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ction to an equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 410.42shall be mechanically connected to an equipment grounding conductor. Exception No. 1: Replacement luminaires shall be permitted to connect an equipment grounding conductor in the same manner as replacement receptacles in compliance w...

ction to an equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 410.42shall be mechanically connected to an equipment grounding conductor. Exception No. 1: Replacement luminaires shall be permitted to connect an equipment grounding conductor in the same manner as replacement receptacles in compliance with 250.130(C). The luminaire shall then comply with 410.42. Exception No. 2: Where no equipment grounding conductor exists at the outlet, replacement luminaires that are GFCI protected or do not have exposed conductive parts shall not be required to be connected to an equipment grounding conductor. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Exception No. 1 provides a method by which a luminaire with exposed conductive parts can be installed at an outlet where no means of grounding is provided by the existing wiring system. The means allowed by the exception is the same as is permitted for receptacles installed at outlets where no grounding means exists. Part VI. Wiring of Luminaires 410.50 Luminaire Wiring — General. Wiring on or within luminaires shall be neatly arranged and shall not be exposed to physical damage. Excess wiring shall be avoided. Conductors shall be arranged so that they are not subjected to temperatures above those for which they are rated. 410.51 Polarization of Luminaires. Luminaires shall be wired so that the screw shells of lampholders are connected to the same luminaire or circuit conductor or terminal. The grounded conductor, where connected to a screw shell lampholder, shall be connected to the screw shell. 410.52 Conductor Insulation. Luminaires shall be wired with conductors having insulation suitable for the environmental conditions, current, voltage, and temperature to which the conductors will be subjected. Informational Note: See 402.3, 402.5, and 402.6 for ampacity of fixture wire, maximum operating temperature, voltage limitations, and minimum wire size. 410.54 Pendant Conductors for Incandescent Filament Lamps. (A) Support. Pendant lampholders with permanently attached leads, where used for other than festoon wiring, shall be hung from separate stranded rubber-covered conductors that are soldered directly to the circuit conductors but supported independently thereof. Size. Unless part of listed decorative lighting assemblies, pendant conductors shall not be smaller than 14 AWG for mogul-base or medium-base screw shell lampholders or smaller than 18 AWG for intermediate or candelabra-base lampholders. Twisted or Cabled. Pendant conductors longer than 900 mm (3 ft) shall be twisted together where not cabled in a listed assembly. 410.56 Protection of Conductors and Insulation. (A) Properly Secured. Conductors shall be secured in a manner that does not tend to cut or abrade the insulation. Protection Through Metal. Conductor insulation shall be protected from abrasion where it passes through metal. Luminaire Stems. Splices and taps shall not be located within luminaire arms or stems. Splices and Taps. No unnecessary splices or taps shall be made within or on a luminaire. Informational Note: See 110.14 for approved means of making connections. (E) Stranding. Stranded conductors shall be used for wiring on luminaire chains and on other movable or flexible parts. Tension. Conductors shall be arranged so that the weight of the luminaire or movable parts does not put tension on the conductors. 410.59 Cord-Connected Showcases. Individual showcases, other than fixed, shall be permitted to be connected by flexible cord to permanently installed receptacles, and groups of not more than six such showcases shall be permitted to be coupled together by flexible cord and separable locking-type connectors with one of the group connected by flexible cord to a permanently installed receptacle. The installation shall comply with 410.59(A) through (E). Cord Requirements. Flexible cord shall be of the hard-service type, having conductors not smaller than the branch-circuit conductors, having ampacity at least equal to the branch-circuit overcurrent device, and having an equipment grounding conductor. Informational Note: See Table 250.122 for size of equipment grounding conductor. (B) Receptacles, Connectors, and Attachment Plugs. Receptacles, connectors, and attachment plugs shall be of a listed grounding type rated 15 or 20 amperes. Support. Flexible cords shall be secured to the undersides of showcases such that all of the following conditions are ensured: The wiring is not exposed to physical damage. The separation between cases is not in excess of 50 mm (2 in.), or more than 300 mm (12 in.) between the first case and the supply receptacle. The free lead at the end of a group of showcases has a female fitting not extending beyond the case. No Other Equipment. Equipment other than showcases shall not be electrically connected to showcases. Secondary Circuit(s). Where showcases are cord-connected, the secondary circuit(s) of each electric-discharge lighting ballast shall be limited to one showcase. 