WWII Guided Notes: World War II Study Guide

WWII I. The Four Power Treaty a. Between the 1920’s and 1930’s America’s foreign policy was to remain _______________ apart from involvement in Latin America. America was committed to reducing the chances of war. b. The ___________ _____________ __________...

WWII I. The Four Power Treaty a. Between the 1920’s and 1930’s America’s foreign policy was to remain _______________ apart from involvement in Latin America. America was committed to reducing the chances of war. b. The ___________ _____________ ______________ signed by the United States, Great Britain, France, and Japan in 1921, forbade territorial expansion into Asia. c. In 1928, the United States and fourteen other nations signed the _____________ -_____________________, declaring war an international crime. d. The Russian Revolution of 1917, Germany’s defeat in WWI, the subsequent _____________ _______________ _______________, and the international economic crisis set the stage for inevitable conflict. II. Dictators After WWI a. Unstable economies and post WWI suffering opened the door for ____________________ and _______________ dictators to come to power in Europe.  b. The rise of the ______________ _____________ ____________ _____________ _____________ and Hitler’s coming to power as dictator sealed the fate of Germany. III. Munich Pact a. Hitler directly violated the Treaty of Versailles with his 1936 invasion of the Rhineland and 1938 invasion of __________________. b. In hopes to appease Hitler’s territorial expansion, Great Britain and France agree on the ____________ _____________ which allowed the German occupation of the Sudetenland. IV. Dividing Poland a. Germany did not stop with the Sudetenland and went on to occupy __________________. b. In 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union agree to divide ______________ between them and prevent war upon one another. V. The Origins of the Pacific War a. September 18, 1931, a small explosion tore up Japanese railroad tracks in South Manchuria resulting in the Japanese _______________ army shelling the Shenyang garrison. b. The Japanese ordered a full-scale invasion of ____________________ and defeated Chinese warlords by February 1932. c. Manchuria was turned to ________________ under the control of the Japanese empire. VI. The Manchurian Incident a. The conflict between Japan and China was a result of Japan’s hunger for _____________ ________________, disorganization of Chinese forces, and protecting Japanese citizens and investments. b. The Manchurian Incident sparked a war between China and Japan that would last _________________ years and claim the lives of over thirty-five million people. c. Economic hardships continue to challenge Japan’s leaders as they contemplate turning to ___________________ expansion or ________________ cooperation. VII. Japanese Military Expansion a. After a series of political crises and assassinations, Japan committed itself to aggressive _________________ ___________________. b. Radical military leaders in Japan were intent upon creating an empire, starting with the conquest of ________________.  c. Chiang Kai-shek’s scorched earth policy hurt the Japanese military effort, alienated dislocated Chinese civilians, and became a propaganda tool for the ______________ _____________. d. America lacked the will and military power to oppose Japan. VIII. The Neutrality Acts a. U.S. Congress was committed to nonintervention despite war raging on in ___________________ and ______________. b. Immigration quotas and restrictions prevented _____________ _______________ from seeking asylum in America. c. Between 1935 and 1937 three laws known as the _____________ _________________ were passed which banned the sale of armaments or the loaning of money to belligerent countries, and forbade the transport of passengers or weapons aboard U.S. ships bound for warring nations. IX. From Neutrality to Engagement a. Despite the Neutrality Acts, _____________________was able to provide aid to China in the form of soldiers and military supplies. b. Germany and Italy form a military alliance with the “Pact of Steel” c. On September 1, 1939, Hitler invaded Poland by unleashing __________________, or “lightning war.” This is the official start of WWII in Europe. d. President Roosevelt expanded the Neutrality Acts to permit the ______________ and ___________________of munitions for Britain and France. e. Through the _____________ ______________ ______________ in July 1940, the U.S. started to embargo the shipment of various materials to Japan starting with aviation gasoline, machine tools, scrap iron and steel. X. The Lend Lease Program a. President ___________________ becomes increasingly concerned as Germany occupies France and continues to bomb Great Britain. b. In June 1941 Hitler breaks the __________________ pact with the Soviet Union and this leads to the Battle of ________________. c. The U.S. and Britain pledge to not seek territory but promote national self-determination, freedom of the seas, and international diplomacy in the ______________ _____________. d. In 1941, the U.S. begins the _____________ _______________ program with Britain, China, and the Soviet Union to supply them with armaments. XI. Pearl Harbor a. Japan begins to feel the pressure of the U.S. trade ____________________ on oil. b. Japan decided that if ________________ relations would not secure a solution with the U.S., then the two nations would go to war. c. The U.S. demands that Japan withdraw from __________________ and enter into nonaggression pacts. d. