Defining Sleep PDF

WHILE YOU WERE SLEEPING “DEFINING SLEEP” DANIEL JIN BLUM, PHD RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY | NYU SHANGHAI  WHY SLEEP? Polysomnography Post-Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery  WHY...

WHILE YOU WERE SLEEPING “DEFINING SLEEP” DANIEL JIN BLUM, PHD RESEARCH ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY | NYU SHANGHAI  WHY SLEEP? Polysomnography Post-Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery  WHY SLEEP? Polysomnography with CPAP Post-Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery  Table of contents 01 02 Objectives Methodology You can describe the topic You can describe the topic of the section here of the section here 03 04 Result analysis Conclusions You can describe the topic You can describe the topic of the section here of the section here OUR SLEEP DREAM TEAM! Name Where you’re from Major Hopes for the class HOW MANY HOURS OF SLEEP DO YOU NEED TO FEEL AT YOUR BEST? A. Less than 7 hours B. 7 to 9 hours C. More than 9 hours HOW MANY HOURS OF SLEEP DID YOU GET LAST NIGHT? A. Less than 7 hours B. 7 to 9 hours C. More than 9 hours WHAT SENSE DOES SLEEP MAKE? ▪ None, from an evolutionary POV It robs us of 25 – 30 years of our lives We can’t hunt We can’t protect ourselves We can’t socialize We can’t mate and reproduce We can’t nurture our young ▪ Sleep is insane ▪ …or is it? SYLLABUS ICLICKER.COM BOOKS Required Optional READINGS ▪ Mendelson ▪ pp. 6 ­ 13, 22 ­ 23 ▪ Klinkenborg, 1997 ▪ Optional: ▪ Moorcroft ▪ Chapter 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to: Describe 5 benefits of healthy sleep Identify 5 signs of insufficient sleep Describe 3 ways that sleep may impact his/her/their desired occupation(s) Effectively interpret sleep log data Implement at least 2 evidenced-based strategies for effectively improving his/her/their own sleep WHAT ARE YOUR QUESTIONS? How many hours do I need? What happens if I’m sleep deprived? Can I train my body to sleep less? Why are teens owls and old folks larks? What happens to my brain while I sleep? What happens to my body while I sleep? Why do I need to sleep? What are dreams? Do they matter? How can I improve my sleep? WHAT CONSTITUTES NORMAL OR “GOOD” SLEEP? ▪ The ability to: 1. Fall asleep easily 2. Sleep through the night 3. Wake up refreshed BAD STUFF HAPPENS WHEN WE DON’T SLEEP Exxon Valdez Space Shuttle Challenger Chernobyl Nuclear Meltdown GOOD STUFF HAPPENS WHEN YOU GET MORE SLEEP  WHY ARE WE SLEEPING LESS? Over the past 40-years, Americans have reduced their average total sleep time by more than 2 hours. Why? SLEEP DISORDERS ▪ Insomnia ▪ Circadian Rhythm Disorders ▪ Parasomnias ▪ Limb Movement Disorders ▪ Narcolepsy ▪ Nightmares ▪ Sleep Disordered ▪ Nocturnal Enuresis Breathing SLEEP METRICS Physical quiescence, stereotypical posture, rebound after deprivation, etc EEG, Temperature, etc. Behavioral Neurophysioloical Surveys, Rating Scales, & Polysomnography, Actigraphy Self-Report Questionnaires Objective Subjective HOW DO YOU KNOW IF SOMEONE IS SLEEPING? ▪ Physical quiescence ▪ Elevated threshold for arousal and reactivity ▪ Stereotypic by species (e.g., lying, standing) ▪ Rapid awakening ▪ With moderate stimulation ▪ Rebound recovery ▪ Increased sleep following deprivation BEHAVIORAL DEFINITION OF SLEEP Sleep is a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from, and unresponsiveness to, the environment. ▪ Key characteristics of this definition: Observable Reversible (distinguish from coma) ▪ Can add to this definition: Characterized by typical behavioral concomitants (e.g., recumbent, closed eyes, etc.) Carskadon & Dement, 2011 ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM (EEG) ▪ How do you know if someone is truly asleep? ▪ Neuronal communication Occurs via electrical signals driven by neurochemicals ▪ EEG Represents a summary of the synchronous activity of millions of neurons that have similar spatial orientation. EEG The electric potentials generated by single neurons are too small to be picked up by EEG. NEURONAL SYNCHRONY PRODUCES HIGHER AMPLITUDE ON THE EEG WHEN ARE OUR NEURONS MORE IN SYNC AND PRODUCING HIGHER AMPLITUDES ON THE EEG? A. When we’re awake. B. When we’re asleep. C. There is no difference between sleep and wake. AMPLITUDE & FREQUENCY DEFINE EEG WAVES Amplitude (microvolts [μV]) Frequency (cycles per second or Hertz) Beta (14-30 cps) Alpha (8-12 cps) Theta (4-7 cps) Delta (