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Cognitive Processes Lesson 3 Short term memory What is memory? Stored knowledge, or active processes? Types of memory – Iconic and echoic / Sensory memory – Short-t...

Cognitive Processes Lesson 3 Short term memory What is memory? Stored knowledge, or active processes? Types of memory – Iconic and echoic / Sensory memory – Short-term memory / Working memory – Long term memory Weiten (2012) figure 7.9, p.279 From Weiten, 2010, Fig. 7-9, p. 282  Iconic & Echoic memory How many letters could participants recall: – If asked to recall ALL? – If asked to recall just one row? What is the duration of: – Iconic memory? – Echoic memory? (+short demo) Traditional approach to STM and LTM SHORT TERM LONG-TERM MEMORY (STM) MEMORY (LTM) Capacity Limited Unlimited 7+ 2 Rate of Decays within 20 Forgetting due to forgetting secs if not interference rehearsed rather than decay Type of code Phonological Semantic See http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Miller/ The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information - George A. Miller (1956) “And finally, what about the magical number seven? What about the seven wonders of the world, the seven seas, the seven deadly sins, the seven daughters of Atlas in the Pleiades, the seven ages of man, the seven levels of hell, the seven primary colours, the seven notes of the musical scale, and the seven days of the week? What about the seven-point rating scale, the seven categories for absolute judgment, the seven objects in the span of attention, and the seven digits in the span of immediate memory?” From http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Miller/ The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information - George A. Miller (1956) STM and LTM are different memory systems Serial-position effects in short-term recall Primacy => information transferred to LTM Recency => information “dumped” from short-term buffer STM and LTM are different memory systems Coding differences Short-term memory: Long-term memory: Neuropsychological evidence HM Clive Wearing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing)  Working memory Working memory system consists of: Central Executive & Episodic Buffer (text p.283) “Slave” systems – phonological loop – visuo-spatial scratch pad VSS CE PL Demonstrations / evidence of each From Weiten, 2012, p.281 Fig. 7-11, p. 281  Phonological loop Counting demonstration Speed of speech Effect of language efficiency / digit span  Central executive What does it do? (What do we think it does?) Is working memory the basis of attentional limitations, or the site of “conscious awareness”? VSS CE PL