Handling Special Sizes and Shapes (Long Objects) PDF

1 HANDLING SPECIAL SIZES AND SHAPES (LONG OBJECTS) Week 6 - Activity No. 5 I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES The students will be able to: 1. Identify and describe the kinds of long articles that m...

1 HANDLING SPECIAL SIZES AND SHAPES (LONG OBJECTS) Week 6 - Activity No. 5 I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES The students will be able to: 1. Identify and describe the kinds of long articles that must be handled. 2. Describe the methods and appropriate machines applicable to handling such articles. 3. Identify and illustrate below-the-hook attachment in handling for these long items. II. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES Any length greater than six feet is long and that a long article is one which exceeds this length and whose girth is relatively small in comparison with its long dimension. This second qualification differentiates the kinds of objects, from rolls and coils which have relatively large diameters compared with their lengths. The majority of products which fall in this present category are rigid and strong (Fig.5.01). Most of them are cylindrical (all solid or hollow), but some are rectangular. Others, like those in the structural field, are irregular in outline. Those with sufficiently small cross section may be combined and bound together to form a bundle. Included among the industries where long objects are found are steel fabrication, petroleum producing and refining, public utilities, logging and lumbering. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  2 Fig. 5.01 – The kinds of long articles that must be handled. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 147 Objects of this general character can be handled in several basic ways (Fig. 5.02). They can be lifted from underneath, as by the forks of a lift truck: supported on their ends as pipes and rods are sometimes stored; grasped by slings and hooks at both ends; lifted by a clamp at one end; encircled by a sling or slings; clamped around their girth and finally if properly constituted elevated by a magnet. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  3 Fig. 5.02 – Basic methods for handling long or tall articles. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 148 TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT In general, the machines shown in Fig.5.03 are found in and around plants, mills and warehouses. Most of them are propelled manually. Lighter pieces are loaded on these trucks by hand, but frequently heavier articles and bundles are set in place by means of a grab suspended from overhead equipment. Fig. 5.03 –Some dollies and a special truck Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 148 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  4 When long objects must be moved over more extended routes, both industrial and standard-gage railroads and highway trucks are required for the job. (Fig.5.04). Gondola and flat cars (referred to in general terms as open-top cars) are used. Fig. 5.04 – Long shapes carried over fixed and variable routes. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 149 ELEVATING EQUIPMENT For lifting and lowering vertically by means of hand and electric hoist, below-the-hook accessories are a necessary. Several elevating devices are illustrated (Fig.5.05). This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  5 Fig. 5.05 – Some elevating devices for long articles Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 150 CONVEYING EQUIPMENT Metal chutes are not satisfactory for lowering pipe or bar stock for any appreciable distance, however, they are used for handling lumber because of the higher coefficient of friction between wood and metal. Both gravity and powered rollers carry smooth-surfaced, long objects successfully. They are not applicable to pipes with flanges or collars. The rollers may be straight, concave or set in the form of a V. Spring-mounted rollers absorb shocks when heavy loads are deposited on them by an overload carrier (Fig.5.06). This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  6 Fig. 5.06 – Long articles can be conveyed, but sometimes only in a straight line Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 151 HOW LONG OBJECTS ARE CARRIED AROUND CURVES Long objects moved on the type of conveyors are restricted to relatively straight lines. Slight deviation s are possible, depending on the width of the conveyor and the length of the individual pieces. With overhead chain trolley conveyors and monorails, there is greater freedom in the path of travel. (Fig.5.07, upper left hand corner). Fig. 5.07 – Monorails and cranes provide overhead transferring Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 152 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  7 TRANSFERRING EQUIPMENT When greater freedom as to points where articles can be picked up or set down is required, an overhead bridge, gantry or similar type of crane is indicated (Fig.5.07). However, when the greatest flexibility is desired, a mobile crane usually fills the hill (Fig.5.08). BELOW THE HOOK ACCESSORIES A large number of below the hook attachment are available for handling long items (Fig. 5.08). Fig. 5.08 – Yard and power cranes with below the hook attachments. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 154 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  8 Fig. 5.09 – Suggestion for handling “Transit” pressure pipe. