2. Antihypertensive Drugs (1) B51.pdf

Antihypertensive Drugs (1) – Batch 51 16th April 2024 Dr Basanta Kumar Mohanty Professor & HOD, Pharmacology, MUCM Learning Outcomes 1. Identify the sites of action of various classes of antihypertensive drugs using a diagram of mechanisms that control blood pressure. *** 2. Describe definition and...

Antihypertensive Drugs (1) – Batch 51 16th April 2024 Dr Basanta Kumar Mohanty Professor & HOD, Pharmacology, MUCM Learning Outcomes 1. Identify the sites of action of various classes of antihypertensive drugs using a diagram of mechanisms that control blood pressure. *** 2. Describe definition and complications of hypertension. *** 3. Classify blood pressure according to JNC and CPG, Malaysia.*** 4. Classify major (1st line) antihypertensive drugs with examples.*** 5. Apply the mechanism of action and pharmacological actions of major antihypertensive drugs to provide rationale for their use in hypertension [thiazides, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers (CCBs)], their indications, contraindications and adverse effects. *** 6. List the differences between verapamil/diltiazem and dihydropyridines. *** 2 Learning Outcomes 7. List other antihypertensive drugs, their mechanisms of action, their indications, contraindications and adverse effects. *** 8. Explain the rationale for use of centrally acting drugs, alpha-adrenergic antagonists and mixed adrenergic blockers and vasodilators.*** 9. Describe the management of hypertension with emphasis on special populations, i.e., elderly, pregnant women, and patients with other comorbid conditions. *** 10. State the advantages and limitations of combining anti-hypertensives 11. List the drugs used in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. *** 12. Select a personal drug (P-drug) for a given clinical case (hypertension, hypertension with diabetes/ peripheral vascular disease/ coronary artery disease/ bronchial asthma/ COPD) following ‘WHO guide to good prescribing and good clinical practice.’ 3 Definition of Hypertension Hypertension is defined as presence of a blood pressure (BP) elevation to a level that place patients at increased risk of target organ damage in several vascular beds including retina, brain, heart, kidneys, and large conduit arteries. Commonly it is defined as persistent elevation of systolic BP of 140 mmHg or more and/or diastolic BP of 90 mmHg or more, recorded at least twice on two separate occasions. 4 Classification of BP (JNC VII) DBP (mmHg) Criteria SBP (mmHg) Normal B.P