410.62 Cord-Connected Lampholders and Luminaires. Lampholders. Where a metal lampholder is attached to a flexible cord, the inlet shall be equipped with an insulating bushing that, if threaded, is not smaller than metric designator 12 (trade size 3⁄8). The cord hole shall be of a size appropriate for the cord, and all burrs and fins shall be removed in order to provide a smooth bearing surface for the cord. Bushing having holes 7 mm (9⁄32 in.) in diameter shall be permitted for use with plain pendant cord and holes 11 mm (13⁄32 in.) in diameter with reinforced cord. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Metal lampholders (brass- and aluminum-shell type) used with flexible-cord pendants are required to be equipped with smooth and permanently secured insulating bushings. Nonmetallic-type lampholders do not require a bushing, because the material and the design afford equivalent protection. Adjustable Luminaires. Luminaires that require adjusting or aiming after installation shall not be required to be equip⁠ped with an attachment plug or cord connector, provided the exposed cord is suitable for hard-usage or extra-hard-usage and is not longer than that required for maximum adjustment. The cord shall not be subject to strain or physical damage. Informational Note: See Table 400.4, “Use” column for application provisions. (C) Electric-Discharge and LED Luminaires. Electric-discharge and LED luminaires shall comply with 410.62(C)(1), (C)(2), and (C)(3), as applicable. Cord-Connected Installation. A luminaire or a listed assembly in compliance with any of the conditions in 410.62(C)(1)(a) through (C)(1)(c) shall be permitted to be cord connected provided the luminaire is located directly below the outlet or busway, the cord is not subject to strain or physical damage, and the cord is visible over its entire length except at terminations. Informational Note: See 400.10, Uses Permitted, and 400.12, Uses Not Permitted. A luminaire shall be permitted to be connected with a cord terminating in a grounding-type attachment plug or busway plug. If grounding is not required in accordance with 410.42, a polarized-type plug shall be permitted. A luminaire assembly equipped with a strain relief and canopy shall be permitted to use a cord connection between the luminaire assembly and the canopy. The canopy shall be permitted to include a section of raceway not over 150 mm (6 in.) in length and intended to facilitate the connection to an outlet box mounted above a suspended ceiling. Listed luminaires connected using listed assemblies that incorporate manufactured wiring system connectors in accordance with 604.100(C) shall be permitted to be cord connected. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Section 410.62(C)(1) applies to listed cord-and-plug-connected light-emitting diode (LED) and electric-discharge luminaires, such as the luminaire illustrated in below. The supply cord is not permitted to penetrate a suspended ceiling, because the cord is required to be visible along its entire length. Section 410.62(C)(1)(c) permits a listed manufactured wiring system connector that is part of a fabricated assembly to supply the luminaires in place of a grounding-type attachment plug. Certain listed assemblies with a 6-inch maximum section of raceway are permitted to be installed above a suspended ceiling. Supply cords cannot be used as a supporting means, and the luminaires must be suspended directly below the outlet boxes supplying each luminaire. If the luminaire is suspended below the lift-out-type ceiling, the cord is not permitted to penetrate the ceiling, unless it is part of a listed luminaire assembly as described in 410.62(C)(1)(c). See also 400.12, which further explains the uses not permitted for cords. See 368.56(B), which permits luminaires to be connected to busways by cords plugged directly into the busway. Provided with Mogul-Base, Screw Shell Lampholders. Electric-discharge luminaires provided with mogul-base, screw shell lampholders shall be permitted to be connected to branch circuits of 50 amperes or less by cords complying with 240.5. Receptacles and attachment plugs shall be permitted to be of a lower ampere rating than the branch circuit but not less than 125 percent of the luminaire full-load current. Equipped with Flanged Surface Inlet. Electric-discharge luminaires equipped with a flanged surface inlet shall be permitted to be supplied by cord pendants equipped with cord connectors. Inlets and connectors shall be permitted to be of a lower ampere rating than the branch circuit but not less than 125 percent of the luminaire load current. 