Prenatal Nutrition Study Guide PDF

Prenatal Nutrition Study Guide 1. Pica is an eating disorder where people crave and eat non-food items. Examples include eating dirt or chalk. 2. Pregnancy is divided into three equal parts called trimesters. 3. Importance of folic acid for pregnant women:Folic acid is important to prevent b...

Prenatal Nutrition Study Guide 1. Pica is an eating disorder where people crave and eat non-food items. Examples include eating dirt or chalk. 2. Pregnancy is divided into three equal parts called trimesters. 3. Importance of folic acid for pregnant women:Folic acid is important to prevent birth defects of the baby's brain and spine. Pregnant women need 400-800 micrograms daily. Three food sources are leafy green vegetables, beans, and fortified cereals. 4. Importance of calcium for pregnant women:Calcium is important for building the baby's bones and teeth. Pregnant women need about 1,000 milligrams daily. 5. Spina Bifida:Spina Bifida is a birth defect where the spine and spinal cord don't form properly.The three stages of fetal development are: 6. 1. Germinal Stage:.This is the first two weeks after conception. The fertilized egg (zygote) divides and attaches to the uterus wall. 2. Embryonic Stage:This stage lasts from the third to the eighth week. The major organs and  structures of the baby begin to form. 3. Fetal Stage:This stage starts from the ninth week until birth. The baby grows larger and the organs develop further. 7. Women are more likely to deal with a high-risk pregnancy if they are younger than 17 or older than 35. 8. The fluid-filled pouch that cushions the embryo/fetus is called the amniotic sac. 9. Quickening is when a pregnant woman first feels the baby move, usually between 16 and 25 weeks of pregnancy. 10. Factors that may contribute to a high-risk pregnancy include: 1. Age (younger than 17 or older than 35)2. Pre-existing health conditions (like diabetes or high blood pressure)3. Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)4. Lifestyle choices (smoking, alcohol, or drug use)5. History of pregnancy complications6. Obesity or underweight7. Infections during pregnancy 11. How many extra calories does a pregnant women need each trimester? a. 1st trimester 0 b. 2nd trimester 340  c. 3rd trimester 450 12. Caffeine:High amounts of caffeine can increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight. It can also affect the baby's heart rate and metabolism.Alcohol:Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), which causes growth problems, facial abnormalities, and learning and behavioral issues. It can also increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth.Smoking:Smoking during pregnancy can cause low birth weight, preterm birth, and developmental problems. It also increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and respiratory issues in the baby.Artificial sweeteners:Some artificial sweeteners, like saccharin, can cross the placenta and may pose risks to the fetus. While many are considered safe in moderation, it's best to consult with a healthcare provider.Heavy metals/pesticides:Exposure to heavy metals (like lead and mercury) and pesticides can harm the developing nervous system of the fetus, leading to developmental delays, learning difficulties, and other health issues. It can also increase the risk of birth defects and miscarriage. 13. How many pounds should a healthy woman gain during pregnancy? 25-30 pound 14. What is the function of the placenta?The function of the placenta is crucial for the development of the fetus. It acts as an interface between the mother and the baby, providing oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus while removing waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta also produces hormones that support pregnancy and helps protect the fetus from infections. 15. List the 6 prenatal nutrition concerns we discussed. Give a method of prevention and/ or treatment for each of them.Sure, here are six common prenatal nutrition concerns along with methods of prevention and/or treatment for each:1. Folate Deficiency - Prevention/Treatment: Take a prenatal vitamin that includes folic acid, and consume folate-rich foods like leafy greens, citrus fruits, and beans to prevent neural tube defects.2. Iron Deficiency - Prevention/Treatment: Include iron-rich foods such as lean meats, spinach, and fortified cereals in your diet, and consider taking an iron supplement if recommended by your healthcare provider to prevent anemia.3. Calcium Deficiency - Prevention/Treatment: Consume calcium-rich foods like dairy products, fortified plant-based milks, and leafy greens. A calcium supplement may be necessary if dietary intake is insufficient to support fetal bone development.4. Vitamin D Deficiency - Prevention/Treatment: Ensure adequate sunlight exposure and include vitamin D-rich foods like fatty fish, fortified dairy products, and eggs in your diet. A vitamin D supplement may be recommended to support calcium absorption and fetal bone health.5. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency - Prevention/Treatment: Include sources of omega-3 fatty acids such as fatty fish (low in mercury), flaxseeds, and walnuts in your diet. A prenatal omega-3 supplement may also be beneficial for fetal brain and eye development.6. Gestational Diabetes - Prevention/Treatment: Maintain a balanced diet with controlled carbohydrate intake, engage in regular physical activity, and monitor blood sugar levels as advised by your healthcare provider. Medication or insulin may be required in some cases to manage blood sugar levels effectively.