03. General Navigation.pdf

Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) Sourav Ahmed 1 (16) NAVIGATION DIRECTION, LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE 1.18...

Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) Sourav Ahmed 1 (16) NAVIGATION DIRECTION, LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE 1.18 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. What is the approximate compression of the Earth? a) 3% b) 0.03% c) 0.3% d) 1/3000 2. A Graticule is the name given to: a)A series of lines drawn on a chart b)A series of Latitude and Longitude lines drawn on a chart or map c)A selection of small circles as you get nearer to either pole d) Both a & b are correct 3. A great circle has its North vertex at 70N 130E. What is the position of its South vertex? a) 70N 050W b) 70S 050E c) 70S 050W d) 70N 050E 4. Deleted. 5. Given that the compression of the Earth is 1/297 and that the semi-major axis of the Earth, measured at the axis of the Equator is 6378.4 km, what is the semi-major axis of the Earth measured at the axis of the Poles'? a) 6399.9 Km b) 6356.9 Km c) 6378.4 Km d) 6367.0 Km 6. A nautical mile is defined as: a) The length of the arc of a great circle which subtends an angle of one minute in the centre of the Earth. b) The length of the are of the Earth’s equator which subtends an angle of one minute at the centre. c) The length of 1/10,000th part of the average distance between the equator and either pole. d) None of the above. -1- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 2 (18-20) NAVIGATION GREAT CIRCLES, RHUMB LINES AND DISTANCES ON THE EARTH 2.9 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. What is the Change of Latitude between the following positions: a)52° 15'N to 39°35'N b)49°351N to 60°201S c)74°20'S to 34°301S d)71°20'N to 86°45'N over the north pole. 2. Deleted. 3. What is the Change of Longitude between the following positions: a) 075°40'W to 125°35'W b) 001 °20'E to 004°20'W c) 150°40’ E to 179°30'E d) 162°36'W to 140°42'E 4. Deleted. 5. Deleted. 6. Deleted. 7. You are at position A at 54°20'N 002°30'W. Given a ch.lat of 16°20'N and a ch.long of 020°30'W to B, what is the position of B? a) 70° 40'N 023° 00'W b) 70° 40'S 023° 00'W c) 70° 40'N 023° 00'E d) 60° 40'N 023° 00'W 8. You are at position C at 36°47'S 179°21 'E. Given a ch.lat of 46°47'N and a ch. long of 20°30'E to D, what is the position of D? a) 10° 00' S 160° 09'W b) 10° 00' N 160° 09'W c) 10° 00' N 160° 09'E d) 11° 00' N 160° 09'W 9. Deleted. 10. Any Meridian Line is a: a) Rhumb Line b) Semi Great Circle c) Rhumb Line and a semi Great Circle d) All above are correct. 11. A Rhumb Line cuts all meridians at the same angle. This gives: a) The shortest distance between two points. b) A line which could never be a great circle track c) A line of constant direction d) All above are correct. 12. The shortest distance between to points on the Earth is along the: a) Rhumb line b) Great circle c) Both of ‘a’ and ‘b’ d) None of ‘a’ and ‘c’ -2- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 13. The departure between any two points of A and B on the Earth can be calculated by the formula: a) Ch. long (mins) X sin mean Lat b) Ch. long (mins) X sec mean Lat c) Ch. long (mins) X cos mean Lat d) Ch. long (mins) X cose mean Lat Where mean lat = Lat A + Lat B 2 -3- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 3 (21-24) NAVIGATION EARTH MAGNETISM 3.16 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. The sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic compass is: a) Inversely proportional to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field. b) Proportional to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field. c) Inversely proportional to the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field. d) Inversely proportional to the vertical and horizontal components of the earth's magnetic field. 2. What is the definition of magnetic variation? a)The angle between the direction indicated by a compass and Magnetic North. b)The angle between True North and Compass North. c)The angle between Magnetic North and True North. d)The angle between Magnetic Heading and Magnetic North. 3. At the magnetic equator: a) Dip is zero b) Variation is zero c) Deviation is zero d) The isogonal is an agonic line 4. Which of these is a correct statement about the Earth's magnetic field? a) It acts as though there is a large blue magnetic pole in Northern Canada b) The angle of dip is the angle between the vertical and the total magnetic force. c) It may be temporary, transient, or permanent. d) It has no effect on aircraft deviation. 5. Where is a compass most effective? a)About midway between the earth's magnetic poles b)In the region of the magnetic South pole c)In the region of the magnetic North pole d)On the geographic equator 6. The value of variation: a)is zero at the magnetic equator b)has a maximum value of 180° c)has a maximum value of 45° E or 45° W d)cannot exceed 90° 7. The agonic line: a) is midway between the magnetic North and South poles b) follows the geographic equator c) is the shorter distance between the respective True and Magnetic North and South poles d) Follows separate paths out of the North polar regions, one currently running through Western Europe and the other through the USA 8. The angle between True North and Magnetic north is known as: a) deviation b) variation c) alignment error d) dip 9. The value of magnetic variation on a chart changes with time. This is due to: a) Movement of the magnetic poles, causing an increase b) Increase in the magnetic field, causing an increase c) Reduction in the magnetic field, causing a decrease d) Movement of the magnetic poles, which can cause either an increase or a decrease -4- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 10. Deleted. 11. What is the maximum possible value of Dip Angle? a) 66° b) 180° c) 90° d) 45° 12. What is the dip angle at the South Magnetic Pole? a) 0° b) 90° c) 180° d) 64° 13. What is a line of equal magnetic variation? a)An isocline b)An isogonal c)An isogriv d)An isovar 14. If variation is West; then: a)True North is West of Magnetic North b)Compass North is West of Magnetic North c)True North is East of Magnetic North d)Magnetic North is West of Compass North 15. Deleted. 16. Disadvantages of the latitude are longitude Reference system: a) The possibility of confusion in areas closed to the equator and the prime meridian b) The necessity of giving a 10 or 11 figure group to obtain positional accuracy of 1 min c) One minute of latitude are one minute of longitude represent different distances on the earth, except of the equator d) All the above. -5- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 9 (17) NAVIGATION MULTI-DRIFT WINDS AND WIND COMPONENTS 9.14 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS – WIND COMPONENTS 1. An airfield has runways 18/36 and 07/25, all of equal length. The TAF W/V is 310/25. Variation is 20°E. Which will be the best R/W for take-off and landing? a) 18 b) 36 c) 07 d) 25 2. An airfield has runways 18/36 and 07/25, all of equal length. The TAF W/V is 310/25. Variation is 20°E. Which will be the best R/W for take-off and landing and head and cross wind components on this runway? RW Head Cross a) 36 24 17 b) 18 13 19 c) 25 19 16 d) 07 17 12 3. An aircraft requires 10 knots headwind component for take-off. The crosswind limit for the aircraft is 20 knots. The only runway available is 25. The ATIS W/V is 290/10G40. What are the minimum and maximum windspeeds for take-off? Min Max a) 17 31 b) 13 17 c) 13 31 d) 17 26 4. On a particular take-off, you can accept up to 10 knots tailwind. The runway QDM is 047, the variation is 17°E and the ATIS gives the wind direction as 210. What is the maximum wind strength you can accept? a)18 knots b)1 I knots c)8 knots d)4 knots -6- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 10 (05) NAVIGATION THE 1 IN 60 RULE 10.4 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. You are flying from A to B. You find that your position is 60 nm outbound from A and 7 nm left of the required track. What is your track error angle? a) 7° L b) 7° R c) 3.5° L d) 3.5° R 2. You are flying from C to D. You find that your position is 120 nm outbound from C and 8 nm right of the required track. What is your track error angle? a) 8° R b) 8° L c) 4° R d) 4° L 3. You are flying from E to F. You find that your position is 90 nm outbound from E and 6 nm right of the required track. What is your track error angle? a) 4° L b) 4° R c) 6° R d) 6° L 4. You are flying from G to H. You find that your position is 30 nm outbound from G and 4 nm left of the required track. What is your track error angle? a) 4° L b) 4° R c) 8° R d) 8° L 5. You are flying from J to K, which is a required track of 045°(T). You find that your position is 80 nm outbound from J and 4 nm left of the required track. What is your track made good? a) 032°(T) b) 036°(T) c) 042°(T) d) 045°(T) 6. You are flying from L to M, which is a required track of 220°(T). You find that your position is 45 nm outbound from L and 3 nm right of the required track. What is your track made good? a) 224°(T) b) 220°(T) c) 234°(T) d) 244°(T) 7. You are flying from N to P, which is a required track of 315°(T). You find that your position is 40 nm outbound from N and 6 nm left of the required track. What is your track made good? a) 302°(T) b) 306°(T) c) 309°(T) d) 315°(T) 8. A surveyor places himself 660 meters from a mast and measures