World History Unit 5 Class Review PDF

7.1, Part #1 (European Powers Form Alliances AND Major Causes of WWI) Triple Alliance-1812 -​ Germany -​ Austria-Hungary -​ Italy Later became known as the Central powers. Triple Entente-1893 -​ Russia -​ France 1904, France and britain signed, by default all allied, became kn...

7.1, Part #1 (European Powers Form Alliances AND Major Causes of WWI) Triple Alliance-1812 -​ Germany -​ Austria-Hungary -​ Italy Later became known as the Central powers. Triple Entente-1893 -​ Russia -​ France 1904, France and britain signed, by default all allied, became known as the ally powers. MAIN causes of WW1 M-Militarism A-Alliances I-imperialism N-Nationalism 7.1, Part #2 (The Balkan Powder Keg Explodes AND The Alliance System Leads to War) Archduke Francis Ferdanand -​ Black hand(serbian terrorist group) shot him while riding in his car. -​ In turn, Austria-hungary declared war on serbia -​ Serbian Nationalists thought that they would defeat Austria hungary because of their Russian allies -​ Ultimatum, austria-hungary->serbia, terms: anyone involved in murder was to be punished, austria-hungary had to be involved in the investigation, everyone had to be pro austria-hungary -​ Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914 The alliance system led to war -​ Since everyone had allies, there ended up being to major sides Who’s Fault? -​ They all blamed each other -​ Once nations started to mobilize troops, tensions got high, and peace was hard to keep 7.3, Part #1“The United States Enters the War AND The Great War Ends) Unrestricted Submarine Warfare -German sank Lusitania, American liner -Germany agreed to restrict submarine warfare -Feb 1 Germany announced it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare -United States denounced Germany Anti-German Sentiment Grows: -many Americns supported Allies because of cultural ties, shared language Total War: nations realized that in order to get a modern war they would need to incorporate all resources into the war effort -All nations other than Britain forced young men to be prepared to enlist into the military -Many costs from the war were needed to be paid leading to the government raising taxes Wilson’s Fourteen Points -January 1918, President Wilson issued the Fourteen Points, which was a list of terms for resolving future and current wars. -Wilson favored self-determination, or the right of people to choose their own form of government Final Offenses -Germans launched a huge offensive on the Western Front, which drew the Allies back 40 miles by spring -The rapid push caused many German casualties due to exhaustion -The Allies launched a counter attack which drew the Germans back. The Human Toll - more than 8.5 million men died in battle and more than twice the number of those men had been wounded and some were permanently disabled. - It was found that almost 6 million civilians had lost their lives. - In 1918 a deadly pandemic of influenza went around and in just a few months the flu killed more than 20 million people around the world. Economic Toll - Battle zones from France to Russia homes, farms, factories, roads and churches had been destroyed into rubble. - The allies blamed the conflict 7.3, Part #2: Making the Peace AND Effects of Peace Settlements -​ Paris Peace Conference -​ Allies met in Paris to discuss the fate of Europe, the former Ottoman Empire, and colonies around the world -​ Central Powers and Russia weren’t allowed to take part -​ Three strong leaders at the conference -​ Woodrew Wilson, David Lloyd George, George Clemenceau -​ League of Nations -​ Nations who would rather negotiate than go to war -​ Treaty of Versailles -​ where the Allies discussed the consequences for Germany  -​ Allies were to occupy the West Bank of the Rhine -​ reduced the German military to 100,000 men -​ Germans weren’t allowed to have tanks -​ Germany couldn’t have an air force -​ De - militarised Rhineland -​ No submarines or battleships -​ Germany wanted to go into an armistice -​ Armistice: agreement to end fighting with the Allies -​ Too many people died in the war - human toll -​ A lot of buildings to reconstruct and debt to pay - economic toll -​ New nations in Europe that came from Germany (czechoslovakia, austria, and hungary -​ Radicals wanted new social order and extreme changes and people from Africa and Asia who fought in the war thought that the European countries were not as strong as they thought they were - political toll -​ Mandates: territories administered by Western Powers -​ Self-determination: the right of people to choose their own form of government Trench warfare packet 1)​ European armies were well equpped with machine guns. 2)​ Mud usually prevented the burying of the dead 3)​ Artilley fire dug them up again and transported them to new positions 4)​ Machine guns gave soldiers ability to hold back their enemy and fire at a rapid rate 5)​ 6)​ Smell was awful because of many things including -​ Rotting carcasses -​ Overflowing latrines -​ Men that hadnt been bathed in weeks -​ Chloride and lime -​ Odor of poison gas -​ Rotting sandbags -​ Stagnant mud -​ Cigarette smoke -​ Rotting food 7)​ 8)​ Many men died from getting shot from even looking over to No Man’s Land. 9)​ What gas was used to defeat the protection of the gas mask? (Mustard Gas) 10)​What were some early attempts to protect the soldiers? (Cotton pads soaked in urine) 11)​Which country first introduced gas and when? (Germany, 1915) 12)​The assassination of which person sparked rapid succession of events that took Europe into a World War? - Archduke Franz Ferdinand 13)​Young women handed out white feathers to young men that weren’t in uniform or in the war because of their “cowardice”.  -​ Life in the Trenches: There is a lot of mud, water and everything is easily dirty -​ Water would always get into the trenches, flooding them to the point of rebuilding -​ War is Hell: they would hide in shell craters to avoid bullets -​ The trenches were zigzagged to avoid straight through damage -​ Arteillery barriges would explode and lead shards would scatter for hours -​ Instead of ptsd they called it shell shock Women during WWI 1)​ Why did women join the war?(ex. Nurse, army, ambulance driver, etc..) Joined for a sense of empowerment for women 2)​ What roles did women take on in the workforce during WW1? Women took the jobs of men and they took jobs that needed filling In the war. Some examples are nurses, ambulance drivers, they would join the army,hello girls etc.. 3)​ How did the war affect women's rights and suffrage movements? Women took over all of the jobs in the men’s field, when the men came from war it caused a lot of uprising. Women wanted to take a stand and started fighting back for their rights. 4)​ What were the women's challenges while working in the war? They were overworked, and tired all the time. The conditions were awful and very dirty. Honors article (Honors ONLY) What were the three theories about the causes for WWI? -People also thought that allies may have helped the countries but also could have made the war worse, because everyone was pitted against each other. - Theory 1: all due to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand - Theory 2: war happened due to deeper trends such as the alliance system, nationalism, imperialism, and an economic motive - Theory 3: war happened due to poor communication between representatives, because technology increased the speed of war, the communication was not fast enough - Was this war bound to happen due to the accumulation of events or did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand cause the war? What were the effects of the Archduke’s assassination? -​ Austria-Hungary issued a harsh ultimatum -​ Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia (July 28, 1914) -​ Russia mobilized support for Serbia— causing Germany to declare war on France and Russia -​ Germany invaded Belgium—which brought Britain into the war -​ Complicated allies= the start of the war​ Alliances were built to prevent wars but in reality they escalated them Countries believed national pride justified war Industrialization introduced rapid mobilization and advanced weaponry