EAPPP.docx

Academic Writing \*Style or practice teachers and students used as they **produce educational materials.** \*It has **serious tone the standard** of writing used in scholarly articles. \*Any writing done **to fulfill a requirement in college/university** Examples of Academic Writing : **Book rep...

Academic Writing \*Style or practice teachers and students used as they **produce educational materials.** \*It has **serious tone the standard** of writing used in scholarly articles. \*Any writing done **to fulfill a requirement in college/university** Examples of Academic Writing : **Book report ,Research Paper, Academic Journal, Dissertation/ Thesis** \*Its focus is on **stating facts and issues and NOT of the opinion of the writer.** \*It should be on the **Third person point of view DO NOT USE I, YOU, ME, YOURS** \*In research we always write the **"researcher" not "I"** \***Avoid jargons or slang words.** If you use technical terms, write them in glossary or in definition of terms section \*Chat messages are informal Professional Writing \***Also called as Business Writing** \*A style used in the workplace. Examples of Professional Writing : **Journalism, Business letters ,Memo ,CV, Email** \*Focuses on giving opinion therefore it's advisable and recommendable to focus on state of action \*It is **less formal** \*The sentence should be short. Not more than 25 words in a sentence. \*You can use First, Second or Third person point of view. \*Avoid QUALIFIERS Example: maybe, probably. Use ACTIVE VOICE not PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVE VOICE: I would like to remind you of our new work schedule starting in September PASSIVE VOICE: Our new work schedule starting in September was reminded by him/her LANGUAGE- Language is an important tool for communication and expressing ideas. In academic writing, language is used to convey information, ideas and research findings in a clear and concise manner. However, the language used in academic texts varies depending on the discipline. Understanding the conventions of language used in academic texts from different disciplines is an essential aspect of academic writing. Academic language is the language needed by students to do the work in schools. It includes, for example, discipline specific vocabulary, grammar and punctuation, and applications of rhetorical conventions and devices that are typical for a content area (e.g., essays, lab reports, discussions of a controversial issue.) Students who master academic language are more likely to be successful in academic and professional settings. Social language is the **set of vocabulary that allows us to communicate with others** in the context of regular daily conversations. FEARURES OF LANGUAGE USED IN ACADEMIC WRITING FORMALITY Use of language appropriate in academic and professional settings Follows accepted rules, forms, and conventions of writing in a particular community or discipline THINGS TO AVOID TO ACHIEVE FORMALITY Colloquial words and expressions, Contractions and abbreviations, Two-word verbs, Asking questions Sub-headings, numbering, bullet-points (in essays) OJECTIVITY Emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you Characterized by the use of the third person rather than first person EXPLICITNESS Refers to the organization of the ideas in the text Shows relationship and connection of the ideas in the text Indicates the source of the idea use transitional devices PRECISION Specifying information, dates, or figures Example: Do not use \'a lot of people\' when you can say \'50 million people\' ACCURACY Sentences are free from grammatical errors Correct and appropriate words are used SAMPLE DICSIPLINE  **TEXT STRUCTURE** **-Refers to the way authors organize information in text** **-These text structures are used to organize every text regardless of genre (e.g., expository, narrative) or content (e.g., science, social studies, current events or sports).** **CAUSE AND EFFECT** **-Provide explanations or reasons for phenomena (explaining why something happened)** **PROBLEM AND SOLUTION** **-Identify problems and pose solutions** **COMPARE AND CONTRAST** **-Discuss two ideas, events, or phenomena, showing how they are different and how they are similar** **-LINKING WORDS In contrast, Compared to, Similar to, But, whereas** **SEQUENCE/ CHRONOLOGICAL** **-describes items or events in order, or explains the steps to follow.** **DESCRIPTION** **-The description text structure describes or explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing to give the reader a mental picture.** **NARRATIVE** **-Narrates an event/story with characters, setting, conflict, point view, and plot** **Summarizing- is how we take larger selections of text and reduce them to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main points that are worth noting and remembering. Webster\'s calls a summary the \"general idea in brief form\"; it\'s the distillation, condensation, or reduction of a larger work into its primary notions. ("Reading Quest Strategies \| Summarizing")** **Techniques:** **1. Somebody Wanted But So. The strategy helps students generalize, recognize cause and effect relationships, and find main ideas.** **2. SAAC Method. This method is particularly helpful in summarizing any kind of text. SAAC is an acronym for "State, Assign, Action, Complete." Each word in the acronym refers to a specific element that should be included in the summary.** **3. 5 W\'s, 1 H. This technique relies on six crucial questions: who, what, when where, why, and how. These questions make it easy to identify the main character, important details, and main idea.** **4. First Then Finally. This technique helps students summarize events in chronological order.** **5. Give Me the Gist. This type of techniques is like giving a friend the gist of a story. In other words, they want a summary -- not a retelling of every detail.**