an elevation angle of 4° to the top of the mast. What is the height of the mast? a) 34metres b) 40metres c) 44 metres d) 54 metres -7- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 9. You are flying an instrument approach to an airfield and the required glide slope angle is 3.00°. What height should you be passing when you are exactly 2 nautical miles from the touchdown point? (NOTE: For this question, assume 1 nm = 6000 feet). a) 400 feet b) 500 feet c) 550 feet d) 600 feet 10. You are flying an instrument approach to an airfield and the required glide slope angle is 2.5°. You are correctly on the glideslope and you are passing a height of 1000 feet QFE. What is your range from the touchdown point? (Assume 1 nm = 6000 feet). a) 4 nm b) 6 nm c) 7 nm d) 9 nm 11. You are flying from Q to R, which is a required track of 125°(T). You find that your position is 40 nm from R and 2 nm left of the required track. What track must you fly to arrive overhead R? a) 120°(T) b) 128°(T) c) 138°(T) d) 140°(T) 12. You are flying from S to T, which is a required track of 272°(T). You find that your position is 50 nm from T and 5 nm right of the required track. What track must you fly to arrive overhead T? a) 246°(T) b) 256°(T) c) 266°(T) d) 272°(T) -8- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 11 (11-12) NAVIGATION NAVIGATION USING THE 1 IN 60 RULE 11.7 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. If an aircraft is 3° off required track at a range of 120 nm, how far in nautical miles (nm) is the aircraft off required track? a) 4nm b) 5nm c) 6nm d) 7nm 2. If an aircraft is 2 miles off required track at a range of 40 nm, what is the angle off track (track error)? a) 6° b) 5° c) 4° d) 3° 3. An aircraft leaves A to fly to B, 95 nms distance. Having flown 35 nms, the aircraft position is found from a `pinpoint' (a geographical point over which the aircraft has flown); the pinpoint is 7 nms right of track.What is the track error? a) 12° right b) 14° right c) 15° right d) 16° right 4. An aircraft leaves A to fly to B, 95 nms distance. Having flown 35 nms, the aircraft position is found from a `pinpoint' (a geographical point over which the aircraft has flown); the pinpoint is 7 nms right of track. What alteration of heading is required to fly direct to B? a) 19° right(TE = 12°, CA = 7°) b) 09° left (TE = 12°, CA = 7°) c) 19° left (TE = 12°, CA = 7°) d) 29° left (TE = 12°, CA = 7°) 5. An aircraft is flying from point A to C, planned track 074°M, distance 70 nm, heading 065°M. Having flown 30 nm, the pilot `pinpoints' the aircraft position overhead point C, 4 nm left of planned track. What is the track error overhead C ? a) 8° left b) 8° right c) 6° left d) 6° right 6. An aircraft is flying from A to B, planned track 250°M, distance 96 nms, heading 260°M, ground speed 180 kts. The aircraft departs A at 1000 hrs. At 1012, the aircraft is overhead C, 3 nms right of planned track. Use the 1:60 to estimate the TMG. a) TMG = 250°M b) TMG = 255°M c) TMG = 265°M d) TMG = 275°M -9- Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 12 (08-09) NAVIGATION OTHER APPLICATIONS OF THE 1 IN 60 RULE 12.7 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. An aircraft is flying due South. At 1000 hrs, point P bears 267°(T) from the aircraft. At 1006 hrs, point P bears 275 °(T) from the aircraft. If the aircraft has a ground speed of 120 kts, estimate the range of the aircraft from point P. a) 70nm b) 80nm c) 85nm d) 90nm 2. You are approaching VGHS/DAC on a glide slope of 3.5 °. What height (QFE) should you be at 2 miles range? a) 700 ft b) 650 ft c) 550 ft d) 500 ft 3. Deleted. 4. Deleted. 5. Deleted. 6. On the approach to VGEG/CGP runway 23, glide slope 3 °, you reduce speed from 150 kts to 120 kts. What change should you make to your ROD to maintain glideslope? a) Decrease ROD by 120 ft/min b) Decrease ROD by 140 ft/min c) Decrease ROD by 150 ft/min d) Decrease ROD by 160 ft/min 7. Deleted. 8. Deleted. 9. You are flying an airway with a centerline QDM of 137 °M towards VOR/DME `A'. Your RMI reads 141°M/DME 90 nms.Are you left or right of centerline ? a) left b) right 10. You are flying an airway with a centerline QDM of 137 °M towards VOR/DME `A'. Your RMI reads 141° M / DME 90 nms.What is your distance off the airway centerline ? a) 5nms b) 6nms c) 7nms d) 8nms - 10 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 13 (15-16) NAVIGATION TROPOGRPHICAL MAPS & MAP REDING 13.3 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. You are flying a VFR route and have become uncertain of your position. Which is the best course of action? a) set heading towards a line feature - coastline, river or motorway b) turn round and fly your flight plan tracks in reverse until you see something you recognised before c) fly a series of ever-expanding circles from your present position till you find your next check point d) Turn round and fly your flight plan in reverse back to base 2. What is the symbol for an unlighted obstacle? A B C D 3. Deleted. 4. Deleted. 5. Which of the following is the symbol for an exceptionally high (over 1000 feet AGL) lighted obstruction? A. B. C. D. 6. What symbol is used to show a VORTAC on a map/chart? A. B. C. D. 7. Which is the symbol for a VOR? A. B. C. D. 8. What is the symbol for aeronautical ground light ? a) A b) B c) C d) D A. B. C. D. - 11 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 14 (18-19) NAVIGATION CONVERGENCY & CONVERSION ANGLE 14.8 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. The convergency of the meridians through M and N which are in the southern hemisphere is 12°. If the rhumb line track from M to N is 249°(T), what is the great circle bearing ofN from M ?. a) 243°(T) b) 245°(T) c) 247°(T) d) 253°(T) 2. The convergency of the meridians through M and N which are in the southern hemisphere is 12°. If the rhumb line track from M to N is 249°(T), what is the great circle bearing of M from N ?. a) 070°(T) b) 075°(T) c) 080°(T) d) 085°(T) 3. Deleted. 4. In northern hemisphere, the great circle track from A to B measures 227°(T) at A and 225°(T) at B. What is the convergency of the meridians through A and B? a) 1° of Convergency b) 2° of Convergency c) 3° of Convergency d) 4° of Convergency 5. Deleted. 6. Deleted. 7. Deleted. 8. Deleted. 9. The great circle bearing of A from B is 245°(T) and the rhumb line bearing of B from A is 060°(T). If the mean latitude between A and B is 53° and the longitude of B is 02°15'E, what is the longitude of A? a) 005° 15'W b) 007° 15'W c) 010° 15'W d) 012° 15'W 10. Deleted. 11. Earth convergence can be calculate by the formula: a) earth convergence = ch.long X sin mean lat b) earth convergence = ch. long X cos mean lat c) earth convergence = ch. long X sec mean lat d) All above are correct. 12. Conversion angle is equal to: a) ½ X Earth convergence b) ½ X ch long X sin mean lat c) Only ‘a’ is correct d) Both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct. - 12 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 15(07-09) NAVIGATION DEPARTURE 15.7 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. A flight is to be made along the parallel of latitude from A at 48°00'N 04°00'W to B at 48°00'N 02° 27' E. Calculate the distance. a) 239 nm b) 245 nm c) 251 nm d) 259 nm 2.----- 10 Deleted. 11. An aircraft starts at position 0410S 17822W and heads true north for 2950 nm, then turns 90 degrees left, and maintains a rhumb line track for 314 kilometers. What is its final position? a) 5500N 17422W b) 4500N 17422W c) 5500N 17738E d) 4500N 17738E 12. An aircraft at position 2700 N 17000W travels 3000 km on a track of 180°(T), then 3000 km on a track of 090°(T), then 3000 km on a track of 000°(T), then 3000 km on a track of 270°(T). What is its final position? a) 2700 N 17000W b) OOOON/S 17000W c) 2700 N 17318W d) 2700 N 14300 W 13. An aircraft departs a point 0400 N 17000W and flies 600 nm South, followed by 600 nm East, then 600 nm North, then 600 nm West. What is its final position? a) 0400 N 17000W b) 0600S 17000W c) 0400 N 169° 58.1'W d) 0400 N 170° 01.8'W 14. An aircraft is flying around the Earth eastwards along the 60N parallel of latitude at a groundspeed of 240 knots. At what groundspeed would another aircraft have to fly eastwards along the Equator to fly once round the Earth in the same journey time? a) 600 knots b) 240 knots c) 480 knots d) 120 knots 15. Your position is 5833N 17400W. You fly exactly 6 nm eastwards. What is your new position? a) 5833N 17411.5 W b) 5833N 17355 W c) 5833N 17340 W d) 5833N 17348.5 W 16. Departure is the distance between two given meridians, measured along a stated parallel and is expressed in: a) Kilometer b) Nautical mile c) Statute mile d) None of the above - 13 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 17. The formula used for calculation of departure: a) Ch long (degree) X cos mean lat b) Ch. long (mins) X cos mean lat c) Ch. long (degree) X sin mean lat d) Ch long (mins) X sin mean lat - 14 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 16(08-09) NAVIGATION SCALE 16.8CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. ----- 7 Deleted. 