410.64 Luminaires as Raceways. Luminaires shall not be used as a raceway for circuit conductors unless they comply with 410.64(A), (B), or (C). ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse This section does not permit luminaires to be used as raceways for circuit conductors unless specifically listed and marked for this use. According to the UL Luminaires Marking and Application Guide, 2016, luminaires listed for use as raceways are marked “Suitable for Use as a Raceway” and also with the maximum number, size, and type of conductor permitted in a raceway. Without those markings, a row of luminaires connected end to end cannot be used as a raceway for circuit conductors other than the 2-wire or multiwire circuit supplying the luminaires. Luminaires identified for use as a raceway have been evaluated for the heat contribution caused by additional current-carrying conductors. Listed. Luminaires listed and marked for use as a raceway shall be permitted to be used as a raceway. Through-Wiring. Luminaires identified for through-wiring, as permitted by 410.21, shall be permitted to be used as a raceway. Luminaires Connected Together. Luminaires designed for end-to-end connection to form a continuous assembly, or luminaires connected together by recognized wiring methods, shall be permitted to contain the conductors of a 2-wire branch circuit, or one multiwire branch circuit, supplying the connected luminaires and shall not be required to be listed as a raceway. One additional 2-wire branch circuit separately supplying one or more of the connected luminaires shall also be permitted. Informational Note: See Article 100 for the definition of Multiwire Branch Circuit. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Section 410.64(C) facilitates convenient switching and supply circuit arrangements for a physically continuous row of luminaires or a row that is made continuous via the wiring method. A single 2-wire or a single multiwire branch circuit supplying the luminaires is permitted to be run through the continuous row(s), and the luminaires are not required to be listed for use as a raceway. An additional 2-wire branch circuit is permitted to be run through the luminaires. This circuit can supply only luminaires in the connected row(s) and is commonly used to switch night lighting as an energy conservation method. 410.68 Feeder and Branch-Circuit Conductors and Ballasts. Feeder and branch-circuit conductors within 75 mm (3 in.) of a ballast, LED driver, power supply, or transformer shall have an insulation temperature rating not lower than 90°C (194°F), unless supplying a luminaire marked as suitable for a different insulation temperature. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Listed LED drivers (including the Class 2 output type) are limited to either 75°C or 90°C, depending on which standard was used to evaluate the device. In many ways, the installation rules established for discharge lighting ballasts over the years carried over to LED drivers. “LED driver” is a common industry term referring to the power supply for the LED. See also Table 310.4(1) for temperature ratings, along with other insulated conductor specifications. 410.69 Identification of Control Conductor Insulation. Where control conductors are spliced, terminated, or connected in the same luminaire or enclosure as the branch-circuit conductors, the field-connected control conductor shall not be of a color reserved for the grounded branch-circuit conductor or the equipment grounding conductor. Informational Note: See 200.6 for identification of grounded conductor and 250.119 for identification of equipment grounding conductor. Exception: A field-connected gray-colored control conductor shall be permitted if the insulation is permanently re-identified by marking tape, painting, or other effective means at its termination and at each location where the conductor is visible and accessible. Identification shall encircle the insulation and shall be a color other than white, gray, or green. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Conductors with the insulation colors reserved for branch-circuit conductors are not permitted to be used for luminaire control circuits if they share the same wiring compartment with the branch-circuit conductors. The exception permits field re-identification of field-connected gray control conductors. Some existing controls, drivers, and ballasts have integral lead wires that are purple and gray. 410.70 Combustible Shades and Enclosures. Air space shall be provided between lamps and shades or other enclosures of combustible material. 