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 155 SELF-LOADING MACHINES Normally, long loads are not carried on conventional skids and pallets. They usually are carried on bare forks mounted in extra wide carriages or with specially designed pallets or bolsters (Fig.5.10). Numerous fork truck attachments are available which handle long articles without pallets. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  9 Fig. 5.10 – Fork trucks- without and with accessories handling long shapes. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 156 III. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS 1. Drawing Tools 1.1 pen or pencil 1.2 triangles (30°x60° and 45°x45°) 2. Drawing Plate (8”x13” bond paper with plate borders) 3. Photograph/Images of machines and devices applicable in handling long objects. 4. Photograph/Images of the kinds of long articles. IV. TASKS (STEPS) & KEY POINTS 1. Describe and illustrate the different kinds of long articles that must be handled. 2. Describe and draw various below-the-hook attachment applicable in handling long items. 3. Use a separate sheets of long bond paper (with plate borders) following the table format shown below. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  10 NAME OF LONG DESCRIPTIONS ILLUSTRATIONS ARTICLES BELOW-THE- HOOK DESCRIPTIONS ILLUSTRATION ACCESSORIES This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  11 V. TEST REVIEW EXERCISES TRUE OR FALSE. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false. ______ 1. One needs an overhead equipment to load lighter pieces. ______ 2. Bundles of pipes and other long materials should be lifted by hooks. ______ 3. Normally, long loads are not carried on conventional skids and pallets. ______ 4. For lifting and lowering vertically by means of hand and electric hoists, below-the-hook accessories are a necessity. ______ 5. Metal chutes are satisfactory for lowering pipe or bar stock for any appreciable distance. ______ 6. When long objects must be moved over more extended routes, both industrial and standard-gage railroads and highway trucks are required for the job. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  12 VI. PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS SUBJECT MODULE ACTIVITY / PROJECT: ACTIVITY CODE: TITLE LONG OBJECTS AND HANDLING NO. 5 MT 311 EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION MECHANICAL NAME OF STUDENT: HANDLING SYSTEM DIRECTION: This form should afford the Instructor to rate the Productivity/Performance of the student/s for a given Employable Skill/Activity/Project. On the space provided for, write the points which likely coincide with your evaluation for each of the following factors: OUTSTANDING – (9-10); PLUS SATISFACTORY (7-8); SATISFACTORY (5-6); BELOW SATISFACTORY (3-4 / NEED TO REPEAT) SATISFACTORY TASK PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT Provided with detailed drawing and instructions, available tools and materials, the student should be able to: 1. Identify and describe the different kinds of long articles that must be handled. 2. Describe various below-the-hook attachment applicable in handling long items 3. Finish the task assignment within the deadline set by the instructor. FACTORS RATING A. QUALITY / APPEARANCE (Symmetry, Verticality, Horizontality; Workmanship, Finish) B. ACCURACY/CRITICALITY (Exactness of Dimension/Specification, High, Medium, Low Criticality) FINAL GRADE REMARKS: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Assessed by: ______________________________ Instructor This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  13 HANDLING EXTERIOR CONTAINERS (BOXES AND CRATES) Week 7 - Activity No. 6 I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES The students will be able to: 1. Define and differentiate boxes and crates. 2. Describe the characteristics of boxes and crates as they influence techniques in handling. 3. Identify and describe the kinds of equipment applicable to handling these type of exterior containers. II. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES Practically every handling problem is concerned at one time or another with exterior containers – containers which are used as enclosures for shipping products. Volume wise, medium-sized boxes and crates loom large in this category and anyone who has to do with materials handling must be so thoroughly grounded in their characteristics that he knows about instinctively what equipment and methods to utilize in order to move them efficiently. Containers in this category make excellent units load. They are moved as individual units or handled as multiple units, under normal operating conditions without skids or pallets. DEFINITION OF TERMS: A carton is an interior container and is not used for shipping purposes. The words box and case are used synonymously and connote a rigidly constructed exterior container with closed faces, made of wood, metal, or fiber board. A crate is a shipping container of framed construction joined together by nails, bolts or other fasteners and whose frame may or may not be enclosed by sheathing, the purpose of which is to prevent scratching, pilferage or damage to the contents. HANDLING CHARACTERISTICS OF BOXES AND CRATES Six standard styles have been established for nailed or lock corner wooden boxes (Fig. 6.01). From the standpoint of handling, the significant This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  14 features of these boxes are that all have smooth bottoms, tops and sides, and excellent contacting surfaces and that those with horizontal end cleat facilitate the use of grabs and similar below-the-hook accessories. Fig. 6.01 – Standardized nailed (or lock corner) wooden boxes. