Language Development Chapter 9 PDF

Language Development Chapter 9 What Is Language? A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of abstract symbols with specific conventions. The Development of Language Five basic components that underlie all languages: Phonology: knowledg...

Language Development Chapter 9 What Is Language? A form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of abstract symbols with specific conventions. The Development of Language Five basic components that underlie all languages: Phonology: knowledge of sounds used in a given language How about Sign Languages? Morphology: understanding the ways that sounds can be combined to form words Semantics: meaning or content of words and sentences Syntax: knowledge of the structure of sentences; rules by which words are to be combined to form sentences Pragmatics: understanding how to use language to communicate effectively  90-95% of deaf children born to hearing parents; at most 40% use sign language: language deprivation. Signed versus "The phonology, syntax, semantics, morphology and pragmatic Spoken aspects of language are acquired around 4 years of age Language whether the parental input is in sign or spoken language" (Andrews, Logan, Phelan, 2008). Age Language Development Birth Crying Attend to human speech/sign 2-3 Months Cooing begins 6 Months Babbling begins 6-12 Months Change from universal linguist to language-specific learning Comprehension of words begins (6-9 months) 8-12 Months Uses gestures 12 Months First words (Holophrases) Fast Mapping 18 Months Vocabulary Spurt begins (underextension, overextension) By 3 yrs – 900 words By 6 yrs – 14,000 21 Months Telegraphic Speech  Learning theory approach Language Acquisition: Nativist approaches Three Views Interactionist perspective  The quantity of talk directed at Interaction children is linked to the child’s vocabulary growth. with people aids The way we talk to children children’s affects their language development. language Infant Directed Speech development. Labeling Recasting Expanding  Infant-Directed Speech Short sentences High pitch Exaggerated expression Clear pronunciation Distinct pauses © Anna Lurye | Dreamstime.com Clear gestures Repetition Reading and being read to improves children’s language development.  Reading Practice The Relation of Reading Achievement to Number of Pages Read Daily  Children from low-SES families hear 30 million fewer words than their middle-class peers by the time they are 3-years old. Word Gap From the text: Poverty and Language Development Serve and Return Interactions Parent response patterns that are warm, consistent, and contingent on infant actions linked with positive language development in infants across cultures Biological Linguist Noam Chomsky: language acquisition device (LAD). Influences on Language Children are prepared by nature with the ability to detect the sounds of language and to detect and Development follow language rules.  Animal language Support for Brain structures Biological Broca’s area: An area of the brain’s left Language frontal lobe that directs muscle Preparedness movements involved in speech production. Wernicke’s area: An area of the temporal lobe in the brain’s left hemisphere involved in language comprehension.  Learning a second language: Evidence easier for children than for adolescents or adults. for Sensitive Cases studies like Genie period Sensitive Period for Language Grammar Proficiency and Age at Arrival in the United States Language Development and age of Adoption An Interactionist Biological preparedness, language View of environment, and motivation to understand and be understood help children discover the Language functions and patterns of language.  Bilingualism and Learning a Second Language Simultaneous Bilingualism: exposure to two languages from birth Build distinct language systems Course of language development is similar for each language Kuther, Lifespan Development in Context, 1e. © SAGE 20 Publications, 2018. Advantages of Bilingualism: Associated with many cognitive skills: memory, selective attention, analytical reasoning, concept formation, cognitive flexibility, executive function More cognitively and socially flexible  How can we aid children’s language development? Respond to infants’ coos and babbles with words Use joint-attention to comment Play social games with infants and toddlers Talk through daily activities Expand on what child just said Read to children Bilingualism is good for language and cognitive development. Children’s Books and Media Common Sense Media: https://www.commonsensemedia.org/ The Marginalian: explores what it means to live a decent, inspired, substantive life of purpose and gladness. https://www.themarginalian.org/tag/childrens- books/ American Indians Children’s Literature: https://americanindiansinchildrensliterature.blogspot.com/ Hijabi Librarians: https://hijabilibrarians.com/ Latinxs in Kid Lit: https://latinosinkidlit.com/ The Brown Book Shelf: https://thebrownbookshelf.com/ lgbtq Kid Lit Social Justice Books: https://socialjusticebooks.org/sources/