Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems PDF

Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Ms. Chery Rose C. Balusada What we'll discuss Judaism 1. History 2. Sacred Text 3. Culture and Traditions 4. Issues  Judaism History, Sacred Text, Culture and Traditions and Issues  The monotheistic rel...

Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Ms. Chery Rose C. Balusada What we'll discuss Judaism 1. History 2. Sacred Text 3. Culture and Traditions 4. Issues  Judaism History, Sacred Text, Culture and Traditions and Issues  The monotheistic religion of the Jews. One of the oldest monotheistic religions and was founded over 3800 years ago in the Middle East. It is also the smallest religion with more than 14m followers. History of Judaism Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic religions, whose origins date back to the mid-second millennium or around 1500 BCE. Jewish tradition traces its development to the ancient patriarch Abraham, and his descendants Isaac and Jacob. Abraham is considered the father of the family of Jews. ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS  It is believed that Judaism was instituted with the covenant between God and the Israelites in Mt. Sinai. The prophet Moses, who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, guided, taught, and interpreted God’s will, and his divinely inspired teachings laid the foundation of Judaism.  ZIGURRAT The Hebrew people did not originate in Canaan (Israel). They originated in the Ancient Sumerian city-state of Ur in Ancient Mesopotamia.  COVENANT – an agreement. (Between God and Abraham) “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. I will make of you a great nation. And I will bless you and make your name great.” (Genesis 12)  Two sons of Abraham: ISHMAEL – (son of Hagar, Abraham’s slave) Descendant of the people who will soon eventually form Islam. (Genesis 16) ISAAC – (son of Sarah) The descendant of Abraham that will continue with the Covenant.  Over a thousand years after Abraham, the Jews were living as slaves in Egypt. Moses led the Jews out of slavery in Egypt and led them to the Holy Land that God had promised them (Exodus).  As they walked to Canaan, they arrived at Mt. Sinai and God gave Moses the Ten Commandments. It is outlined as a basis for principles of moral behavior for the human race and the foundation of the moral code and legal system of justice.  THE TEN COMMANDMENTS – mitz vot (613 laws) 1. Thou shalt have no other gods before me 2. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image 3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain 4. Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy 5. Honour thy father and thy mother 6. Thou shalt not kill 7. Thou shalt not commit adultery 8. Thou shalt not steal 9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour 10. Thou shalt not covet any thing that is thy neighbour's CROSSING THE RED SEA  The Twelve Tribes of Israel Biblical tradition holds that the twelve tribes of Israel are descended from the sons and grandsons of the Jewish forefather Jacob.  After conquering the land, each tribe was allotted an individual territory to settle. The tribe of Judah being the wealthiest and most powerful became the source of the name JUDAISM. The Hebrew name Yehudah, is derived from Yadah meaning “praise”. TEMPLE OF JERUSALEM Destroyed when Babylonians captured the city. Nebuchadnezzar burned it. (587 BCE) Rebuilt again when King Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem. (516 BCE) Was eventually destroyed by Romans. (70 AD) THE WAILING WALL / WESTERN WALL The wall was originally constructed as part of the expansion of the Second Jewish Temple. Jerusalem is the Holy Place of the Jewish People. Synagogue is the sacred building of the Jews. Sacred Text of Judaism Torah The Torah is the main sacred text of Judaism, which corresponds to the five books of Moses or the Pentateuch. The Torah contains the written teachings, commandments, and history of the ancient Jewish people. It is also the center and lifeblood of the Jewish community. The Five Books of Moses or the Pentateuch The Five Books of Moses or the Pentateuch 1. Genesis - Bereshit (Creation) 2. Exodus - Shemot (Exile) 3. Leviticus - Vayikra (Culture) 4. Numbers - Bemidbar (12 Tribes of Israel) 5. Deuteronomy - Devarim (Laws) Major Branches of Judaism Orthodox | Reform | Conservative Orthodox Judaism the religion of those Jews who adhere most strictly to traditional beliefs and practices.  Reform Judaism A religious movement that has modified many traditional Jewish beliefs, laws, and practices in an effort to adapt Judaism to the changed social, political, and cultural conditions of the modern world. Conservative Judaism is a religious movement that seeks to conserve essential elements of traditional Judaism. KOSHER Symbol of Judaism STAR OF DAVID SHIELD OF DAVID 1. The six days of Creation. 2. Abstract symbol of Menorah. 3. Design of shield of David used in the Holy War. 1800’s Any Questions? Clarifications? Thank You for listening!