8. On a chart, 49 nautical miles is represented by 7.0 centimeters. What is the scale? a) 1 /700,000 b) 1 / 2,015,396 c) 1 / 1,296,400 d) 1 / 1,156,600 9. On a chart, meridians at 43N are shown every 10 degrees apart. This is shown on the chart by a distance of 14 cm. What is the scale? a) 1:2,000,000 b) 1:4,000,000 c) 1:5,000,000 d) 1:6,000,000 10. Scale on map or chart can be expressed by: a) The representative fraction b) The plain statement c) The graduated scale d) All the above 11. If the scale factor is other than unity the difference between scale factor and unity is called: a) Scale deviation b) Scale error c) None of ‘a’ and ‘b’ d) Both of ‘a’ and ‘b’ - 15 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 18(13-14) NAVIGATION MERCATOR CHARTS – PROPERTIES 18.5CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS– MERCATOR GENERAL PROPERTIES 1. A normal Mercator chart is a _______ projection? (i) Cylindrical (ii) Perspective (iii) Non-Perspective (iv) Conformal (v) Conical (vi) Azimuthal The correct combination of the above statements is: a) (i), (ii) and (iii) b) (ii), (iv) and (v) c) (i), (iii) and (iv) d) (iii), (iv) and (vi) 2. A direct Mercator graticule is: a) Rectangular b) Square c) Circular d) Convergent 3. On a normal Mercator chart, rhumb lines are represented as: a) Curves concave to the Equator b) Curves convex to the Equator c) Complex curves d) Straight lines 4. On a direct Mercator, Great Circles can be represented as: a)Straight lines b) Curves c)Straight lines and curves d) all of the above 5. On a direct Mercator, with the exception of the meridians and the Equator, Great Circles are represented as: a) Curves concave to the Nearer Pole b) Curves convex to the Equator c) Curves concave to the Equator d) Straight lines 6. The angle between a straight line on a Mercator chart and the corresponding great circle is: a) Zero b) Earth convergency c) Conversion Angle d) Chart Convergence 7. If the rhumb line track from Turin (45N 008E) to Khartoum (15N 032E) is 145°(T), what is the direction of the great circle track measured at Turin? a) 133°(T) b) 139°(T) c) 145°(T) d) 151°(T) - 16 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 8. If the rhumb line track from Turin (45N 008E) to Khartoum (15N 032E) is 145°(T), what is the direction of the great circle track from Khartoum to Turin? a) 319°(T) b) 325°(T) c) 331°(T) d) 337°(T) 9. On a Mercator chart, the rhumb line track from Durban (30S 032E) to Perth (30S 116E) is 090°(T). What is the great circle track from Perth to Durban? a) 291 °(T) b) 312° (T) c) 228° (T) d) 249° (T) 10. At 60S on a Mercator chart, chart convergence is: a) greater than Earth convergency b) "correct" c) less than Earth convergency d) equal to ch long x 0.866 11. On a Gromonic Projection the Grat circles are: a) Concase to the nearer pole b) Couver to the nearer pole c) Straight lines d) None of the above. 12. For a Cylindrical Marcator projector the scale factor is equal to: a) Cos lat b) Sec lat c) Sin lat d) Cosec lat 13. On a oblique Marcator scale is almost constant within a distance band of : a) 920 nm b) 900 nm c) 960 nm d) None of the above. 14. On a normal Mercator Projection the correct statement is: a) The projection is not conformal b) It is not equal area projection c) It is perspective d) A great circle is always represented by a straight line. - 17 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 19(09) NAVIGATION MERCATOR CHARTS – SCALE 19.7CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS – MERCATOR SCALE 1. For a Marcator chart a) Scale factor along the meridian is 1.01 and along the parallels is sec λ b) Scale factor along the meridian as 1 and along the parallels is sec λ c) Scale factor along the meridians is 1 and along the parallels is sin λ d) Scale factor along the meridian is 1.01 and along the parallels is sin λ - 18 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 20(11-12) NAVIGATION MERCATOR CHARTS – PLOTTING 20.4 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS – MERCATOR PLOTTING 1. An aircraft receives a QTE from airfield `A' of 063°T. Airfield A is in the Northern Hemisphere. The convergency between the aircraft and the airfield is 6°. What bearing should be plotted on a Mercator chart from the airfield? a. 060° (T) b. 063° (T) c. 066° (T) d. 069° (T) 2. An aircraft receives a QTE from airfield `B' of 315°(T). Airfield B is in the Southern Hemisphere. The convergency between the aircraft and the airfield is 2°. What bearing should be plotted on a Mercator chart from the airfield? a. 314° b. 315° c. 316° d. 317° 3. An aircraft flying in the Northern Hemisphere has an RMI reading of 050° to VOR beacon `C'. Variation at the aircraft is 5°E. Variation at the VOR beacon is 8°E. If the convergency between the aircraft meridian and the VOR meridian is 4°, what bearing should be plotted on a Mercator chart from the beacon to the aircraft? a. 234° b. 236° c. 233° d. 238° 4. An aircraft flying in the Southern Hemisphere has an RMI reading of 130° to VOR beacon `D'. Variation at the aircraft is 5°W.Variation at the VOR beacon is 2°W.If the convergency between the aircraft meridian the VOR meridian is 2°, what bearing should be plotted on a Mercator chart from the beacon to the aircraft? a. 310° b. 307° c. 308° d. 309° 5. An aircraft and an NDB are in the Northern Hemisphere. The aircraft's heading is 236°M. Variation is 13°W at the aircraft and 11 °W at the NDB. The relative bearing (RBI) of the NDB is 226° (R). Convergency between the aircraft's meridian and the meridian of the NDB is 4°. What bearing should be plotted from the NDB on a Mercator chart? a. 271 °(T) b. 269°(T) c. 273°(T) d. 275°(T) 6. An aircraft and an NDB are in the Southern Hemisphere. The aircraft's heading is 236°M. Variation is 13°W at the aircraft and 11 °W at the NDB. The relative bearing (RBI) of the NDB is 226° (R). Convergency between the aircraft's meridian and the meridian of the NDB is 4°. What bearing should be plotted from the NDB on a Mercator chart? a. 269°(T) b. 267°(T) c. 271°(T) d. 265°(T) 7. Deleted. - 19 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 8. The great circle bearing of a radio facility at 175°W from an aircraft at 175°E is 068°(T). Given that the convergency between the meridians is 6°, what bearing should be plotted from the radio facility on a Mercator chart? (Assume Northern Hemisphere). a. 248° b. 245° c. 254° d. 251° 9. The great circle bearing of a radio facility at 175°W from an aircraft at 175°E is 068°(T). Given that the convergency between the meridians is 6°, what bearing should be plotted from the radio facility on a Mercator chart? (Assume Southern Hemisphere). a. 248° b. 245°T c. 254°T d. 251°T - 20 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 22(10-12) NAVIGATION LAMBERT’S CONFORMAL CHART - 2 22.8 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1.----3. Deleted. 4. A Lamberts Conical conformal chart has standard parallels at 63N and 41N. What is the constant of the cone? a).891 b).788 c).656 d).707 5. Scale on a Lambert's conformal conic chart a) is constant b) is constant along a meridian of longitude c) varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude d) is constant along a parallel of latitude 6. On a conformal chart, the standards parallels are 41 °20'N and 11 °40'N. What is the constant of the cone? a).660 b).202 c).446 d).895 7. Scale on a Lambert conformal chart is: a) constant along a line of latitude b) constant along a line of longitude c) constant everywhere d) correct at the parallel of origin 8. On a Lambert chart, the constant of the cone is.78585. What is the parallel of tangency? a) 51o02' b) 51 °36' c) 51°15' d) 51o48' 9. On a Lambert's chart the constant of the cone is 0.80. A is at 53N 04W. You plan to fly to B. The initial Lambert's chart straight-line track is 070°(T) and the Rhumb Line track from A to B is 082°(T). What is the longitude of B? a) 26 E b) 34 W c) 11 E d) 15 E 10. The best chart made by lambert conformal Projection is between the latitudes: a) 12S and 12 N b) 12 and 74 (either of N or at S) c) 74 and 90 (either of N or at S) d) None of the above. 11. A polar chart is the best between 90 and 74 and it is made by: a) Gnomonic projection b) Stographicprojection c) Both of the above d) None of the above. - 21 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 23(01-11) NAVIGATION 23.2 1. What is the shortest distance in kilometers between San Francisco (38N 123W) and Dubai (25N 057E) ? a) 7020 b) 8073 c) 13001 d) 11250 2. A Great Circle has a Northern Vertex of 50N 100W. The Southern Vertex is? a) 40S 100W b) 40S 080E c) 50S 100W d) 50S 080E 3. An ICAO nautical mile is defined as? a) 6080 feet b) 1842 metres c) 1863 feet d) 6062 feet 4. How much is the polar diameter of the Earth different from the equatorial diameter? a) less by 40 km b) greater by 27 statute miles c) less by 27 statute miles d) greater by 27 nautical miles 5. The maximum difference between geodetic and geocentric latitude occurs at about? a) 45° North and South b) 90° North and South c) 60° North and South d) 0° (Equator) 6. Required course 045°(T), W/V = 190°(T)/30, FL=55 at ISA, Variation = 15°E. CAS = 120 knots. What is magnetic heading and G/S? a) 052°(M) 154 b) 067°(M) 154 c) 037°(M) 154 d) 037°(M) 113 7. What is the shortest distance in kilometres between Cairo (30°17'N 030°10 E) and Durban (29°48' S 030010'E) ? a) 3605 b) 4146 c) 4209 d) 6676 8. An aircraft at latitude 02°20'N tracks 180°(T) for 685 km. What is its latitude at the end of the flight' ? a) 03°50' S b) 02°50' S c) 02010' S d) 08°55' S - 22 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 9. An aircraft is at latitude I0N and is flying South at 444 km/hour. After 3 hours the latitude is ? a) los b) 02 N c) 02 S d) 0N / S 10. The circumference of the Earth is approximately? a) 43200 nm b) 10800 nm c) 21600 nm d) 5400 nm 11. SAT = +35°C. Pressure alt (corrected