1. Introduction Marine Mammals_T_LS_23-24.pdf

© https://wildanimalhealthfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Zoo-Animals-Banner.jpeg PARASITIC DISEASES OF EXOTIC, WILD AND ZOO ANIMALS 1. Introduct...

© https://wildanimalhealthfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Zoo-Animals-Banner.jpeg PARASITIC DISEASES OF EXOTIC, WILD AND ZOO ANIMALS 1. Introduction – Marine Mammals – Non-invasive or minimally invasive collection methods Liliana Silva, DVM, MSc, PhD, DipEVPC [email protected]  Why study parasites in marine mammals? www.egasmoniz.com/pt high biodiversity with complex life cycles Medicine parasitoses are increasingly recognized for their influence on individual-, population- and ecosystem health, some are Degree in -Veterinary zoonosis Medicine Master Master Degree in Veterinary (modified according to Kellermanns, 2009) © https://www.veterinary-practice.com  Why study parasites in marine mammals? www.egasmoniz.com/pt high biodiversity with complex life cycles Medicine parasitoses are increasingly recognized for their influence on individual-, population- and ecosystem health, some are Degree in -Veterinary zoonosis some parasites have negative impact on fish economies worldwide (Malouf 1986) Medicine Master Master Degree in Veterinary Klimpel et al. 2009  Marine mammals www.egasmoniz.com/pt Degree in -Veterinary Medicine Whales, Dolphins (Cetacea) Medicine Master Master Degree in Veterinary Seals (Pinnipedea) Manatees (Sirenia) Sea Otter (Mustelidae) Our Philosophy: "Non-invasive or minimally invasive methods for sample collection"  Non- (minimal) invasive sampling www.egasmoniz.com/pt faeces eggshells adhesive tape trap Medicine chewed Degree in -Veterinary sticks hair snare filtering blowhole of water exhalation Medicine snow Master imprints Master Degree in Veterinary non-lethal oral swabbing remote dart hair stripping discs body parts biopsy Major means of non-intrusive sampling © https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.701033 Non-invasive methods 2014 faeces  Non-invasive methods 2019 hair stripping discs Non-invasive methods 2023 blowhole exhalation  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales 2015  Master Master Degree in Veterinary Medicine Degree in -Veterinary Medicine www.egasmoniz.com/pt Hours of observation © Nickelodeon  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales 2015  Master Master Degree in Veterinary Medicine Degree in -Veterinary Medicine www.egasmoniz.com/pt Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales imprints  Master Master Degree in Veterinary Medicine Degree in -Veterinary Medicine www.egasmoniz.com/pt Humpback whale Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales ② Faecal sample collection 2015 faeces  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales ② Faecal sample collection 2015 faeces  Master Master Degree in Veterinary Medicine Degree in -Veterinary Medicine www.egasmoniz.com/pt faeces Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales ② Faecal sample collection 2015 ③ Blow sample collection https://whale.org/snotbot/  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea ① Sighting of whales ② Faecal sample collection 2015 ③ Blow sample collection ④ Tissue biopsies  Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea www.egasmoniz.com/pt come close to whales Degree in -Veterinary Medicine fix darts for skin/blubber biopsies (CetoDart®) Medicine Master Master Degree in Veterinary Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea non-lethal remote dart biopsy  Master Master Degree in Veterinary Medicine Degree in -Veterinary Medicine www.egasmoniz.com/pt Non-invasive/minimally invasive methods in Cetacea  Master Master Degree in Veterinary Degree in Veterinary Medicine - Medicine www.egasmoniz.com/pt Why study parasites in marine mammals? “Water-borne” Parasitic Zoonosis Blue Whale, the biggest creature to have ever lived on our planet! https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-11-16/blue-whale-worlds-largest-animal-caught-on-camera-having-a-poo/11708368 “Water-borne” Parasitic Zoonosis Giardia § Single-celled small intestinal parasites § Different species and genotypes with different pathogenicity and Zoonotic Potential § In 2 stages: in the body as trophozoite, in the environment as a resistant cyst § = Diarrhea pathogens § Risk groups particularly at risk “Food-borne” Parasitic Zoonosis Roundworms of the family Anisakidae § of several genera that live in the gastrointestinal tract of marine mammals § wih zoonotic Potential § Humans become infected through oral ingestion of larvae-containing meat Klimpel et al. 2009  Anthropogenic threat from neozoa Toxoplasma gondii Neospora caninum Adapted from Dubey et al., 2017 Lafferty, Int J Parasitol Parasite Wildl (2015)