2024-Edition-Biochem-Manor-Student-Copy-1.pdf

MODULE 2: BIOCHEMISTRY Revised/questions by: Ser Loisse R. Mortel (2024) Other questions by: Noel S. Quiming Cedrix L. Cuaderno  Determine the pI of: a) Isoleucine pKa table (Fig. 3, p. 49) b)...

MODULE 2: BIOCHEMISTRY Revised/questions by: Ser Loisse R. Mortel (2024) Other questions by: Noel S. Quiming Cedrix L. Cuaderno  Determine the pI of: a) Isoleucine pKa table (Fig. 3, p. 49) b) Glu c) K SLRM2024 1) Which of the following amino acids is/are nonpolar? A) Tyrosine B) Tryptophan C) Lysine D) A and B E) B and C SLRM2020 2) What is the distinguishable group or moiety found in arginine’s R group? A) Indole B) Imidazole C) Guanidine D) Thioether E) Thiol SLRM2020 3) Which test detects the presence of aromatic amino acids? A) Ninhydrin Test B) Xanthoproteic Test C) Sakaguchi Test D) Millon-Nasse Test E) Biuret Test SLRM2020 4) Which stabilizes the helical or sheet-like shape of a peptide? A) ionic interactions B) peptide bonds C) disulfide bonds D) hydrogen bonds NSQ2020 5) Process of converting a peptide chain into free amino acids A) Melting B) Denaturation C) Splicing D) Hydrolysis SLRM2024 Lineweaver Burk is a “double reciprocal” plot SLRM2024  (Fig. 6 and Table 8, p. 53) SLRM2024 6) The protein portion of an enzyme is called A) Prosthetic group B) Apoenzyme C) Holoenzyme D) Zymogen E) Cofactor NSQ2020 7) Together with Mn2+, this vitamin is needed by the enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA A) Vitamin B1 B) Vitamin B6 C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin B7 SLRM2024 8) Vitamin B3 deficiency A) Beri-beri B) Cheilosis C) Pellagra D) Burning feet syndrome E) Peripheral neuropathy SLRM2024 9) What is the primary EC number of the enzyme serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase? A) 3 B) 1 C) 2 D) 5 SLRM2020 10) The enzyme that combines acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide into a longer malonyl-CoA should have an EC number of? A) 1.1.1.2 B) 3.2.1.2 C) 4.6.1.2 D) 6.4.1.2 SLRM2020 11) The higher the Km of a substrate, the ________ is its affinity to an enzyme A) higher B) lower C) n/a; Km is irrelevant to affinity SLRM2020 12) The Lineweaver-Burke plot below is typical for a substrate with what type of inhibitor? A) Competitive B) Noncompetitive C) Uncompetitive SLRM2020 13) Which of the following is incorrect? A) Ribose is an aldopentose B) Fructose is a ketopentose C) Glucose is an aldohexose D) Galactose is an aldohexose CLC2020 14) Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of A) Glucose and fructose B) Glucose and glucose C) Glucose and galactose D) Glucose and ribose CLC2020 15) D-glucose and D-mannose is a pair of A) Enantiomers B) Epimers C) Functional D) Diastereomers CLC2020 16) The correct name for the following sugar A) 𝛼-D-glucopyranose B) 𝛽-D-glucopyranose C) 𝛼-D-fructofuranose D) 𝛽-D-fructofuranose CLC2020 17) Oxidation of glucose at the first carbon yields A) Gluconic acid B) Aldonic acid C) Glucuronic acid D) Glucaric acid CLC2020 18) Specific test for galactose A) Barfoed’s test B) Bial’s test C) Mucic acid test D) Phloroglucinol test CLC2020 19) Which of these disaccharides will NOT produce a brick-red precipitate from the Benedict’s test? A) Glc-α1,4-Glc B) Gal-β1,4-Glc C) Glc-α1,α1-Glc D) Two of the choices E) All of the choices SLRM2024 (Fig 11 & Table 14, p. 56) SLRM2024 (Table 14, p. 56) SLRM2024 (Table 15, p. 56) SLRM2024 Classification of terpenoids (Table 17, p. 57) SLRM2024 20) Saturated fatty acid with 18 C A) Stearic acid B) Palmitoleic acid C) Oleic acid D) A and B E) A and C CLC2020 21) What is the appropriate delta notation? A) 18:6 Δ9,12,15 B) 18:4 Δ3,6,9,12 C) 18:3 Δ6,9,12 D) 18:4 Δ6,9,12,15 SLRM2020 22) Saponifiable lipids, EXCEPT A) Triglycerides B) Eicosanoids C) Waxes D) Phospholipids CLC2020 23) Lecithin, a major component