for barometric error) = 5000 feet. What is true alt? a) 4550 feet b) 5550 feet c) 4920 feet d) 5320 feet 12. Given that the value of ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297 and that the semi-major axis of the Earth, measured at the axis of the Equator is 6378.4 Kin, what is the semi-major axis of the earth measured at the axis of the Poles? a) 6399.9 Km b) 6356.9 Km c) 6378.4 Km d) 6367.0 Km 13. You plan to fly a track (course) of 348°(T), Drift is 17°port, Variation = 32°W. Deviation is 4°E. What compass heading should you fly? a) 0410 b) 033° c) 016° d) 359° 14. At a specific location, the value of magnetic variation a)depends on the value of magnetic heading b)depends on the value of true heading c)varies slowly over time d)depends on the type of compass installed 15. At the magnetic equator a)Dip is zero b)Variation is zero c)Deviation is zero d)The isogonal is an agonic line 16. The value of magnetic variation on a chart changes with time. This is due to: a) movement of the magnetic poles, causing an increase b) increase in the magnetic field, causing an increase c) reduction in the magnetic field, causing a decrease d) movement of the magnetic poles, which can cause either an increase or a decrease 17. The direct reading magnetic compass is made aperiodic (dead beat) by: a) using long magnets b) keeping the magnetic assembly mass close to the pivot point and using damping wires c) pendulous suspension of the magnetic assembly d) using the lowest acceptable viscosity compass liquid - 23 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 18. Given: True Track = 352o (T), Variation = 11o W, Deviation = - 5o, Drift = 10o R What is Heading °(C)? a) 078°(C) b) 346°(C) c) 358°(C) d) 025°(C) 19. Pressure Altitude is 27,000 feet, OAT = -35°C, Mach No = 0.45, WN = 270/85, Track = 200°(T). What is drift and groundspeed? a) 18L / 252 knots b) 15R / 310 knots c) 17L / 228 knots d) 17R / 287 knots 20. You plan to take off from KhamisMushayt, Saudi Arabia, elevation 6500 ft. The ambient temperature is +25°C. What is your Density Altitude? a) 3500 ft b) 6500 ft c) 9500 ft d) 12500 ft 21. You are flying at 400 kts TAS, Indicated temperature -50°C. What is your COAT? a) -67°C b) -50°C c) -33°C d) -17°C 22. You are flying at FL330 at Mach No 0.9M.Ambient temperature is ISA +15°. What is your TAS? a) 600 knots b) 595 knots c) 540 knots d) 505 knots 23. You plan to land on R/W 14. The met forecast wind velocity is 110/30. Variation is 30°W. What crosswind do you expect? a) 15 kts b) 0 kts c) 26 kts d) 30 kts 24. Given: IAS 120 knots, FL 80, OAT +20°C. What is the TAS? a) 132 kt b) 141 kt c) 102 kt d) 120 kt 25. Given: TAS 200 kt, Track 110°(T), W/V 015/40, calculate heading (°T) and groundspeed. a) 0970 - 201 kt b) 0990 - 200 kt c) 1210 - 207 kt d) 1210 - 199 kt 26. Given: True Hdg 145°, TAS 240 kt, True Track 150°, G/S 210 kt, calculate the Wind. a) 360/35 b) 295/35 c) 180/35 d) 115/35 - 24 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 27. Given: TAS 140 kt, Heading 005°(T), WN 265/25, calculate the drift and groundspeed. a) 11 R - 140 kt b) 10 R - 146 kt c) 9R - 140 kt d) 11 R - 142 kt 28. An aircraft is maintaining a 5.2% gradient on a flat terrain. Its height at 7 nm from the runway is approximately? a) 3640 feet b)1890 feet c) 2210 feet d) 680 feet 29. G/S = 240 knots, Distance to go = 500 nm. What is time to go? a) 20 minutes b) 29 minutes c) 2h 05 m d) 2h 12 m 30. Course 040°(T), TAS 120 kn, Wind speed = 30 knots. From which direction will the wind give the greatest drift ? a) 215°(T) b) 230°(T) c) 235°(T) d) 240°(T) 31. X ------- 30 nm--------Y----------20nm-----Z ATA X is 1420. ETA Y is 1447. ATA Y is 1450. What is new ETA Z? a) 1506 b) 1512 c) 1510 d) 1515 32. Heading is 156°(T), TAS is 320 knots, WN 130/45. What is your true track? a) 160 b) 152 c) 104 d) 222 33. You are flying at a True Mach No of. 72 in a SAT of -45°C. At 1000 hours you are 100 nm from the CPT DME and your ETA at CPT is 1012. ATC ask you to slow down to be at CPT at 1016. What should your new True Mach No (TMN) be if you reduce speed at 100 nm to go? a).67 b).63 c).54 d).51 34. Track = 090°(T), TAS = 460 knots, W/V = 360°(T) / 100, Variation = 10°E, Deviation = -2. What is compass heading and groundspeed? a) 079o – 470 kt b) 069o – 450 kt c) 068o – 460 kt d) 070o – 455 kt - 25 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 35. You leave A to fly to B, 475 nm away, at 1000 hours. Your ETA at B is 1130. At 1040, you are 190 nm from A. What groundspeed is required to arrive on time at B? a) 317 knots b) 330 knots c) 342 knots d) 360 knots 36. The wind velocity is 359/25. An aircraft is heading 180° (T) at a TAS of 198 knots. (All directions are True). What is its track and groundspeed? a) 180o – 223 kt b) 179o – 220 kt c) 180o – 220 kt d) 179o – 223 kt 37. An aircraft is climbing at a constant CAS in ISA conditions. What will be the effect on TAS and Mach No? a) TAS increases and Mach No decreases b) Both increase c) Both decrease d) TAS decreases and Mach No increases 38. Convert 70 metres/sec into knots. a) 136 knots b) 36 knots c) 146 knots d) 54 knots 39. Airfield elevation is 1000 feet. The QNH is 988. Use 27 feet per hectopascal. What is pressure altitude? a) 675 feet b) 325 feet c) 1675 feet d) 825 feet 40. You are flying from A to B, planned track 245°(M), distance 225 nm. Your groundspeed is 180 knots. After 15 minutes flying, you fix your position as 3 nm left of planned track. Which of the following statements is correct? a) Your drift is 2°R b) Your drift is 4°R c) You should turn 5°right to go direct to B d) You should turn 8° right to go direct to B 41. A pilot receives the following signals from a VOR DME station. Radial = 180° +/- 1°, distance = 200 nm What is the approximate maximum error? a) +/- 2 nm b) +/- 3.5 nm c) +/- 7 nm d) +/- 1 nm 42. You are flying a VFR route and have become uncertain of your position. Which is the best course of action? a) set heading towards a line feature - coastline, river or motorway b) turn round and fly your flight plan tracks in reverse until you see something you recognised before c) fly a series of ever-expanding circles from your present position till you find your next check point d) turn round and fly your flight plan in reverse back to base - 26 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 43. By what amount must you change your rate of descent given a 10 knot increase in headwind on a 3° glideslope ? a) 50 feet per minute increase b) 30 feet per minute increase c) 50 feet per minute decrease d) 30 feet per minute decrease 44. You are on an ILS 3-degree glideslope which passes over the runway threshold at 50 feet. Your DME range is 25 nm from the threshold. What is your height above the runway threshold elevation? (Use the 1 in 60 rule and 6000 feet = 1 nautical mile). a) 8010 feet b) 7450 feet c) 6450 feet d) 7550 feet 45. An INS-equipped aircraft flies from 56N 020W (Waypoint 3) to 56N 030W (Waypoint 4). The initial INS desired track at Waypoint 3 is: a) 086°(T) b) 082°(T) c) 274°(T) d) 278°(T) 46. An aircraft starts at position 0410S 17822W and tracks true north for 2950 nm, then turns 90 degrees left, and maintains a rhumb line track for 314 kilometres. What is the final position? a) 5500 N 17422 W b) 4500 N 17422 W c) 5500 N 17738 E d) 4500 N 17738 E 47. On a chart, 49 nautical miles is represented by 7.0 centimetres. What is the scale? a) 1 /700,000 b) 1 / 2,015,396 c) 1 / 1,296,400 d) 1 / 1,156,600 48. On a particular Direct Mercator wall chart, the 180W to 180E parallel of latitude at 53N is 133 cm long. What is the scale of the chart at 30S? a) 1 /3,00,000 b) 1 / 18,000,000 c) 1 / 21,000,000 d) 1 / 26,000,000 49. Which of the following differences in latitude will give the biggest difference in the initial Great Circle track and the mean Great Circle track between 2 points separated by 10° change of longitude? a) 60N and 60S b) 60N and 55N c) 30S and 30N d) 30S and 25S 50. On a chart, meridians at 43N are shown every 10 degrees apart. This is shown on the chart by a distance of 14 cm. What is the scale? a) 1/2,00,000 b) 1 / 4,000,000 c) 1 / 5,000,000 d) 1 / 6,000,000 - 27 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 51. A non-perspective chart: a) is produced directly from a light projection of a Reduced Earth b) cannot be used for navigation c) is produced by mathematically adjusting a light projection of the Reduced Earth d) is used for a Polar Stereographic projection 52. On a Mercator chart, a Rhumb Line appears as a: a) small circle concave to the nearer pole b) curve convex to the nearer pole c) complex curve d) straight line 53. Mercator charts use for what Projections? a) cylindrical b) conical c) plane/azimuthal d) complex 54. How does scale change on a normal Mercator chart? a) expands as the secant b) expands directly with the secant of the latitude c) correct on the standard parallels, expands outside them, contracts within them d) expands as the secant of the E/W great circle distance - 28 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 25(10) NAVIGATION TRANSVERSE & OBLIQUE MERCATOR CHARTS 25.10 CONSOLIDATION 1. Convergence on a Transverse Mercator chart is correct at: a) the datum meridian only b) the datum meridian and the Equator c) the Equator and the Poles d) the Parallel of Origin 2. Where is scale correct on a Transverse Mercator chart? a) along the great Circle of Tangency b) at the Poles and the Equator c) along the Datum Meridian and at meridians at 90° to it d) at the