Year 7 Science Yearly Exam Revision PDF

Year 7 Science Yearly Exam Revision I am a Scientist - Scientific Method Scientific Method: Steps include making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, collecting data, and drawing conclusions. I am a Scientist - Variables Independent Variable: What you change. Dependent Var...

Year 7 Science Yearly Exam Revision I am a Scientist - Scientific Method Scientific Method: Steps include making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, collecting data, and drawing conclusions. I am a Scientist - Variables Independent Variable: What you change. Dependent Variable: What you measure. Controlled Variables: What you keep the same. I am a Scientist - Data Use tables, line graphs, or bar graphs to display results appropriately. I am a Scientist - Safety Examples include wearing goggles when using a Bunsen burner and handling chemicals carefully. Chemistry: States of Matter States of Matter: Solid, liquid, and gas. Solid: Particles are tightly packed in fixed positions. Liquid: Particles are close but can move past each other. Gas: Particles are far apart and move freely. Chemistry: States of Matter Changes of State: Melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, sublimation and deposition Chemistry: States of Matter - Properties Biology: Cells - Cell structure Cell Structure Main differences: Plant Cells: Have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large vacuole. Animal Cells: Do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. Biology: Cells - Energy Photosynthesis: Occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and converts light energy into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration: Occurs in the mitochondria of animal cells and converts glucose to ATP. Biology: Cells - Energy Biology: Cells - Levels of Organisation Levels of Organisation: Cell → Tissue → Organ → System. Biology: Cells - Unicellular and Multicellular Unicellular vs. Multicellular: Unicellular: One cell (e.g., bacteria). Multicellular: Many cells that perform specialised functions (e.g., humans). Physics: Energy - Types of Energy Types of Energy: Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion (e.g., moving car). Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position (e.g., a compressed spring). Chemical Energy: Stored in food and fuels. Physics: Energy - Energy Transformations Energy Transformations: Example: Elastic potential energy → Kinetic energy when a spring is released. Physics: Energy - Law Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. Physics: Energy - Circuits Series Circuits: Current is the same through each component; total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. Parallel Circuits: Voltage is the same across each branch; total resistance decreases as more branches are added. Physics: Energy - Circuit Components Switch: Opens/closes a circuit. Light Bulb Symbol: Standard representation in circuit diagrams. Physics: Energy - Circuits Effect of Adding Components: Adding more bulbs in series decreases brightness due to increased resistance. Biology: Cells - Unicellular and Multicellular Unicellular vs. Multicellular: Unicellular: One cell (e.g., bacteria). Multicellular: Many cells that perform specialised functions (e.g., humans). Chemistry: Elements and Compounds - Periodic Table Organised by increasing atomic number, groups (vertical) have similar properties (e.g., Group 8: Noble Gases). Chemistry: Elements and Compounds - Atoms Protons (+ charge), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (- charge). Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while electrons orbit in shells. Chemistry: Elements and Compounds - Elements Elements: Pure substances consisting of one type of atom (e.g., Oxygen, O). Chemistry: Elements and Compounds - Compounds Compounds: Substances made from two or more elements chemically bonded (e.g., Water, H₂O). Chemistry: Elements and Compounds - Mixtures Can be homogeneous (evenly distributed) or heterogeneous (not evenly distributed) Chemistry: Elements and Compounds Chemistry: Elements and Compounds Chemistry: Elements and Compounds - Atoms Protons (+ charge), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (- charge). Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while electrons orbit in shells. Earth: Resources - Natural Resources Natural Resources: Renewable (e.g., solar, wind) and non-renewable (e.g., fossil fuels like coal, oil). Earth: Resources - Natural Resources Renewable Energy: Environmentally friendly, does not produce greenhouse gases (e.g., solar energy). Sustainability: Actions like reducing fossil fuel use and using solar panels can help reduce environmental impact. Earth: Resources - Water Cycle Water Cycle: Evaporation: Water turns into vapor. Condensation: Water vapor turns into liquid, forming clouds. Precipitation: Rain, snow, or sleet falls to the ground. Earth: Resources - Earth Spheres