WP Exam 1 PDF

World Politics WP Exam 1 1. Essay questions a. Broad b. Theories c. Global governance d. Write 250 to 300 words e. Make answers specific (explain concepts and ideas as much as possible, exs) 2. 3-4 big...

World Politics WP Exam 1 1. Essay questions a. Broad b. Theories c. Global governance d. Write 250 to 300 words e. Make answers specific (explain concepts and ideas as much as possible, exs) 2. 3-4 big things / significant Section I: CONCEPTS AND THEORIES History: Turning Points in World Politics ○ Peace of Westphalia Creation of modern states State sovereignty ○ Colonialism Scramble for africa Intense competition for territory Long term impact = not over Border disputes Bad economies Debt dependence ○ Cold war No direct military confrontation Ideological dimension Capitalism vs communism Democracy vs Strategic dimension Mutually assured destruction (nukes) (expression of hard power) Concepts and Actors*** ○ Understand theory Different from normative theory (what ukraine should be) ○ Level of Analysis Individual State leaders and others with influence Miscalculation and misperception Domestic / National States vs. nations Sovereignty State functions and goals Power  Systemic Anarchy Balance of Power Global Transnational Non-State Actors Globalization ○ State Definition Territory Citizens Legally sovereign ○ Sovereignty States only lawmaking authority in its borders* ○ Anarchy No governance and leadership at global level Due have order ○ Balance of Power Balance of Power: distribution of state capabilities in the system Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar Policy of making alliances and increasing power to alter the balance of power Shifts in balance of power create instability, e.g. war, economic crises, etc. Realism ○ Main concepts and ideas ○ Short summaries ○ DO NOT NEED SPELLINGS of important people ○ Theucidities War of athens and sparta Power determines outcome No morality or ethics ○ Machiavelli Ends justifies means Any behavior justified if its in states interest ○ Hobbs Anarchy: Need strong states to provide leadership ○ Classic vs Structural Classic Individual level of analysis  Human = evil, then so do states Structural Anarchy Have to protect self to survive ○ ALL BELIEVE STATES MOST IMPORTANT ACTORS MAXIMIZE SELF INTEREST POWER SEEKING ○ 3’s of Realism States Self interest Survival Anarchy Liberalism ○ Related to domestic sphere Freedom Capitalism Cooperation ○ Promote freedom + democracy, states will become more cooperative and helpful ○ 3 Types of Liberalism Sociological Liberalism Transnationalism People and groups more peaceful than states Neoliberalism Role institutions play in facilitating cooperation UN, NATO, international law Republican Liberalism Democracies don’t fight each other Domestic democratic checks and balances constrain war War w/ other democracies high reputational and economic costs Similar values and behavior mean we trust other democracies more and don’t perceive them as threats Democratic norms promote resolving disputes peacefully Critical Theories ○ Point out aspects of liberalism they find fundamentally wrong ○ Marxists Classes play most important role Means of production, nature of economy determines everything else International problem = capitalism, not anarchy ○ Constructivism World politics made up of material things and social facts  Social facts: depend on human agreement (EX: money) Norms: what is appropriate behavior for states Legitimacy: carryout not “norm” behavior ○ Feminism Structure = patriarchy (largely men in positions of power) Difference Feminism Valuing differences Liberal Feminist Equality Section II: GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Rules of Order ○ NO GLOBAL GOVERNMENT ○ Governance: creates order, cooperation Way of managing globalization ○ International law: implemented through states signing treaties ○ Types of Authority: Institutional Delegated Experts Principle Capacity Major Power Relations ○ Have enough hard and soft power to facilitate order ○ US + China ○ Allows them to be leaders, bullies, or both ○ Major powers interact a lot with each other ○ Russia: not on same level military or politically Aggressive foreign policy makes it a challenger Film ○ China Obvious rival militarily + economically ○ EU Large, robust regional body EU citizenship allows people to live or work anywhere The United Nations ○ MEMORIZATION ○ Every state = member ○ Deal with any global issue ○ Assessed vs voluntary contributions  ○ General assembly + Security council GA: ⅔ pass, every state = one vote Recognize statehood = biggest power SC: 15 members, permanent 5 Permanent 5 = veto power (examples) BOSCO reading ○ Governing over global security (nukes) ○ Keep major powers from going to war Global Civil Society ○ NGOs = type of civil society ○ Civil society = type of non-state actor ○ Different Has to be non-profit + non-violent Fundamentally not representing government ○ Types Relief/Humanitarian Alleviate human suffering (red cross) Human Rights Monitor, investigate, expose abuses/advocate policy reform (amnesty International) Environmental Promote awareness and provide scientific/technical expertise (greenpeace)