Greenwich meridian 3. What is the main use of a Transverse Mercator chart? a) flying a specified Great Circle route b) flying an equatorial route c) mapping countries with a large N/S extent but a lesser E/W extent d) mapping countries with a large E/W extent but a lesser N/S extent 4. What is the main use of an Oblique Mercator chart? a) flying a specified Great Circle route b) flying an equatorial route c) mapping countries with a large N/S extent but a lesser E/W extent d) mapping countries with a large E/W extent but a lesser N/S extent - 29 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 26(11-13) NAVIGATION 26.6 CONSOLIDATION – TIME THEORY 1. When does perihelion occur? a)early January b)mid March c)early July d)September 21 2. When does aphelion occur? a) early January b) mid March c) early July d) September 21 3. Viewed from the North Celestial Pole (above the North Pole), the Earth orbits the Sun a) clockwise in a circular orbit b) anti-clockwise in a circular orbit c) clockwise in an elliptical orbit d) anti-clockwise in an elliptical orbit 4. When do `equinoxes' occur? a) December and June b) February and November c) March and September d) January and July 5. When it is the Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the Declination of the Sun is a) 0° N/S b) 23 ½°N c) 66½°N d) 23½°S 6. When it is the Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, the sun will be overhead a) the Arctic Circle b) the Tropic of Capricorn c) the Equator d) the Tropic of Cancer 7. What is the angle between the Equinoctial and the Ecliptic? a) 66'/20 b) 23'/20 c) varies between 23'/20N and 23'/20S d) varies between 66'/20N and 66'/20S 8. The Declination of a celestial body (the Sun) measured on the Celestial Sphere is analogous (equivalent) to on the Earth? a) latitude b) longitude c) altitude of the body measured from the sensible horizon d) co-latitude - 30 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 9. `The length of daylight/night depends upon the declination of the Sun and the latitude of the observer'. When is the rate of change of the length of daylight greatest? a) February/November b) January/July c) at the Equinoxes d) at the Solstices 10. A sidereal day is? a) longer than an apparent solar day b) longer than a real solar day c) shorter than an apparent solar day d) equal to a real solar day 11. The maximum difference between mean noon ( 1200LMT ) and real/apparent noon occurs in a) January/July b) March/September c) November/February d) December/June 12. The maximum difference between Mean Time and Apparent Time is: a) 21 minutes b) 16 minutes c) 30 minutes d) there is no difference 13. What is the length of a Sidereal Year? a) 365 days b) 366 days c) 365 days 6 hrs d) 365 days 5 hrs 48.75 minutes 14. `The Calendar Year and the Tropical Year are of different lengths. The difference is adjusted partly by using leap years every fourth calendar year. However, some years are not designated as leap years'. Which of the following years will be a leap year? a) 2001 b) 2100 c) 2300 d) 2400 15. The Hour Angle (Greenwich Hour Angle) of a celestial body is analogous/equivalent on the Earth to? a) latitude b) longitude c) co-latitude d) UTC 16. A star has a Greenwich Hour Angle (GHA) of 220°. Which meridian is the star transitting (crossing?) a) 040W b) 040E c) 140W d) 140E - 31 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 27(18-19) NAVIGATION 27.8 CONSOLIDATION – 1 1. Without using the Air Almanac, convert 153°30' of arc of longitude into time. a) 10 hrs 24 mins b) 10 hrs 22 mins c) 10 hrs 14 mins d) 10 hrs. 8 mins 2. The definition of Local Mean Time (LMT) is: a) time based upon the average movement of the Earth around the Sun. b) when the Mean Sun is transitting (crossing) your meridian, it is 1200 hrs LMT. c) when the Mean Sun is transitting (crossing) your anti-meridian, it is 0000 hrs LMT (2400 hrs LMT, previous day). d) all of the above. 3. Local Mean Time (LMT) always changes by a day when crossing ? a) the Greenwich Meridian b) 180°E/W c) the International Date Line d) the Equator 4. Zone Time (ZT) is used? a) by aircraft on trans-oceanic routes b) as legal time in all countries c) by ships at sea d) in polar regions 5. What is the Zone Number for longitude 127°30'W a) +8 b) +9 c) -8 d) -9 6. A ship at longitude 83E observes sunrise at a Zone Time of 0500 ZT on Zone Date 15"' May. What is the UTC? a) 2300 UTC 14"' May b) 1100 UTC 15 `h May c) 2328 UTC 14 `h May d) 1032 UTC 15 `h May 7. On Mid-summer Day in the Southern Hemisphere, the sun will be overhead: a) 66 %2 S b) 23'/2 N c) 23'/2 S d) the Equator 8. On Mid-winter Day in the Northern Hemisphere, the sun will be overhead: a) 66'/2 S b) 23'/2 N c) 23'/2 S d) the Equator - 32 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 28(11-12) NAVIGATION 28.4 CONSOLIDATION 1. On June 21, what is the lowest northerly latitude (listed in the Air Almanac) at which the sun will be above the horizon for 24 hrs (all day)? a) 64N b) 66N c) 68N d) 70N 2. On December 21, what is the lowest northerly latitude (listed in the Air Almanac) at which the sun never rises (or sets)? a) 64N b) 66N c) 68N d) 70N 3. Civil Twilight is? a) the period between sunset and the end of Evening Civil Twilight (ECT) b) the period between the start of Morning Civil Twilight (MCT) and sunrise c) related to the position of the centre of the sun being 6° below the sensible horizon d) all of the above 4. Nautical Twilight and Astronomic Twilight are the twilight periods that follow Civil Twilight. Nautical Twilight occurs when the sun is between _______and ______ below the Sensible Horizon? a) 0°/6° b) 6°/12° c) 12°/18° d) 18°/24° 5. Between 60N and 60S, the minimum duration of Civil Twilight is? a) 21 minutes b) 16 minutes c) 14 minutes d) 30 minutes 6. Sunrise/Sunset Twilight Tables in the Air Almanac are listed for a sea level situation. An aircraft flying at FL350 would experience sunrise ______ , sunset _______ and the length of twilight would _____. Sunrise Sunset Duration of Twilight a) Later earlier be longer b) Earlier later not change c) Later earlier not change d) Earlier later be shorter - 33 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 31 (20-23) NAVIGATION GRIDDED CHARTS 31.10 CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS 1. A Northern Lamberts conformal conic chart with a convergency factor of 0.75 is overprinted with a false grid - where the grid datum is the prime meridian. The grid track at 130E is 335°, will the true track be: a) 072.5o b) 105.0o c) 205.0o d) 237.5o 2. A Northern Lamberts conformal conic chart is overprinted with a false grid. The constant of the cone of the chart is 0.80. At 60°W the grid track is 090° and the true track is 010°. At which longitude is the false grid aligned? a) 160W b) 140W c) 020E d) 040E 3. A Northern Lamberts conformal conic chart is overprinted with a false grid which is aligned with the 25W longitude. The constant of the cone of the chart is 0.80. If the true track at 120W is 090° will the grid track be: a) 014° b) 166° c) 185° d) 355° 4. A North polar stereographic chart is overprinted with a false grid aligned with the prime meridian. At position 80N 135E the grid track is 235°, will the true track be? a) 010° b) 100° c) 190° d) 280° 5. A South polar stereographic chart is overprinted with a false grid aligned with the prime meridian. At position 87S 123W the true track of an aircraft is 179° what will the grid track be? a) 056° b) 123o c) 237° d) 302° 6. South polar stereographic chart is overprinted with a false grid aligned with the anti-meridian of the prime meridian. At 78N 101E with a grid track of 180° the true track will be? a) 079° b) 101o c) 259° d) 281o 7. North polar stereographic chart is overprinted with a false grid. At 77N 37W the grid track is 175° and the true track is 093°. At which longitude is the false grid aligned? a) 045W b) 045E c) 082E d) 119W - 34 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 8. Using the data in the diagram, the false grid datumis.......................... andweare inthe....................... hemisphere a) 180° E/W, Northern b) 180° E/W, Southern c) 000° E/W, Northern d) 000° E/W, Southern 9. Using a grid based on 20W what will the magnetic heading be of an aircraft at position 50N 50E, given variation is 8°W and n = 0.75. The grid heading of the aircraft is 224° a) 162.0o b) 179.5o c) 284.5o d) 302.5o 10. An aircraft position 40N 10E has a magnetic heading of 150° and a grid heading of 170°. Variation is 10oW and n=0.8. Will the datum meridian be: a) 27o0’ W b) 20o00’ W c) 40o00’ E d) 47o30’ E 11. A Lambert conformal conic chart is overprinted with a false grid. The constant of the cone is 0.60. At 40S 70W the grid track is 197o and the true track is 239o. At which longitude is the false grid aligned ? a) 112 W b) 028 W c) 000E/W d) 030E 12. A Southern Lamberts conformal conic chart is overprinted with a false grid aligned with the 180°W meridian. The constant of the cone is 0.843. If the true track at 145°E is 333° will the grid track be: a) 002.5° b) 029.5 c) 303.5° d) 360o - 35 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 13. Please refer to Annex A Assume a North Polar Stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the Greenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic north pole for a distance of 480 nm along the 110°E meridian, then follows a grid track of 154° for a distance of 300 nm. Its position is now: a 7845 N087 E b 8000 N080 E c 7915 N074 E d 7015 N080 E - 36 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 33(19-20) NAVIGATION THE DIRECT INDICATING COMPASS DIRECT INDICATING COMPASS QUESTIONS 1. In a standby direct reading compass there is: a) a non-pendulously mounted magnet system. b) a single pendulously mounted bar magnet. c) a circular magnet or pair of bar magnets pendulously mounted. d) a low magnetic moment system, either of circular or bar configuration. 