410.71 Disconnecting Means for Fluorescent or LED Luminaires that Utilize Double-Ended Lamps. General. In indoor locations other than dwellings and associated accessory structures, fluorescent or LED luminaires that utilize double-ended lamps and contain ballast(s) or LED driver(s) that can be serviced in place shall have a disconnecting means either internal or external to each luminaire. For existing installed luminaires without disconnecting means, at the time a ballast or LED driver is added or replaced a disconnecting means shall be installed. The line side terminals of the disconnecting means shall be guarded. Exception No. 1: A disconnecting means shall not be required for luminaires installed in hazardous (classified) location(s). Exception No. 2: A disconnecting means shall not be required for luminaires that provide emergency illumination required in 700.16. Exception No. 3: For cord-and-plug-connected luminaires, an accessible separable connector or an accessible plug and receptacle shall be permitted to serve as the disconnecting means. Exception No. 4: Disconnecting means shall not be required for every luminaire in a building area if all of the following conditions apply: (1) More than one luminaire is installed in the building area (2) The luminaires are not connected to a multiwire branch circuit (3) The design of the installation includes disconnecting means (4) The building area will not be left in total darkness should only one disconnect be opened Multiwire Branch Circuits. When connected to multiwire branch circuits, the disconnecting means shall simultaneously break all the supply conductors to the ballast, including the grounded conductor. Location. The disconnecting means shall be located so as to be accessible to qualified persons before servicing or maintaining the ballast. Where the disconnecting means is external to the luminaire, it shall be a single device, and it shall be attached to the luminaire or the luminaire shall be located within sight of the disconnecting means. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse The disconnect can be either inside or outside the luminaire and must disconnect all supply conductors simultaneously, including the grounded conductor. Where the disconnecting means is external to the luminaire, it must be a single device either attached to the luminaire or within sight of the luminaire. Four exceptions to the required disconnect are provided in 410.71(1), Exception No. 4. In addition to the ungrounded conductors, the grounded or neutral conductor is also required to be disconnected. A disconnecting means is required be installed when a ballast is replaced in a luminaire that does not have an existing internal or external disconnecting means. Part VII. Construction of Luminaires 410.80 Luminaire Rating. (A) Marking. All luminaires shall be marked with the maximum lamp wattage or electrical rating, manufacturer’s name, trademark, or other suitable means of identification. A luminaire requiring supply wire rated higher than 60°C (140°F) shall be marked with the minimum supply wire temperature rating on the luminaire and shipping carton or equivalent. Electrical Rating. The electrical rating shall include the voltage and frequency and shall indicate the current rating of the unit, including the ballast, transformer, LED driver, power supply, or autotransformer. 410.82 Portable Luminaires. Portable luminaires shall be wired with flexible cord recognized by 400.4 and an attachment plug of the polarized or grounding type. If used with Edison-base lampholders, the grounded conductor shall be identified and attached to the screw shell and the identified blade of the attachment plug. 410.84 Cord Bushings. A bushing or the equivalent shall be provided where flexible cord enters the base or stem of a portable luminaire. The bushing shall be of insulating material unless a jacketed type of cord is used. Part VIII. Installation of Lampholders 410.90 Screw Shell Type. Lampholders of the screw shell type shall be installed for use as lampholders only. Where supplied by a circuit having a grounded conductor, the grounded conductor shall be connected to the screw shell. 410.93 Double-Pole Switched Lampholders. Where supplied by the ungrounded conductors of a circuit, the switching device of lampholders of the switched type shall simultaneously disconnect both conductors of the circuit. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Single-pole switching may be used to interrupt the ungrounded conductor of a 2-wire circuit in which one conductor is grounded. The grounded conductor must be connected to the screw shell of the lampholder. Where a 2-wire circuit is derived from the two ungrounded conductors of a multiwire circuit (3- or 4-wire system) or from the two ungrounded conductors of a 2-wire circuit (3-wire system) and is used with switched lampholders, the switching device is required to be double-pole and to simultaneously disconnect both ungrounded conductors of the circuit. 410.96 Lampholders in Wet or Damp Locations. Lampholders installed in wet locations shall be listed for use in wet locations. Lampholders installed in damp locations shall be listed for damp locations or shall be listed for wet locations. 