Pharmacy & Communication Skills (PHA100) Lecture Notes PDF

PHARMACY & COMMUNICATION SKILLS (PHA100) 2- Pharmacy & The Pharmacist Dr. Nadir Kheir PhD 28 ,29 Aug 2024 Disclaimer: PRESENTING AUTHORS HAVE NO RELATIONSHIPS TO DISCLOSE  LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the end of this lectur...

PHARMACY & COMMUNICATION SKILLS (PHA100) 2- Pharmacy & The Pharmacist Dr. Nadir Kheir PhD 28 ,29 Aug 2024 Disclaimer: PRESENTING AUTHORS HAVE NO RELATIONSHIPS TO DISCLOSE  LEARNING OBJECTIVE At the end of this lecture the student will be able to: 1. Define what is a pharmacy 2. Describe the meaning of being a ‘pharmacist’ 3. Explain what is the purpose of pharmacy 4. Describe the characteristics and roles of the pharmacist REFERENCE Kelly WN, editor. Pharmacy What It Is and How It Works. 2nd Edition. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; 2007. chap1 web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTHEALTH.  WHAT IS PHARMACY? Pharmacy is: 1. A place 2. A profession 3. A business  A PHARMACY AS A PLACE An establishment or institution in which the practice of pharmacy is conducted; drugs, medicines or medicinal chemicals are dispensed or offered for sale  PHARMACY IS A PLACE It is a place where licensed pharmacists dispense medicines on receiving a legal prescription written by a legal prescriber or where an OTC product is sold  DEFINITIONS Licensed pharmacists are registered by a board of pharmacy and are named registered pharmacists A legal prescriber is someone approved by the state legislature to prescribe drugs like a licensed physician, a dentist or a veterinarian or a nurse-practitioner depending on the state An OTC is a medicinal product that on the light of its safety and effectiveness is licensed to be dispensed without the need for a prescription  PHARMACY IS A PROFESSION A profession is any job or career that requires specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation Is Pharmacy a profession? Next lecture of Professionalism IN PHARMACY PROFESSION, WHAT DOES A PHARMACIST DO? Educate patients about prescription and over-the-counter medications Advise other health care professionals on drug decisions for patients Utilize knowledge about the composition of drugs, including chemical, biological and physical properties to provide advice on use of medicines Interacts with patients to ensure safety of medications  PHARMACY IS A BUSINESS Pharmacists are business people as well as practitioners-patient care providers They have two goals: 1. To care for patients 2. To make enough profit to stay in business  THE PURPOSE OF PHARMACY The purpose of pharmacy practice is to help patients make the best use of their medications Pharmacists are needed to assure the rational and safe use of the medications  WHAT CONTROLS PHARMACY? Licensure: Needed to practice Laws: Govern the profession Regulations: details the Law  PHARMACY LAW To practice pharmacy, pharmacists must comply with pharmacy laws set by the state government The Pharmacy Law binds all pharmacy practitioners in the country and violations of its clauses are punishable The Pharmacy Law organizes issues like registration of pharmacies and pharmacists, legal requirements of pharmacy premises, owning a pharmacy etc The law provides general outlines that are deemed nonnegotiable  PHARMACY REGULATIONS Developed by a government agency and contain written details on how to comply with the law Regulations provides details of practice issues like dispensing requirements, labeling medicines Pharmacy law :" Pharmacists must counsel all patients about their medications” Pharmacy regulation :" When counseling patients pharmacists will indicate what is the drug is for, how it is to be used,…”. PHARMACY LICENSURE Pharmacists, pharmacy interns, and pharmacies should be licensed by a state board of pharmacy Licensing allows the pharmacist to practice legally in the country Licensing requires: Appropriate pharmacy qualifications Evidence of practice for a set time period Paying a set fee Competency Standards: Develop within a pharmacy organization to improve pharmacy practice They serve as self-policing policies within that organization They can be used against a member pharmacist in a court for not following the standard  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 WHO ARE PHARMACISTS? A LOOK AT THE HISTORY History of pharmacy: rapid change and development Progress driven by societal need To heed the societal cry for help, pharmacy needed individuals of high morals, responsibility, and professionalism Pharmacist endeavor to adopt these personal and professional attributes The Road of the Practice of Pharmacy Patient-care stage The transitional Stage The traditional stage 9/5/2024 CPH- N Kheir  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 THE FACTS The use of medicines is the most common health care intervention Patients do not always use their medicines in the way that the physician intended There is a need to improve the way that medicines are used by patients  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 THE PHARMACIST: EDUCATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS At least 5 years study at University (B Pharm) Pharm D requires at least 6 years of University study (2 + 4 yrs OR 1 + 4 + 1 yrs) Study