Engineering Education in UK and USA PDF

**Engineering education in the UK and USA** **The United Kingdom is world famous for its engineering education and universities like Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College in London, or University of Manchester.** **The UK universities offer a wide range of engineering majors, including** **- aerosp...

**Engineering education in the UK and USA** **The United Kingdom is world famous for its engineering education and universities like Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College in London, or University of Manchester.** **The UK universities offer a wide range of engineering majors, including** **- aerospace engineering** **- chemical engineering** **- civil engineering** **- biomedical engineering** **- electronic and electrical engineering** **- mechanical engineering** **- robotics, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology** **- computer technologies** **- mechanical engineering** **- materials engineering** **- environmental engineering.** **In the UK universities, students are offered to study for Bachelor\'s, Master\'s and Doctoral degrees. In addition to the traditional documents for admission to the engineering program, one has to pass the A level exams, and prove a high level of the English language proficiency.** **Thus, for admission to a Bachelor\'s degree program at a UK university you need:** **Certificate of completion of secondary education** **Certificate of English Proficiency IELTS or TOEFL** **Motivation letter** **Personal interview.** **There are different types of Bachelor's degrees offered in the UK universities, including Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Education (BEd) and Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) degrees** **In undergraduate programs, students take lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes. They have some compulsory subjects, and they can choose the others from the list of optional subjects.** **Lectures are for large groups of students from 20 to 200, seminars, tutorials and laboratory classes are much smaller.** **The UK approach to education differs significantly from the Russian one:** **Most of the material is given for independent study.** **The main emphasis in study is the ability to work with information and the development of this skill** **Initiative and ability to think are valued** **Each student is assigned a tutor who and is responsible for monitoring the progress and success of the student.** **The UK education system does not provide an opportunity to study at a university free of charge, but there are many different scholarship funds and funding opportunities in the country that will cover 10-50% of the costs.** **Scholarships in the UK are divided into the following categories:** **Academic Merit Scholarships.** **Scholarships in certain areas.** **Low Income Scholarships.** **Performance-based Scholarships.** **Well, Thus, we've learned about engineering education in the UK, what Bachelor\`s and Master's degree are like, and what engineering students should do to become competent engineers.** **Engineering education is the activity of teaching knowledge and principles to the professional practice of engineering. It includes an initial education -- bachelor's and master's degree and any advanced education and specializations that follow. [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics) (STEM) education in primary and secondary schools often serves as the foundation for engineering education at the university level. In the [[United States]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States), engineering education is a part of the [[STEM initiative]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEM_fields) in public schools.** **US Engineering began with the military, some of the first engineers designed irrigation canals, buildings, dams, railroads and early engineers during wartime designed weapons. In the 19th century the number of US universities began to grow and some schools started following the French model -- the polytechnics. Engineering was apart from the university that time and it changed with the Morill Act of 1862 when engineering becomes a part of the university curriculum. Engineering education has changed since the times of the early engineers.** **There are numerous engineering degree programs throughout the United States to choose from. Engineering allows students to be creative while using science and math to design and operate a variety of different structures, machines, and processes. Engineering is becoming a widely popular area of study because of the job opportunities and compensation that it affords. It is a challenging yet rewarding subject.** **Let's look closer at engineering education structure in the USA. The first professional degree in engineering is a bachelor\'s degree that is four years long and require about 2 years of core courses followed by 2 years of specialized discipline specific course. Typical engineering student learn mathematics, general chemistry and physics, computer science, and introductory engineering in several areas. Students are required to take several courses in social sciences or humanities. Common engineering courses typically include engineering computer-aided-design, materials engineering, statics and dynamics, strength of materials, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and some systems. Courses include lectures and labs, some programs focus more on professional engineering practice.** **Nowadays there is a vast number of engineering professions: chemical, civil, military, aerospace, computer hardware and software, electrical, environmental, industrial, materials engineers, mechanical, bioengineers and so on.** **After declaring major, an engineering student takes classes that build on the fundamentals and gain their specialized knowledge and skills. Toward the end of their undergraduate education, engineering students often undertake special project specific to their field. It is common for University students who are studying engineering to be involved in different forms of career development during their undergraduate studies such as internships, cooperative education programs, and research experiences.** **After receiving a Bachelor\'s degree, a student can continue their studies and get a Master\`s degree that lasts for 2 years. Graduate study in engineering is more research intensive and flexible. By working closely with an adviser in their major, however, students may create a program of study with classes that not only interest them but also will prepare them to specialize in an area within their field of engineering. Upon completion of a graduate engineering program, students may obtain one of two types of master\'s degrees within their discipline, the Master of science or the master of engineering. The Master of science degree requires the writing of a thesis, whereas the master of engineering degree requires the completion of course work. Two types of degrees also exist for doctoral students of engineering, the doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) and the doctor of science (Sc.D.). The doctor of philosophy degree is more research oriented than the doctor of science degree and obtaining it requires a student to write and defend a dissertation successfully.** **Although there are many engineering programs throughout the US, a few stand out among the rest. According to the U.S. News rankings, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Stanford University, and University of California---Berkeley top the charts when it comes to undergraduate engineering programs.**