2. The main requirements of a direct reading magnetic compass are that it should be: a) horizontal, sensitive, periodic. b) easily read, floating in a transparent liquid, quick to react to change in aircraft heading. c) positioned directly in front of the pilot, easily corrected for magnetic deviation, aperiodic. d) aperiodic, horizontal, sensitive. 3. For a position in the southern hemisphere, the effect of acceleration errors are greatest on headings: a) 180°(C) and 360°(C) b) 045°(C) and 225°(C) c) 135°(C) and 315°(C) d) 090°(C) and 270°(C) 4. An aircraft in the southern hemisphere is turning from a heading of 045 °(C) to 315 °(C) using a DGI. At the end of the turn the compass will read....... than 315 ° and liquid swirl will....... this effect. a) more increase b) less increase c) more decrease d) less decrease 5. In a standby compass the magnet system is immersed in a transparent liquid. The purpose of this liquid is to: a) increase sensitivity, increase aperiodicity. b) increase sensitivity, decrease aperiodicity. c) increase sensitivity at high latitudes, lubricate bearings. d) increase sensitivity, reduce liquid swirl. 6. To improve the horizontality of a compass, the magnet assembly is suspended from a point: a) on the centre line of the magnet. b) below the centre of gravity. c) above the centre of gravity. d) varying with magnetic latitude. 7. The magnitude, and sense, of turning error shown by a direct reading compass varies with: 1) the design of the compass. 2) the direction of the turn. 3) the rate of turn. 4) which hemisphere the aircraft is in. 5) the heading of the aircraft. 6) the amount of dip at the aircraft's latitude. Of these statements: a) only 1, 2, 5 and 6 are correct. b) only l, 3, 5 and 6 are correct. c) only 2, 4 and 5 are correct. d) all are correct. - 37 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 8. During a sustained turn....... the nearer magnetic pole, the effect of liquid swirl will....... compass turning error. a) away from increase. b) towards not affect. c) away from not affect. d) towards increase. 9. When carrying out a turn at the magnetic equator there will be: a) no turning error. b) a tendency to underread turns through south and overread turns through north. c) a tendency to underread turns due to liquid swirl. d) no turning error when turning through east or west only. - 38 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 34(13-14) NAVIGATION REMOTE INDICATING COMPASS. (THE SLAVED GYRO COMPASS) REMOTE INDICATING COMPASS QUESTIONS 1. The detector unit of a remote indicating compass is normally: a) Fixed in the vertical plane only b) Fixed in the azimuth c) Free in the vertical d) Free in the horizontal plane 2. In a remote indicating compass, the rotor of the slaved gyro is automatically prevented from wandering in the vertical plane by means of: a) A levelling switch and torque motor b) pendulous suspension c) Bevel gears and gimbals d) A torque motor 3. The residual deviation of a remote indicating compass shall not exceed; a) 1 degree b) 3 degrees c) 2 degrees d) 5 degrees 4. What prevents the rotor of the slaved gyro from wandering in the horizontal plane: a) A levelling switch b) An alignment switch c) A precession circuit d) A follow up amplifier 5. A DG flag appears on the pilots gyro unit. What does it indicate to the pilot? a) Remote indicating compass in unserviceable b) The compass is misaligned c) The gyro is no longer being monitored by the detector unit d) The compass is aligned with the detector unit 6. The function of the follow up system in a remote indicating compass is to; a) Exercise a low rate if control over the gyro unit b) Maintain the master indicator aligned with the gyro unit c) Ensure the two gyro units are in alignment d) To ensure that the annunciator unit is working 7. The purpose of the annunciator circuit is to: a) Alternate irregularly b) Alternate regularly c) To indicate that the system is synchronized d) To show by a dot or a cross independently that the system is synchronized 8. With reference to the flux valve of a remote indicating compass; a) The flux valve is pendulously mounted and is free to turn to remain aligned with the earth magnetic field b) The flux valve is not subject to acceleration errors c) The flux valve is pendulously mounted and so it is not subject to or affected by the earth's magnetic field d) The flux valve is fixed to the aircraft and so turns with the aircraft to measure the angle between the aircraft and the earth's magnetic field - 39 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 38 (17-19) NAVIGATION AIRCRAFT MAGNETISM AIRCRAFT MAGNETISM QUESTIONS 1.---- 3. Deleted. 4. Compass swings should be carried out: a) on the apron. b) only on the compass swinging base or site. c) at the holding point. d) on the active runway. 5. When compensating a magnetic compass: a) coefficient A is always subtracted on any heading. b) coefficient B is subtracted on 090°C. c) coefficient C is added on 180°C. d) coefficient A may be corrected on any heading. 6. Deleted. 7. Aircraft magnetism caused by Vertical Soft Iron: a)varies with magnetic heading but not with magnetic latitude. b)varies with magnetic latitude but not with heading. c)it is not affected magnetic latitude or heading. d)varies as the cosine of the compass heading. 8. Aircraft magnetism caused by Hard Iron: a)is not usually influenced by the earth's magnetic field. b)varies directly with magnetic latitude. c)varies indirectly with magnetic latitude. d)is maximum on east and west. 9. Deviation due to coefficient A is mainly caused by: a) hard iron force acting along the longitudinal axis. b) hard and soft iron forces acting along the lateral axis. c) vertical soft iron forces. d) a misaligned lubber line. 10. The aim of a compass swing is: 1. to find deviation on the cardinal headings and to calculate coefficients A, B and C. 2. to eliminate or reduce the coefficients found. 3. to record any residual deviation and to prepare a compass correction card. a) only answer 1 is correct. b) answers 1 and 3 are correct. c) answers 1, 2 and 3 are all correct. d) none of the above answers are correct. - 40 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 39 (01-19) GENERAL NAVIGATION 1. Pressure Altitude is 27,000 feet, OAT = -35°C, Mach No = 0.45, W/V = 270/85, Track = 200°T. What is drift and groundspeed? a. 18L / 252 knots b. 15R / 310 knots c. 17L / 228 knots d. 17R / 287 knots 2. G/S = 240 knots, Distance to go = 500 nm. What is time to go? a. 20 minutes b. 29 minutes c. 2 h 05 m d. 2h 12m 3. OAT = +35°C, Pressure alt = 5000 feet. What is true alt? a. 4550 feet b. 5550 feet c. 4290 feet d. 5320 feet 4. Course 040°T, TAS 120 kts, Wind speed = 30 knots. From which direction will the wind give the greatest drift? a. 215°T b. 230°T c. 235°T d. 240°T 5. Required course 045°T, W/V = 190 /30, FL = 55 at ISA, Variation = 15°E. CAS = 120 knots. What is magnetice heading and G/S? a. 052°M 154 b. 067°M 154 c. 037°M 154 d. 037°M 113 6. An aircraft flies a great circle track from 56°N 070°W to 62°N 110°E. The total distance travelled is? a. 3720 NM b. 5420 NM c. 1788 NM d. 2040 NM 7. You are flying 090°C heading. Deviation is 2W and Variation is 12 E. Your TAS is 160 knots. You are flying the 070 radial outbound from a VOR and you have gone 14 nm in 6 minutes. What is the W/V? a. 158°T / 51 b. 060°T / 50 c. 340°T / 25 d. 055°T / 25 - 41 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 8. Please refer to Appendix B (In the Given Graph). APPENDIX-B Assume a North polar stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the Greenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic north pole for a distance of 480 nm along the 110°°-E meridian, then follows a grid track of 154°- for a distance of 300 nm. Its position is now approximately: a. 78°-45'N 087oE b. 80°-00'N 080°E c. 79°-15'N 074°E d. 70°-15'N 080°E 9. The sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic compass is: a. Inversely proportional to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field. b. Proportional to the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field. c. Inversely proportional to the vertical component of the earth's magnetic field. d. Inversely proportional to the vertical and horizontal components of the earth's magnetic field. 10. An aircraft at position 60°N 005°W tracks 090°(T) for 315 km. On completion of the flight the longitude will be: a. 002° 10' W b. 000° 15'E c. 000° 40'E d. 005° 15'E 11. What is the definition of magnetic variation? a. The angle between the direction indicated by a compass and Magnetic North. b. The angle between True North and Compass North. c. The angle between Magnetic North and True North. d. The angle between Magnetic Heading and Magnetic North. 12. At the magnetic equator: a. Dip is zero b. Variation is zero c. Deviation is zero d. The isogonal is an agonic line - 42 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 13. Which of these is a correct statement about the Earth's magnetic field: a. It acts as though there is a large blue magnetic pole in Northern Canada b. The angle of dip is the angle between the vertical and the total magnetic force. c. It may be temporary, transient, or permanent. d. It has no effect on aircraft deviation. 