Philippine Education System: Legal Documents PDF

KEY LEGAL DOCUMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS To start with, let us first define “Legal.” According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, the term legal derived from the Latin word legalis which means law. It means conforming to or permitted by law or established rules and if we are to define The Legal Bases...

KEY LEGAL DOCUMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS To start with, let us first define “Legal.” According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, the term legal derived from the Latin word legalis which means law. It means conforming to or permitted by law or established rules and if we are to define The Legal Bases of the Philippine Education System, it would mean as the laws which are the bases of the Philippine Education System. Understanding the legal bases of the teaching profession will help teachers and student teachers in knowing their duties, asserting their rights, and in guiding them how to act as professionals. Article XIV of the 1987 Republic of the Philippines Constitution To fully appreciate the legal bases of professionalizing teaching in the Philippines, it is important to examine the constitutional basis of Philippine education. Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution provides the general framework for education in the country. It shows how the state recognizes the importance of education, science and technology, cultural development, and sports and wellness in the life of the state and of the people. Article XIV embodies the utopian and economic goal of education of the Philippines. Section 1: The State shall protect and promote the right all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all. Section 2: The State shall: (1) Establish, maintain, and support a complete, adequate, and integrated system of education relevant to the needs of the people and society; (2) Establish and maintain, a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural rights of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for all children of school age; (3) Establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools, especially to the under-privileged. (4) Encourage non-formal, informal, and indigenous learning systems, as well as self- learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs particularly those that respond to community needs; and (5) Provide adult citizens, the disabled, and out-of-school youth with training in civics, vocational efficiency, and other skills. Section 5: (1) The State shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage local planning in the development of educational policies and programs. (2) Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all institutions of higher learning.  (3) Every citizen has a right to select a profession or course of study, subject to fair, reasonable, and equitable admission and academic requirements. (4) The State shall enhance the right of teachers to professional advancement. Non-teaching academic and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the protection of the State. (5) The State shall assign the highest budgetary priority to education and ensure that teaching will attract and retain its rightful share of the best available talents through adequate remuneration and other means of job satisfaction and fulfillment. EDUCATIONAL ACT OF 1982 (Batas Pambansa Blg. 232) This was an act providing for the establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education. In accordance with Section 2, this act shall apply to and govern both formal and non- formal system in public and private schools in all levels of the entire educational system. As provided by this Act, the national development goals are as follows: 1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress. 2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth; and 3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and consciousness and preserve, develop and promote desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in changing world. It is also stated in Section 3 that: The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education, regardless of sex, age, creed socio-economic status, physical and mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political or other affiliation. The State shall therefore promote and maintain equality of access to education as well as the benefits of education by all its citizens. References: https://www.set.gov.ph/resources/philippine-constitutions/1987-constitution/ https://www.scribd.com/document/360235202/The-Legal-Bases-of-the-Teaching-Profession