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. Pacific fleet at _________________. XII. America Joins the War a. President Roosevelt responds to the attack on Pearl Harbor by giving his “date which will live in ___________________” speech where he asked Congress for a declaration of war on Japan. b. On December 8, 1941, the United States declared war on ________________. c. On December 11, 1941, _______________ and _______________ declared war on the United States. XIII. WWII on the Home Front - The Tuskegee Institute a. African American soldiers served in __________________ units and were used as support troops instead of serving in combat roles. b. The ______________ ___________________ in Alabama trained aspiring African American pilots who went on to become some of the most decorated pilots. c. First ______________ ______________ _________________ supported an end to racism in the military. d. Native Americans also served in unique roles during the war such as the Navajo _____________ ______________ and Comanche code talkers. XIV. The Battle of Iwo Jima a. On February 25, 1945, during the Battle of Iwo Jima, six Marines raised an American flag at the summit of Mt. ________________, a territory deemed important to the United States’ Island-Hopping campaign. b. The allied victory at ______________ _________________ became a major turning point in the war in the Pacific. XV. Conscientious Objectors a. During the war, some seventy-two thousand men registered as _______________ _________________, those who for religious or philosophical reasons, refuse to serve in the armed forces.  b. Dwight D. Eisenhower was assigned to organize America’s new tank corps and was appointed commander of the _____________ _______________ ______________ ________________in June 1942. c. Eisenhower had excellent leadership and organizational skills and was also appointed to commander of the ______________ ________________ campaign despite his lack of combat experience. XVI. Victory Gardens a. ___________________ virtually disappeared as more people became employed in war industries. b. ___________________of the west and increased migration changed the demographics of the nation. c. _________________ and war bonds were encouraged. d. Most Americans were eager to conserve for the war by planting ______________ _________________. XVII. Rosie the Riveter a. Although women were entering new roles in the workforce, women still faced ________________ disparities. b. Women were getting paid more money than ever before, but still did not make as much as their _______________ counterparts. c. To reassure men that the demands of war would not make women too masculine, the government created a propaganda campaign featuring ______________ ____________ _____________. XVIII. Community Facilities Act of 1942 a. Eleanor Roosevelt urged the passing of the ______________ ________________ _________________ of 1942 that would provide childcare for women at work. b. Approximately 350,000 women joined the __________________serving as nurses, drivers, secretaries, engineers, chemists, and more. XIX. Women and WWII a. __________ ___________ __________ ___________ (WASPs) were responsible for transporting goods from factories to military bases. b. All female military units included the Army and Navy Nurse Corps Reserves, the Women’s _____________ ______________ ___________, the Navy’s Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service, the Coast Guard’s SPARs, and Marine Corps units gave women the opportunity to serve as either commissioned officers or enlisted members at military bases at home and abroad.  c. Black women still faced racial discrimination in the military and mostly served in service_________________ roles. d. Many Americans turned to the entertainment industry during the war as a form of __________________ and source of information. XX. World War II and Race Relations in the U.S a. Despite increased unity and patriotism, ____________ Americans, ______________ Americans, and _______________ Americans were still fighting for equality on American soil. b. In 1942 the Pittsburg Courier established the ____________ ____________ ____________ for African Americans to win victory over the enemy overseas and victory over racism at home. c. Executive Order 8802 established the ___________ _______________ _________________ _____________ which aimed to rid the defense industries of discrimination. XXI. Zoot Suit Riots a. The _________________ Program instituted between the U.S. and Mexico on August 4, 1942, increased wartime use of immigrant