14. Where is a compass most effective? a. About midway between the earth's magnetic poles b. In the region of the magnetic South pole c. In the region of the magnetic North pole d. On the geographic equator 15. The value of variation: a. is zero at the magnetic equator b. has a maximum value of 180° c. has a maximum value of 45° E or 45° W d. cannot exceed 90° 16. You are in the northern hemisphere, heading West, and the aircraft is accelerating. Will a direct reading magnetic compass over-read or under-read? Is the compass indicating a turn to the north or to the south? Compass Indicating turn to a over-reads north b over-reads south c under-read north d under-reads south 17. What is the advantage of the remote indicating compass (slaved gyro compass) over the direct reading magnetic compass? a. It is lighter b. It is connected to a source of electrical power and so is more accurate c. It senses the earth's magnetic field rather than seeks it, so is more sensitive d. It is not affected by aircraft deviation 18. You are in the Northern hemisphere, heading 135° C on a Direct Reading Magnetic Compass. You turn right in a Rate 1 turn for 30 seconds. Do you roll out on an indicated heading of. a. Greater than 225 b. Less than 225 c. Equal to 225 d. Not possible to determine 19. IRS differs from INS in that it: a. Has a longer spin-up time and is not affected by vertical accelerations due to gravity. b. Has a shorter spin-up time and suffers from laser lock. c. Does not need to correct for coriolis and central acceleration. d. Does not experience Schuler errors as accelerometers are strapped down and are not rotated by a V/Rfeedback loop. 20. The period of validity of an FMS database is: a. 56 days b. One week c. 28 days d. Varies depending on the area of operational cover. - 43 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 21. In an IRS: a. The accelerometers are strapped down but the platform is gyro stabilised. b. The platform is strapped down but the accelerometers are gyro-stabilised. c. Accelerometers and platform are both gyro-stabilised. d. Accelerometers and platform are both strapped down. 22. When initial position is put into an FMS, the system: a. Rejects initial latitude error, but it will accept longitude error. b. Rejects initial longitude error, but it will accept latitude error. c. Rejects initial latitude or longitude error. d. Cannot detect input errors, and accepts whatever is put in. 23. In a ring laser gyro, the purpose of the dither motor is to: a. Enhance the accuracy of the gyro at all rotational rates. b. Overcome laser lock. c. Compensate for transport wander. d. Stabilise the laser frequencies. 24. The FMC position is: a. The average of the IRS positions b. The average of the IRS and radio navigation positions c. Computer generated from the IRS and radio navigation positions d. Computer generated from the radio navigation positions 25. Deleted. 26. The following waypoints are entered into an inertial navigation system (INS) WPT 1: 60N 30W WPT 2: 60N 20W WPT 3: 60N IOW The inertial navigation is connected to the automatic pilot on the route WP 1 - WP2 - WP3. The track change on passing WPT 2 will be approximately: a. a 9oincrease b. a 4o decrease c. zero d. a 9o decrease 27. What is the source of magnetic variation information in a Flight Management system (FMS)? a. The main directional gyro which is coupled to the magnetic sensor (flux valve) positioned in the wing tip. b. Magnetic variation information is stored in each IRS memory; it is applied to the true heading calculated by the respective IRS c. Magnetic variation is calculated by each IRS based on the respective IRS position and the aircraft's magnetic heading d. The FMS calculates MH and MT from the FMC position 28----29. Deleted. 30. An INS platform is kept at right angles to local gravity by applying corrections for the effects of: i. Aircraft manoeuvres ii. earth rotation iii. transport wander iv. coriolis v. gyroscopic inertia a. i, iii and v b. ii, iii and v c. ii, iv and v d. i, ii, iii and iv - 44 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 31. When and where are IRS positions updated? a. during all phases of flight b. only on the ground during the alignment procedure c. when the FMS is in IRS ONLY NAV operation d. when the VHF Nav Radios are selected to AUTO 32. An aircraft equipped with an Inertial Navigation system (INS) flies with INS 1 coupled with autopilot l. Both inertial navigation systems are navigating from waypoint A to B. The inertial systems' CDU s show: XTK on INS 1 = 0 XTK on INS 2 = 8L From this information it can be deduced that: a. only inertial navigation No 1 is drifting b. only inertial navigation No 2 is drifting c. at least one of the inertial navigation systems is drifting d. the autopilot is unserviceable in NAV mode 33. Deleted. 34. On a triple-fit IRS system, present positions on the CDU: a. will only differ if one IRS has been decoupled due to a detected malfunction b. will only differ if an initial input error of aircraft position has been made c. are likely to differ as the information comes from different sources d. will not differ as the information is averaged 35. Gyro-compassing in an INS: a. is possible in flight as the gyros can differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors b. is not possible in flight as the gyros can differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors c. is not possible in flight as the gyros cannot differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors d. is possible in flight as the gyros cannot differentiate between acceleration due to aircraft movement and initial alignment errors 36. Deleted. 37. An aircraft leaves at 0900 UTC on a 250 nm journey with a planned groundspeed of 115 knots. After 74 nm the aircraft is 1.5 minutes behind the planned schedule. What is the revised ETA at the destination? a 1100 b 1110 c 1115 d 1054 38. In an INS / IRS, an azimuth gyro is found to have a drift rate. If t is the time since selecting the the MSU from ALIGN to NAVigate, is the azimuth gyro heading error a. Proportional to t b. Proportional to t2 c. Proportional to t/2 d. sinusoidal - 45 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 39. In an INS / IRS, an azimuth gyro is found to have a drift rate. If t is the time since selecting the the MSU from ALIGN to NAVigate, is the position error a. Proportional to t b. Proportional to t2 c. Proportional to t/2 d. sinusoidal 40. Laser lock is overcome in an IRS system by using a piezo-electric motor which utilises the principle of a. shake b. SAGNAC c. dither d. vibration 41. A----------30nm------B-----20nm-------C ATA A is 1010. ETA B is 1030. ETA C is 1043. ATA B is 1027. What is revised ETA C? a. 1040 b. 1043 c. 1038 d. 1036 42. Isogrivs are lines that connect positions that have a. the same grivation b. the same variation c. 0° magnetic dip d. the same horizontal magnetic field strength 43. An aircraft at position 6000N 00522W flies 165 km due East. What is the new position? a. 6000N 00820E b. 6000N 00224W c. 6000N 00108E d. 6000N 00108W 44. An aircraft at latitude 0220N tracks 180°T for 685 kilometres. What is its latitude at the end of the flight? a 0350S b 0250S c 0210S d 0855S 45----46 Deleted. 47. An aircraft is flying TAS 180 knots and tracking 090°T. The W/V is 045/50. How far can the aircraft fly out from its base and return within 1 hour? a. 74 nm b. 85 nm c. 102 nm d. 111 nm 48. You are flying a VFR route and have become uncertain of your position. Which is the best course of action? a. set heading towards a line feature - coastline, river, or motorway b. turn round and fly your flight plan tracks in reverse until you see something you recognized before c. fly a series of ever-expanding circles from your present position till you find your next check point d. Turn round and fly your flight plan in reverse back to base - 46 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 49. An aircraft is at FL 140 with an IAS of 210 and a true OAT of -5 °C. The wind component is - 35 knots. When the aircraft is at 150 nm from a reporting point, ATC request the crew to lose 5 minutes by the time they get to the beacon. How much do they need to reduce IAS? a. 15 knots b. 25 knots c. 30 knots d. 20 knots 50. An aircraft has a TAS of 300 knots and a safe endurance of 10 hours. If the wind component on the outbound leg is 50 knots head, what is the distance to the point of safe endurance? a. 1500 nm b. 1458 nm c. 1544 nm d. 1622 nm 51. An aircraft has a TAS of 300 knots and is over a stretch of water between 2 airfields 500 nm apart. If the wind component is 60 knots head, what is the distance from the first airfield to the critical point? a. 250 nm b. 200 nm c. 300 nm d. 280 nm 52. X----- 30nm----Y-------20nm-----Z ATA X is 1420. ETA Y is 1447. ATA Y is 1450. What is new ETA Z? a. 1506 b. 1512 c. 1510 d. 1515 53 Given: Airport elevation is 1000 feet. QNH is 988 hPa, What is the approximate airport pressure altitude? a. 320 b. 1680 c. -320 d. 680 54. An aircraft starts at position 0410S 17822W and heads true north for 2950 nm,then turns 90 degrees left, and maintains a rhumb line track for 314 kilometers. What is its final position? a 5500N 17422W b 4500N 17422W c 5500N 17738E d 4500N 17738E 55. You are heading 080°T when you get a range and bearing fix from your AWR on a headland at 185 nm 30° left of the nose. What true bearing do you plot on the chart? a. 050 from the headland, using the headland's meridian b. 050 from the headland, using the aircraft's meridian c. 230 from the headland, using the headland's meridian d. 230 from the headland, using the aircraft's meridian 56. By what amount must you change your rate of descent given a 10 knot increase in headwind on a 3° glideslope? a. 50 feet per minute increase b. 30 feet per minute increase c. 50 feet per minute decrease d. 30 feet per minute decrease - 47 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 57----58 Deleted. 