of cell membranes, is A) Phosphatidylcholine B) Phosphatidylethanolamine C) Diphosphatidylglycerol D) Phosphatidylinositol CLC2020 24) Esters of long-chain fatty acids with long chain monohydric alcohols A) Phospholipids B) Triacylglycerol C) Waxes D) Sphingolipids CLC2020 25) This vitamin is found in green, leafy vegetables, and is needed for the synthesis of certain clotting factors A) Beta-carotene B) Calcitriol C) Alpha-tocopherol D) Phytonadione SLRM2024 26) Squalene is classified as a A) Monoterpene B) Diterpene C) Sesquiterpene D) Tetraterpene E) Triterpene SLRM2024 27) Which of the following is a critical autacoid that contributes to the early phase in hemostasis? A) Prostacyclin B) Leukotriene C) Prostaglandin D) Thromboxane CLC2020 (Table 19, p. 58) SLRM2024 (Table 19, p. 58) SLRM2024 28) What is the composition of nucleoside? A) Sugar + phosphate B) Base + phosphate C) Base + sugar D) Base + sugar + phosphate CLC2020 29) Which of the following can be found in an RNA sample? A) Thymines B) Deoxyribose C) Adenines D) Antiparallel strands CLC2020 30) What bond is the encircled part? A) Phosphodiester B) N-glycosidic C) Phosphoester D) Phosphoanhydride CLC2020 31) The most abundant and most common form of DNA A) A-DNA B) B-DNA C) C-DNA D) Z-DNA CLC2020 32) Which direction does genetic information flow during gene expression? A) DNA → Protein → RNA B) Protein → RNA → DNA C) RNA → Protein → DNA D) DNA → RNA → Protein CLC2020 33) The following are characteristics of DNA synthesis, EXCEPT A) Semiconservative process B) Bidirectional C) High fidelity due to proofreading D) Fully continuous E) Occurs during the S phase CLC2020 34) These are discontinuous stretches in which the lagging strand is initially synthesized during DNA replication A) Okazaki fragments B) Replication fork C) DNA ligase D) Origin of replication CLC2020 35) Which of the following is true regarding the process of transcription? A) Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes B) Transcription uses both strands of DNA to make mRNA C) Transcription requires DNA polymerase D) The three stages of transcription are initiation, elimination, and reduction CLC2020 36) In bacterial RNA synthesis, the function of factor  is to A) Connect the ribonucleotides in a growing chain B) Direct RNA polymerase to the coding region C) Enforce the end of transcription D) Interact with promoters in the noncoding region CLC2020 37a) The complementary DNA strand for the sequence: GATCAA A) CTGCUU B) CUAGUU C) CTAGTT D) TTAGTT SLRM2024 37b) The transcribed mRNA strand for the sequence: GATCAA A) CTGCUU B) CUAGUU C) CTAGTT D) TTAGTT SLRM2024 38) Which statement(s) about eukaryotic post- transcriptional modifications is/are true? A) Polyadenylation adds a poly-A tail at the 3’ end B) Capping adds a 7-methylcytosine at the 5’ end C) Splicing removes exons and binds remaining introns D) Two of the above E) All of the above CLC2020 39) The type of RNA that provides the amino acids to the ribosome upon double checking a particular codon A) mRNA B) rRNA C) snRNA D) tRNA CLC2020 40) Which of the following is the initiation codon? A) UGA B) AUG C) CUA D) GAA CLC2020 41) Which aspect of the genetic code expresses that it is possible for leucine to have 6 codons? A) Universal B) Degenerate C) Commaless D) Non-ambiguous CLC2020 42) In prokaryotes, the ribosomal binding site on the mRNA is called A) Hogness sequence B) Shine-Dalgarno sequence C) Pribnow sequence D) TATA box E) Kozak sequence CLC2020 43) Which post-translational modification is provided for by heat shock proteins such as hsp70? A) Targeting B) Ubiquitination C) Residue modifications D) Residue trimming E) Folding CLC2020 44a) During transcription, a mutation changed the sequence UGG-GUU-UGG-UGA to UGG-GUU-UGA-UGA. What kind of mutation happened? A) Missense transition B) Missense