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Here's the markdown representation of the whiteboard content: ```markdown # Electrolyte Imbalances ## hyponatremia * **Na+ 135-145** * 1. Renal or external fluid loss + ↑ADH *(vomit, diarrhea or third spacing)* * ADH ↑ to maintain fluids volume ECF that was...

Here's the markdown representation of the whiteboard content: ```markdown # Electrolyte Imbalances ## hyponatremia * **Na+ 135-145** * 1. Renal or external fluid loss + ↑ADH *(vomit, diarrhea or third spacing)* * ADH ↑ to maintain fluids volume ECF that was lost -> exacerbate Na+ deficit = hypovolemia hyponatremia * 2. Excess fluids *(IV fluids, pure water)* * ↑ total volume but ECF + Na+ stay the same... fluid goes into ICF = euvolemic hyponatremia * 3. ↑ total volume + Na+ *(3 % IV fluids)* * total volume > Na+ -> ECF to ICF = hypervolemia hyponatremia * All cause fluid shift into the ICF -> cell swells causing neurological symptoms * ↓ Na+: stupor, coma, lethargy & seizures * \*Diagram: Contains "↑ADH -> ↑ECF" with the ECF containing Na+ ions that are leaving the ECF and entering the ICF * **Diagram:** Contains arrows that show water and minerals moving between the two ## hypernatremia * 1. Excessive water loss, ↑ Na+ *(Na+ foods, insufficient fluid intake)* * ↑ Na+ & H2O in ECF *(cell shrinks) = Hypervolemia* * 2. Fluid Deficit *(pure water loss* * Osmolality ↑ in ECF d/t volume changes = euvolemic hypernatremia * 3. Insufficient fluid intake *(dehydrated)* * total volume < Na+ -> ICF to ECF = hypovolemic hypernatremia * All cause fluid shift into the ECF -> cells shrink causing neuro symptoms: restlessness, anxiety, thirst, confusion * **Diagram:** Contains arrows that show water and minerals moving between the two directions. ```