includes basic science courses, introductory courses, and pharmacy-specific courses Licensure Examination Teaching through didactic lecturing, small group workshops, experiential teaching Internship/Externship  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 “IT'S NEVER TOO SOON OR TOO LATE FOR LEARNING”: LIFE-LONG LEARNING All pharmacists are required to be life-long learners Rapid development in technology and sciences An ethical responsibility Undergraduate education is only the beginning CE and certificate training programs provide opportunities for LLL CE units used to retain pharmacy licensure  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 TECHNICALLY, WHO IS THE PHARMACIST? Pharmacists are the specialists in medicines and understand their composition, chemical and physical properties, manufacture, uses, side effects and interactions with food and other medicines  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 PROFESSIONALLY, WHO IS THE PHARMACIST? Pharmacists work within a code of professional ethics that encompasses their relationship with other pharmacists, other health professionals and the public Pharmacists have a well-developed sense of responsibility Pharmacists have an ability to communicate effectively with other health professionals and the general public is important Pharmacists maintain a special relationship of trust and confidentiality with their patients Pharmacists are tidy, organized, and vigilant to avoid errors Pharmacists are good organizers and administrators  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 TRAITS REQUIRED IN PHARMACISTS Empathy Confidence Being organized Being assertive  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 TRAITS REQUIRED IN PHARMACISTS- Common sense Analytical ability Problem solving Team-player Accurate  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 VIRTUE Virtue is moral excellence of a person Pharmacy started as a social and humane service Pharmacists are benevolent (an act intending or showing kindness and the will for doing good) Truthfulness Respect: promote patients’ autonomy Justice: provide care in a just manner, reduce disparity Fidelity: faithful, respects confidentiality  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 Requirement & Expectations of Pharmacists by Healthcare Systems Caregiver Educational Manager Teacher Decision making Qualities of graduates and educated citizens Communication abilities Leadership Lifelong learning  PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES:THE 7-STAR PHARMACIST World Health Organization & International Pharmaceutical Federation; 2006. Wiedenmayer K, Summers RS, et al. Developing Pharmacy Practice: A focus on patient care- Handbook. Attribute Scope Caregiver Focuses care to the patient. Shows empathy and compassion Manager Management as career in pharmacy Teacher Teaches and train patients, student, nurses, other pharmacists Decision making / Drug therapy management requires clinical decisions advisor and evidence-based consultations based on knowledge and experience Communicator Both verbal and written communications are vital skill Leadership Leading within the profession and on societal level Life Long Learner An ethical and professional responsibility Researcher  Advanced degrees qualify pharmacists as educator in tertiary 9/5/2024 institutes CPH- N Kheir and as researchers in the pharm industry  CPH- N Kheir 9/5/2024 PARTING THOUGHT…. The key to an effective pharmacy practice is a consistent commitment to professional behavior by individual pharmacists The key to a comprehensively excellent pharmacy practice also well-structured, and educated pharmacy and health care system  CPH- ANK 5 September 2024 THE ROLES OF PHARMACISTS Clinical Pharmacist (these are just a few roles as stated by DHA): Plays an active role in monitoring prescriptions, managing drug use, counselling and reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) to the concerned authorities Prepare an interdisciplinary care plans for patients which includes dosage adjustment, drug interactions, side effects etc. 7.1.5. Evaluate and provide recommendations on the medication treatment plan for the patient and optimal use of the prescribed therapy for both healthcare professionals in the health team responsible for the patient and the patient himself Locate or modify patient's medication treatment plan based on scientific analysis of the patient's condition and reports on the diagnosis of his condition Prepare an interdisciplinary care plans for patients which includes dosage adjustment, drug interactions, side effects etc  CPH- ANK 5 September 2024 THE ROLES OF PHARMACISTS Provide advice and information to patients and the public on the usage of medications Cooperate with prescribers to ensure a common approach to patients in the provision of advice and rational use of medications. Adequately inform patients and the public about side effects of medications Checking prescriptions to ensure that they are clear and in accordance with legal requirements, and to ensure that prescriptions are dispensed, in accordance with prescribers’ intentions Assist in providing a symptom assessment leading to over the counter medication provision and lifestyle advice for community-based health concern