59. In which months is the difference between apparent noon and mean noon the greatest? a. November and February b. January and July c. March and September d. June and December 60. 5 hours 20 minutes and 20 seconds hours time difference is equivalent to which change of longitude? a 81°30' b78° 15' c79° 10' d80° 05' 61. The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different durations is due to the: a. earth's rotation b. relative speed of the sun along the ecliptic c. inclination of the ecliptic to the equator d. gravitational effect of the Sun and the Moon on the speed of rotation of the Earth 62. A Lamberts Conical conformal chart has standard parallels at 63N and 41N. What is the constant of the cone? a.891 b.788 c.656 d.707 63. On a chart, 49 nautical miles is represented by 7.0 centimetres. What is the scale? a. 1 /700,000 b. 1 / 2,015,396 c. 1 / 1,296,400 d. 1 / 1,156,600 64. On a Direct Mercator chart, great circles are shown as: a. Curves convex to the nearer pole b. Straight lines c. Rhumb lines d. Curves concave to the nearer pole 65. The scale on a Lambert's conformal conic chart a. is constant along a meridian of longitude b. is constant along a parallel of latitude c. varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude d. is constant across the whole map 66----67 Deleted. 68. Heading is 156°T, TAS is 320 knots, W/V is 130/45. What is your true track? a 160 b 152 c 104 d 222 - 48 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 69. You are heading 345°M, the variation is 20°E, and you take a radar bearing of 30° left of the nose from an island. What bearing do you plot? a 160°T b 155°T c 140°T d 180°T 70. Your pressure altitude is FL55, the QNH is 998, and the SAT is +30°C. What is Density Altitude? a. 6980 feet b. 7750 feet c. 8620 feet d. 10020 feet 71. Convergence on a Transverse Mercator chart is correct at: a. the datum meridian only b. the datum meridian and the Equator c. the Equator and the Poles d. the Parallel of Origin 72. When is the last point at which an INS or IRS may be selected to NAV mode? a. After passengers and freight are aboard b. Immediately prior to push back or taxy from the gate c. At the holding point d. On operation of the TOGA switch when opening the throttles for the take-off 73. On a particular take-off, you can accept up to 10 knots tailwind. The runway QDM is 047, the variation is 17°E and the ATIS gives the wind direction as 210. What is the maximum wind strength you can accept? a. 18 knots b. 11 knots c. 8 knots d. 4 knots 74. The agonic line: a. is midway between the magnetic North and South poles b. follows the geographic equator c. is the shorter distance between the respective True and Magnetic North and South poles d. Follows separate paths out of the North polar regions, one currently running through Western Europe and the other through the USA 75. On a 12% glide slope, your groundspeed is 540 knots. What is your rate of descent? a. 6550 feet/min b. 4820 feet/min c. 8740 feet/min d. 3120 feet/min 76. What does the sensor of an INS/IRS measure ? a. velocity b. displacement c. pressure d. acceleration 77. At 65 nm from a VOR you commence a descent from FL330 in order to arrive over the VOR at FL 100. Your mean groundspeed in the descent is 240 knots. What rate of descent is required? a. 1420 feet/min b. 1630 feet/min c. 1270 feet/min d. 1830 feet/min - 49 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 78. In an Inertial Navigation System, what is the output of the first stage North/South integrator? a. groundspeed b. latitude c. velocity along the local meridian d. change of latitude 79. Deleted. 80. In which month does aphelion occur? a. January b. March c. July d. November 81. The term drift refers to the wander of the axis of a gyro in? a. any plane b. the horizontal plane c. the vertical plane d. the vertical and horizontal plane 82. What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set every day? a. 68° N b. 66° N c. 62° N d. 72° N 83. The pressure alt is 29000 feet and the SAT is -55°C. What is density altitude? a. 27500 feet b. 26000 feet c. 30000 feet d. 31000 feet 84. The distance from A to B is 2368 nautical miles. If outbound groundspeed in 365 knots and homebound groundspeed is 480 knots and safe endurance is 8 hours 30 minutes, what is the time to the PNR? a. 290 minutes b. 209 minutes c. 219 minutes d. 190 minutes 85. What is the UTC time of sunrise in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (49N 123 30W) on the 6th December? (In the exam, tables were supplied. The answers given below are based on the tables in your Gen Nav notes). a. 2324 UTC b. 0724 UTC c. 1552 UTC d. 0738 UTC 86. How does scale change on a normal Mercator chart? a. Expands as the secant z (2 co-latitude) b. Expands directly with the secant of the latitude c. Correct on the standard parallels, expands outside them, contracts within them d. Expands as the secant of the E/W great circle distance - 50 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 87. You are on ILS 3-degree glideslope which passes over the runway threshold at 50 feet. Your DME range is 25 nm from the threshold. What is your height above the runway threshold elevation? (Use the 1 in 60 rule and 6000 feet = 1 nautical mile) a. 8010 feet b. 7450 feet c. 6450 feet d. 7550 feet 88. At 1200 Standard Time on the 10th July in Queensland, Australia, what is the Standard Time in Hawaii, USA? a. 1200 ST 10 July b. 1000 ST 10 July c. 1600 ST 09 July d. 0200 ST 10 July 89. Deleted. 90. You are flying at a True Mach No of.82 in a SAT of -45°C. At 1000 hours you are 100 nm from the POL DME and your ETA at POL is 1012. ATC ask you to slow down to be at POL at 1016. What should your new TMN be if you reduce speed at 100 nm distance to go? a. M.76 b M.72 c. M.68 d. M.61 91. The relative bearing to a beacon is 270°R. Three minutes later, at a groundspeed of 180 knots, it has changed to 225°R.What was the distance of the closest point of approach of the aircraft to the beacon'? a. 45 nm b. 18 nm c. 9 nm d. 3 nm 92. Groundspeed is 540 knots. 72 ran to go. What is time to go? a. 8 mins b. 9 mins c. 18 mins d. 12 mins 93. An aircraft at position 2700 N 17000W travels 3000 km on a track of 180°T, then 3000 km on a track of 090°T, then 3000 km on a track of 000°T, then 3000 km on a track of 270°T. What is its final position? a. 2700 N 17000W b. 0000N/S 17000W c. 2700 N 17318W d. 2700 N 14300 W 94. Deleted. 95. An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent at 120 NM from a VOR and to cross the facility at FL 130. If the mean GS for the descent is 288 kt, the minimum rate of descent required is: a. 920 ft/min b. 890 ft/min c. 860 ft/min d. 960 ft/min 96. Deleted. - 51 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 97. You are homing to overhead a VORTAC and will descend from 7500 QNH to be 1000 AMSL by 6 nm DME. Your groundspeed is 156 knots and the ROD will be 800 feet/min. At what range from the VORTAC do you commence the descent? a. 27.1 nm b. 15.8 nm c. 11.7 nm d. 30.2 nm 98. ATT mode of the Inertial Reference System (IRS) is a back-up mode providing: a. altitude, heading and position information b. navigation information c. only attitude information d. only attitude and heading information 99. The data that needs to be inserted into an Inertial Reference System in order to enable the system to make a successful alignment for navigation is: a. airport ICAO identifier b. the position of an in-range DME c. aircraft heading d. aircraft position in latitude and longitude 100. A Rhumb line is: a. the vertex of a conformal polyformic projection b. a straight line on a Lambert's conformal chart c. a line on the Earth which cuts all meridians at the same angle d. the shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface 101. You fly from 49N to 58N along the 180 E/W meridian. What is the distance in kilometres? a. 540 km b. 804 km c. 1222 km d. 1000 km 102. How long does alignment of an IRS (Laser Ring Gyros) normally take at mid-latitudes? a. 17 minutes b. 5 minutes c. 10 minutes d. 2 minutes 103. On a particular Direct Mercator wall chart, the 180°°-W to 180°°-E parallel of latitude at 53N is 133 cm long. What is the scale of the chart at 30S? a. 1:3,000,000 b. 1:18,000,000 c. 1: 21,000,000 d. 1:27,000,000 104. What method of entering waypoints can be used on all INS equipments? a. Distance and bearing b. Waypoint name c. Navaid identifier d. Latitude and longitude 105. What is the highest latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be vertically overhead? a 23½o b 66½o c 45o d 90o - 52 - Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh Navigation (ATPL/FOOL) 106. Track = 090 (T), TAS = 460 knots, W/V = 360 (T) / 100, Variation= 10 E, Deviation = -2. What is compass heading and groundspeed? a. 079o 470 knots b. 069o 450 knots c. 068o 460 knots d. 070o 455 knots 107. Deleted. 108. The purpose of the