2024 BUC lect 1 Drug info @@.pptx

Drug information Lecture 1 Learning outcomes 1- Identify principles of drug information, and pharmaco- economics and the roles of sales, marketing, business administration, accounting and management including financial and human resources. 2- Use medical terms, abbreviations and symbols effec...

Drug information Lecture 1 Learning outcomes 1- Identify principles of drug information, and pharmaco- economics and the roles of sales, marketing, business administration, accounting and management including financial and human resources. 2- Use medical terms, abbreviations and symbols effectively.  Aims of Course By the end of the course the student should be able to: 1. Recognize drug information resources. 2. Address a medication associated question. 3. Know role of pharmacist as a specialist in drug information. 4. Understand principles of cost effectiveness and pharmacoeconemics. 5. Apply drug information centre.  Introduction ► Pharmacy is an “information-heavy profession ►Pharmacists are healthcare professionals who practice in the fields of health sciences(Pharmacy, hospitals,…..) focusing on safe and effective medication use. ► Pharmacists are drug information experts.  Need of drug information The no. of drugs in the international market has increased very much The newer drugs are generally more potent & selective, and formulations becoming increasingly complex. The literature on drugs has also expanded and covers a wide range of information. To introduce a new drug into the practice, the professionals need to evaluate the given information. A simple, quick reference to a pharmacopoeia or formulary is no longer sufficient.  Aims and objectives of drug information services The provision of information to health professionals on specific problems related to the use of drugs in particular patients; The provision of information to officials in government agencies to optimize the decision making process; The preparation and development of guidelines and formularies; Toimprove patient compliance and to provide a guide to responsible self medication; To develop and participate in continuing education programs  Aims and objectives of drug information services To participate in undergraduate and graduate teaching programs; To develop educational activities regarding the appropriateuse of drugs for patients in the community; To prepare and distribute material on drugs to health personnel in the form of a drug Information bulletin and/or other media; To develop and participate in research programs  Drug information It is the process of providing information on the safe and effective use of therapeutic and diagnostic pharmaceuticals. ►It is the process of providing unbiased, well referenced, and critically evaluated information on any aspect of pharmacy practice. ►There are many drug information resources, the selection of the resource depends on the question asked.  The Sources of information/Resources available  The Sources of information/Resources available The flow of information is: ► Primary resources ► Secondary resources ► Tertiary resources  The Sources of information/Resources available Generally, the best method to find drug related information (order of use) includes a stepwise approach moving first through: Tertiary References Then Secondary References and Finally Primary References  The Sources of information/Resources available  The Sources of information/Resources available Method to Find Information ►Generally, the best method to find information includes a stepwise approach moving first through tertiary (e.g., textbooks, full-text databases, and narrative review articles), then secondary (e.g., indexing or abstracting service), and finally primary (e.g., clinical studies) literature.  The Sources of information/Resources available Primary Source: Information is presented by authors without any evaluation by a second party. Provides must current information about drugs. Examples; articles published in journals(e.g. British Medical Journal), thesis etc.  The Sources of information/Resources available Secondary source The original source has been evaluated by second party other than the publisher. Modified and rearranged form Examples; PubMed, Medline, guidelines, systematic review and meta- analysis etc.  The Sources of information/Resources available Tertiary source Information obtained from primary and secondary source and arranged in a manner to represent a composite of the available information. Examples; Representative form Pharmacopeias - BP, USP, IP, etc., Encyclopedia, Dictionaries Guides, text books  The Sources of information/Resources available Which ones to use? Use in backwards order. Tertiary Secondary Primary Tertiary resources when: – The answer to a question is basic factual knowledge. – The question was studied extensively and a conclusion was made Secondary and primary resources when: – A question is new and has never been studied  The Sources of information/Resources available  The Sources of information/Resources available Other Sources: The DIC also receives information from  The public and hospitals about the Adverse effects of any drug  Local drug lists  National Formularies  Hospital Formularies  Internet  Phone calls to Manufacturers  Government and Non-government organizations  and also to other DIC’s.  Drug Information Skills Drug informer should understand the nature of the question and should ask all the needed questions to get the ultimate question Most specialists today use the modified systematic approach designed by ‘Host and Kirkwood’, these are 7 steps.