410.97 Lampholders Near Combustible Material. Lampholders shall be constructed, installed, or equipped with shades or guards so that combustible material is not subjected to temperatures in excess of 90°C (194°F). Part IX. Lamps and Auxiliary Equipment 410.100 Bases, Incandescent Lamps. An incandescent lamp for general use on lighting branch circuits shall not be equipped with a medium base if rated over 300 watts, or with a mogul base if rated over 1500 watts. Special bases or other devices shall be used for over 1500 watts. 410.104 Electric-Discharge Lamp Auxiliary Equipment. (A) Enclosures. Auxiliary equipment for electric-discharge lamps shall be enclosed in noncombustible cases and treated as sources of heat. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse The UL Guide Information for Electrical Equipment contains information on fluorescent ballasts (FKVS) and high-intensity discharge (HID) ballasts (FLCR). Fluorescent ballast enclosures are categorized by UL as indoor, outdoor, and weatherproof. Fluorescent ballasts can be an open type that must be installed within an enclosure, or they can be enclosed. HID ballasts are categorized the same, except there is no open-type HID ballasts. Indoor ballasts are suitable for use in an indoor, dry location only. Outdoor ballasts are designated as Type 1 or Type 2. Type 2 ballasts are provided with their own enclosure. Both types are suitable for use in outdoor equipment, wet or damp location luminaires, or outdoor signs if the ballasts are within the overall electrical enclosure. Weatherproof ballasts are suitable for use where exposed to the weather without an additional enclosure. (B) Switching. Where supplied by the ungrounded conductors of a circuit, the switching device of auxiliary equipment shall simultaneously disconnect all conductors. Part X. Special Provisions for Flush and Recessed Luminaires 410.110 General. Luminaires installed in recessed cavities in walls or ceilings, including suspended ceilings, shall comply with 410.115 through 410.126. 410.115 Temperature. (A) Combustible Material. Luminaires shall be installed so that adjacent combustible material will not be subjected to temperatures in excess of 90°C (194°F). Recessed Incandescent Luminaires. Incandescent luminaires shall have thermal protection and shall be identified as thermally protected. Exception No. 1: Thermal protection shall not be required in a recessed luminaire identified for use and installed in poured concrete. Exception No. 2: Thermal protection shall not be required in a recessed luminaire whose design, construction, and thermal performance characteristics are equivalent to a thermally protected luminaire and are identified as inherently protected. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse Because many recessed incandescent luminaires are suitable for a wide variety of lamp sizes and types and finish trims, the temperature close to the lamp can vary widely. Therefore, many manufacturers have chosen to locate thermal protectors away from the source of heat — such as in the outlet box — and to design the protector so that it detects a change in temperature resulting from the addition of thermal insulation around the luminaire. This design prevents nuisance tripping of the protector (e.g., as a result of changing lamp wattage) but still provides protection against overheating arising from thermal insulation around a recessed luminaire not designed for such use. 410.116 Clearance and Installation. (A) Clearance from Combustible Material. (1) Non-Type IC. A recessed luminaire that is not identified for contact with insulation shall have all recessed parts spaced not less than 13 mm (1⁄2 in.) from combustible materials. The points of support and the trim finishing off the openings in the ceiling, wall, or other finished surface shall be permitted to be in contact with combustible materials. Type IC. A recessed luminaire that is identified for contact with insulation, Type IC, shall be permitted to be in contact with combustible materials at recessed parts, points of support, and portions passing through or finishing off the opening in the building structure. Clearance from Thermal Insulation. Thermal insulation shall not be installed above a recessed luminaire or within 75 mm (3 in.) of the recessed luminaire’s enclosure, wiring compartment, ballast, transformer, LED driver, or power supply unless the luminaire is identified as Type IC for insulation contact. ENHANCED CONTENT Collapse LED luminaires for installation in contact with thermal insulation must be identified as Type IC, which is similar to the requirements for other luminaires. A listed Type IC recessed luminaire installed in direct contact with thermal insulation is illustrated below. Thermal protection is provided to deactivate the lamp should the luminaire be mislamped so that it overheats. Installation in Fire-Resistant Construction. Luminaires marked “FOR USE IN NON-FIRE-RATED