transversion C) Nonsense transition D) Nonsense transversion CLC2020 44b) During transcription, a mutation changed the sequence UGG-GUU-UGG-UGA to UGG-GUU-UGC-UGA. What kind of mutation happened? A) Missense transition B) Missense transversion C) Nonsense transition D) Nonsense transversion CLC2020 45) Trisomy 21 is also known as A) Patau syndrome Trisomy 8 Warkany Syndrome B) Turner syndrome Trisomy 13 Patau Syndrome Trisomy 18 Edward’s Syndrome C) Edward’s syndrome Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome D) Down syndrome XXY Klinefelter E) Klinefelter syndrome Syndrome XXX Superfemale Single X Turner Syndrome SLRM2024 46) Which of the following processes are catabolic? I. Glycogenesis II. Lipolysis III. Beta-oxidation IV. Fatty acid synthesis A) I and III C) II and III B) I, III, IV D) II and IV SLRM2020 47) Which of the following is true about glycolysis? A) It results to increased blood sugar B) It aims to produce acetyl-CoA from glucose C) It is catabolic D) The last five steps consume energy E) Takes place in the mitochondrion SLRM2020 48) Enzyme which catalyze irreversible reactions in glycolysis I. PFK II. Hexokinase III. Pyruvate dehydrogenase IV. Pyruvate kinase A) I B) I, II C) I, II, III D) I, II, IV SLRM2020 49) Which of the following is not true? A) There is NADH production in acetyl-CoA synthesis B) Pyruvate carboxylase converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde C) The conversion of pyruvate to ethanol requires the removal of a carbon D) The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is a reduction reaction SLRM2020 50) FADH2 is formed in which of the following reaction? A) citrate -> isocitrate B) malate -> OAA C) alpha-ketoglutarate -> succinyl-CoA D) succinate -> fumarate SLRM2020 51) Which of the following does NOT yield energy in the citric acid cycle? A) Citrate synthase B) Isocitrate dehydrogenase C) Succinyl-CoA synthetase D) Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E) Succinate dehydrogenase SLRM2020 52) Which of the following is true about the electron transport chain? A) It utilizes the NAD+ and FAD+ produced from the earlier phases of cell respiration B) NADH enters complex I, and FADH2 enters complex II C) The electron transport chain can be utilized to generate heat in white adipose tissue D) ATP is produced by complex IV by utilizing the proton gradient that was generated by the ETC SLRM2020 53) Cyanide and carbon monoxide interfere with what complex, given it is where oxygen lies? A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V SLRM2020 54) What is the energy yield from anaerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose? A) 2 B) 10 C) 32 D) 38 SLRM2020 55) Which of the enzymes involve the reversal of the process done by hexokinase in glycolysis? A) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B) pyruvate carboxylase C) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase D) glucose-6-phosphatase SLRM2020 56) Which of the following enzymes is responsible for breakdown of α1,4 bonds in glycogen? A) glycogen synthase B) debranching enzyme C) glycogen phosphorylase D) phosphoglucomutase SLRM2020 57) What GSD # involves deficiency of glycogen synthase? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 SLRM2020 58) What is the likely name of process 1? A) glycogenesis B) glycolysis C) glycogenolysis D) gluconeogenesis SLRM2020 59) In process 2, what enzyme(s) is/are involved? A) glycogen phosphorylase B) glycogen synthase C) branching enzyme D) two of the choices E) all of the choices SLRM2020 60) What is the purpose of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway? A) to control oxidative stress B) to assist in fat breakdown C) to aid in blood sugar regulation D) to aid in DNA synthesis SLRM2020 61) Which of the following statements is not true about the oxidative phase? A) Participation