agricultural labor to expand food production. b. _____________ _____________were flamboyant outfits worn by African American and Mexican Americans that demonstrated a distinctive style and sense of identity. c. The “____________ _________________” occurred in Los Angeles when carloads of White sailors, encouraged by other White civilians, stripped and beat a group of young men wearing the distinctive form of dress. The conflict resulted in more than one hundred injuries. XXII. Japanese Internment Camps a. In response to Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt signed _____________ ________________ _____________which gave the government permission to relocate and detain people of Japanese ancestry, including those who were American citizens b. Japanese-Americans, along with others, were forced into _____________ _______________ out of fear of sabotage or espionage until the war’s end. c. Acknowledgement and compensation for this injustice did not happen until _________________ later. XXIII. The End of World War II- The Tehran Conference a. Roosevelt’s strategy was to focus American resources on _____________ _____________ before turning to defeat Japan in the  Pacific. He imagined the U.S. as the leading world power in post war world. b. In a conference with the Big Three, Roosevelt demanded Germany and Japan give an “_____________ _____________.” c. At the Tehran Conference, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin planned the cross-channel invasion of _______________. XXIV. D-Day a. On June 6, 1944, in what became known as _______________ _______________, the British, Canadian, and American forces invaded Normandy, France, and opened a second front in Europe. b. Against all odds, D-Day was a success and is now considered the ___________________ air, land, and sea assault in history. XXV. Wartime Diplomacy and D-Day a. General ____________ _____________ ______________________made his decision to lead the invasion early in fear of critical weather and encouraged men to fight to a “full victory- nothing else!” b. D-Day became a major _____________ _______________ in the war in Europe. c. The ______________ ________________ now had the ability to take back France and gain ground in Germany. XXVI. The D-Day Invasion a. The _______________ ____________________ took place on the beaches nicknamed Omaha, Utah, Gold, Juno, and Sword. b. More than thirty-four thousand men were involved in the assault as they were shot at by ___________________ forces from the hills above. c. Allied forces liberated __________________ in 1944 and successfully diverted German troops. XXVII.The Holocaust and Victory in the European Theater a. The Battle of the _______________was the final German attack along the Western Front, fought in the border region between Belgium and Luxembourg, that marked the end of the German army’s ability to carry out offensive maneuvers. b. The __________________, Hitler’s plan to kill the Jews of Europe, had begun as early as 1933, with the construction of Dachau, the first of more than forty thousand camps for incarcerating Jews, submitting them to forced labor, or exterminating them. XXVIII. The Potsdam Conference  a. In response to Hitler’s genocide, much of the American public held feelings of _____________ - ____________________. b. ___________________ speculated a few options to help Holocaust victims but was unaware of the extent of these wartime atrocities. c. The big three made plans for the defeat of Nazi Germany at the _______________ ________________ in February of 1945. d. Stalin, Churchill, and newly elected Truman agree to divide Germany and Austria into postwar zones of occupation and dismantle the Germany industry at the _____________ _________________. XXIX. The Pacific Theater and the Atomic Bomb a. After a series of defeats, the Allies turned the tide of the war in the Pacific at the Battle of Coral Sea and the Battle of _______________. b. The U.S. used the tactic of _______________ ______________ to gradually move across the Pacific to Japan. c. Wartime ____________________ increased animosity toward the Japanese and depicted them as uncivilized and barbaric. XXX. Iwo Jima and Okinawa a. American forces attempted to gain air superiority and cut off Japan’s _______________ and ____________ _______________. b. American forces firebombed major Japanese cities such as _______________. c. Americans secured a _________________ at Iwo Jima, but not without loss. d. __________________ became the hardest fought and bloodiest battle in the Pacific killing hundreds of thousands of troops and civilians. XXXI. The Atomic Bomb a. President Harry Truman established the ______________ _______________, a secret research project to develop the atomic bomb. b. The ______________ __________________, a B-29 bomber dropped the bomb “Little Boy” on the city of Hiroshima on August 6,1945. c. With no Japanese surrender, another bomb “Fat Man” was dropped on _________________ three days later. d. Emperor _____________________ gave unconditional surrender after the bombing, signaling the end of WWII.