and eliminating metabolic wastes 2. How do the respiratory system and excretory system differ in the wastes they eliminate? A. The respiratory system eliminates carbon dioxide. The excretory system eliminates ammonia. B. The respiratory system eliminates wastes that contain nitrogen. The excretory system eliminates carbon-based wastes. C. The respiratory system eliminates oxygen and nitrogen. The excretory system eliminates ammonia. D. The respiratory system eliminates ammonia. The excretory system eliminates carbon dioxide. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Period 3 Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Objectives: Understand and describe the key features of an animal’s body plan. Success Criteria: I can ALL: Define what an animal's body plan is and list the major features that comprise it. MOST: Explain how different features of an animal’s body plan contribute to its classification within biological taxonomy. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What are the key features that define an animal’s body plan, and how do these features impact the classification and functionality of animals? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Engage Warm Up: Animal Body Plans Use this diagram to tap into your prior knowledge about the relationships between different organisms and their traits. How do these groups of organisms connect, and what traits have evolved over time? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Warm Up: Animal Body Plans As you go through the lesson and explore the slides, use this table to note down and summarize the key features of animal body plans. Fill in each box with the main ideas and details about the body structures, functions, and unique adaptations that animals use to survive. Get ready to dive into the incredible diversity of life and the fascinating ways animals are built Features of Body Plans Main Idea: Feature of Body Plan Details: Important structures or patterns of development Levels of organization Body symmetry Germ layers Body cavity Patterns of embryological development Segmentation Cephalization Limb formation Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Features of Body Plans Explore What is an animal’s body plan? An animal’s body plan is its shape, symmetry, and internal Organization. Each animal clade has a unique organization of particular body structures, often called a body plan, which are part of biological classification Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Features of Body Plans Explain Animal body plan features: ▪ Levels of organization ▪ Body symmetry ▪ Patterns of embryological development ▪ Segmentation ▪ Cephalization ▪ Limb formation Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explore Levels of Organization Group of cells A group of Sum of all Basic unit of Made up of that perform a organs working cells, tissues, structure different similar function together organs and Specialized by tissues that E.g.: epithelial, E.g.: Digestive organ systems size and shape work together. muscle, system for the job they E.g.: the heart connective and perform nervous tissues. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Body Symmetry Explore SAVVAS: INTERACTIVITY ANIMALS slide 5 and 6 Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Body Symmetry: The bodies of most animals exhibit some type of symmetry (arrangement of body parts around a central plane or axis) Radial symmetry Bilateral Symmetry A single imaginary plane divides the Body parts extend from a central body into left and right sides that are point. mirror images of one another. Any number of imaginary planes Animals with bilateral symmetry have drawn through the center of the body a definite surfaces called: could divide it into equal halves. Dorsal – back or upper surface Examples: cnidarian and sea Ventral – belly or lower surface Anemone, jelly fish and sea star. Anterior – head or front end Posterior – tail or hind end opposite the head Examples: worms, insects, chordates Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Work Sheet 2: Evaluate Questions 2 and 3 Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Patterns of Embryological Development Every animal that reproduces sexually begins life as a zygote, or fertilized egg. As the zygote begins to develop, it forms a blastula, a hollow ball of cells an inflated balloon As the blastula develops, it folds in on itself, forming an elongated structure with a tube that runs from one end to the other. This tube becomes the digestive tract. Explain Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Patterns of Embryological Development At first, this digestive tract has only a single opening to the outside. An efficient digestive tract, however, needs two openings: a mouth through which food enters and an anus through which wastes leave. In some animal clades the mouth develops first. In other animal clades, the anus develops first.  Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Think, Pair, Share: Under the microscope you observe the development of an unfamiliar embryo. Over several days, you observe as a cell mass (blastula) forms first, followed by the development of an embryonic stage called a gastrula. Next, the embryo continues to develop into an elongated structure with a tube that runs from one end of the embryo to the other, with only one opening to the outside. If the mouth of the embryo develops from this opening, could the embryo develop into a starfish? a. Yes, because starfish is invertebrate that develop a mouth first, followed by the anus. b. No, because starfish embryos develop the anus first, followed by the mouth opening. c. No, because starfish is radially symmetrical and do not go through the stages of blastula and gastrula. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Patterns of Embryological Development Differentiation of Germ Layers During embryological development, the cells of most animal embryos differentiate into three layers, called germ layers, a primary layer of cells: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The endoderm develops into the lining of the digestive tract and most of the respiratory system. The mesoderm develops into the muscles and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems. The ectoderm develops into the nervous system and the outer layer of the skin. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Patterns of Embryological Development Differentiation of Germ Layers Think, Pair, Share: How is the arrangement of the three germ layers in an embryo related to the arrangement of organ systems and tissues in an adult vertebrate? Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Let’s See How Far Can I Go? During the blastocyst stage of embryonic development, the embryo is organized into three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. How does each germ layer develop as the embryo grows? a. Each germ layer produces specific body tissues and organs. b. The three germ layers fuse together, and the united germ layers produce all body tissues and organs. c. The endoderm and ectoderm are shed, and the mesoderm produces all body tissues and organs. d. The mesoderm provides nutrients for the embryo, and the endoderm and ectoderm produce all body tissues and organs. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Patterns of Embryological Development Formation of a Body Cavity Most animals have some kind of body cavity—a fluid- filled space between the digestive tract and body wall, which contains internal organs. Your stomach and other digestive organs are suspended in your body cavity. A body cavity provides a space in which internal organs can be suspended and room for those organs to grow. Most complex animals have a type of body cavity called a coelom (seelum) as shown in Figure 24-6. Some invertebrates lack a body cavity, while others have only a primitive jellylike layer. Describe the differences among acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate body plan Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explore Segmentation: Repeating Parts When bilaterally symmetrical animals develop, their bodies divide into numerous repeated parts. Segmented animals should have some internal and external body parts that repeat on each side of the body. Different segments can specialize in performing functions such as information gathering, feeding, or movement. Classify the following animals as segmented or not segmented. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Explain Cephalization: Getting a Head Animals with bilateral symmetry typically exhibit cephalization, the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at their anterior end. This anterior end is called a head. The most successful animal groups, including arthropods and vertebrates, exhibit cephalization. Animals with heads usually move in a “head-first” direction so that the concentration of sense organs and nerve cells comes in contact with new parts of the environment first. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Think, Pair, Share: Which of the following invertebrates show cephalization? A. roundworms and sponges B. cnidarians and adult echinoderms C. flatworms and mollusks D. flatworms and cnidarians Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Limb Formation: Legs, Flippers, and Wings Explain Segmented, bilaterally symmetrical animals typically have external appendages on both sides of the body. These appendages vary from simple groups of bristles in some worms, to jointed legs in spiders, wings in dragonflies, and a wide range of limbs, including bird wings, dolphin flippers, and frog legs. Lesson Overview What is an Animal? Evaluate Work Sheet 2: Questions 1 SAVVAS: Science Skills Activity: Classifying an Unknown Animal