of G6P dehydrogenase B) Generation of oxidized NADP which can be used for lipid biosynthesis C) Production of ribulose-5-phosphate D) Provides endogenous antioxidant activity SLRM2020 62) Which of the following is FALSE about beta-oxidation? A) It is a catabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix via the help of L-carnitine B) It involves the processing of lipids into usable ATP and is performed by many cells in the human body C) Two-carbon fragments are removed in beta-oxidation as malonyl-CoA for further energy utilization D) The more carbons, the more energy expected SLRM2024 63) Which of the following enzymes is most crucial in the path to forming endogenous cortisol? A) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase B) HMG-CoA lyase C) Carnitine palmitoyltransferase D) HMG-CoA reductase SLRM2024 64) Which is/are true about ketogenesis? I. Includes acetone, acetoacetate, and y-hydroxybutyrate II. Happens in the fasted state III. Triggered by release of glucagon IV. Occurs in the cytosol A) I D) II and IV B) I and II E) I, II and IV C) II and III SLRM2020 65) Which disease(s) is/are related to metabolism of sphingolipids I. Niemann-Pick disease II. Pompe’s disease III. Metachromatic leukodystrophy IV. Fabry’s disease V. Essential fructosuria A) I, III, and IV D) I, III, and V B) II and III E) I, II, III, and IV C) I and IV SLRM2020 66) Which of the following statements is WRONG regarding the function of insulin? A) Promotes fat gain B) Functions in a person that has just eaten C) Stimulates phosphofructokinase D) Inhibits formation of ketone bodies E) Inhibits malonyl-CoA formation SLRM2020 67) Which is the precursor of pyrimidine nucleotides? A) orotidine monophosphate B) inosine monophosphate C) xanthosine monophosphate D) uridine monophosphate SLRM2020 68) Which of the following are involved in purine metabolism? I. Xanthine oxidase II. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase III. Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase IV. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase A) I, II, and III B) I, II, and IV C) I, III, and IV D) II, III, and IV SLRM2020 69) Which is/are true about nitrogen metabolism? A) Ammonia is sourced from deamination of amino acids in the liver B) Transamination always produces a pair of products, one amino acid and one keto acid C) The waste product of proteins is urate, produced in the liver then passed to the kidney for excretion D) A and B E) All of the choices SLRM2024 70) What is the keto-acid produced from the transamination of aspartate? A) Pyruvate B) Oxaloacetate C) Alpha-ketoglutarate D) Acetoacetate E) Beta-hydroxybutyrate SLRM2020 71) Enzyme N A) Arginase B) Argininosuccinase C) Argininosuccinate synthetase D) Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase E) Ornithine transcarbamoylase 72) Which of the following pairs shows the proper IEM and the amino acids that accumulate? A) phenylketonuria - phenylalanine B) albinism - tryptophan C) MSUD – isoleucine, leucine, and alanine D) two of the choices E) all of the choices SLRM2020 73) Which of the following pathways does not occur at all inside the mitochondrion, nor within the mitochondrial membranes? A) urea cycle B) citric acid cycle C) glycolysis D) beta-oxidation E) oxidative phosphorylation SLRM2020 74) Which enzyme catalyzes this reaction: Pyruvate → OAA A) Pyruvate decarboxylase B) Pyruvate carboxylase C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex D) Pyruvate kinase E) Pyruvate transaminase SLRM2020 75) Which of the following enzymes, when deficient in a person, may potentially cause lactic acidosis because pyruvate cannot be utilized for the Krebs’ cycle and is shifted towards anaerobic respiration? A) HMG-CoA reductase B) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase D) Xanthine oxidase SLRM2024