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 43 On the other hand, boxes used for shipping fruits and vegetables (Fig.6.02) frequently are constructed with cross cleats to hold the top and the bottom slats together.- a feature which require more thoughtful machine selection. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  15 Fig. 6.02 – Some boxes have projecting cleats. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 44 The same applies to medium-sized crates (Fig.6.03) when made with cleats, in some instances on all six sides. Fig. 6.03 – Typical medium-sized crates. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 44 Wirebound boxes and crates (Fig.6.04) are constructed with sides, a top and a bottom fastened to cleats and to each other by means of binding wire and staples. Their ends may be plain or stapled to battens or liners and fastened in place by means of nails, staples or wires stapled thereto. Closure is affected by twisting or looping together the ends of the binding wires. Plywood boxes (Fig.6.04) are constructed of multiple veneer sheets glued together and fastened in various ways. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  16 Fig. 6.04 – Examples of wirebound boxes (left) and plywood boxes (right). Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 45 Boxes of many kinds are made of container board – either corrugated or solid fiber. Single-faced corrugated board is made by pasting a piece of corrugated board to a flat sheet of paper; double-faced by pasting a corrugated board between two flat sheets. Double board is a combination of single and double-faced boards pasted together. Corrugated and solid fibreboard boxes usually are made with smooth surfaces but the latter may be constructed with cleats for greater rigidity. The examples (Fig.6.05) are indicative of the many different available styles. Fig. 6.05 – Some regular and special corrugated fibreboard boxes. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 45 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  17 Boxes and crates may be strapped with flat bands or round wire (Fig.6.06). The latter variety is approximately four times thicker than the former; when it is used, problems may arise in connection with gravity wheel and roller conveyors. Fig. 6.06 – Any type of box may be strapped for addition strength and protection. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 46 HANDLING EQUIPMENT The kinds of equipment applicable to handling medium-sized boxes and crates. TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT The importance of boxes and crates as a group is emphasized by the many different varieties of two-wheel trucks- each designed and designated for a definite type of container (Fig.6.07). Cannery, dairy, beverage, egg case, bottlers and clamp are but a few of the name given to specialized equipment of this variety. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  18 Fig. 6.07 – Hand truck, plenty to select from. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 47 ELEVATING EQUIPMENT Vertical conveyors (both rigid arm and suspended carriage) handle these containers effectively (Fig.6.08) Fig. 6.08 – Some vertical conveyors used to elevate cases and crates. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 48 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  19 Pusher bar conveyors normally used for inclined handling (Fig.6.09, bottom) can be designed for vertical elevating of uniformly sized containers if provision is made to keep the units from falling off the line by means of an enclosing shield. Fig. 6.09 – All these are good conveyors for boxes and crates. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 51 With the right kind of below-the-hook accessory (Fig.6.10), such machines can be made available for spotty operations. Fig. 6.10 – Below-the-hook devices primarily for wooden boxes and crates. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 49 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  20 CONVEYING EQUIPMENT Machines of this category are employed so extensively that we must consider carefully the effects of different contacting surfaces in conveyor operations. Gravity chutes, because of their economy, are very popular for lowering boxes and crates. However, certain conditions affect their operation adversely: presence of moisture, wet or damp containers, strapping (especially metal on metal beds), sharp pitch, and a long run- all are factors to be watched carefully The next most economical means for moving boxes and crates down inclined paths are gravity wheel and roller conveyors (Fig.6-11). Fig. 6.11 – Boxes and crates on wheels and rollers. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 50 TRANSFERRING EQUIPMENT Machines in this category are used occasionally for handling individual cases and crates, in which cases below-the –hook accessories are required, but such operations are exceptional rather than the rule. SELF-LOADING EQUIPMENT Economic considerations have advanced the conception of handling boxes and crates (among other types of articles) singly and in multiple units This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  21 without skids and pallets. In selecting fork truck attachments for this purpose (Fig.6.12), care must be taken to be sure that the pressure exerted is adjusted to the crushability of the container. Fig. 6.12 – Some of many fork truck attachments for handling boxes and crates. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 52 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  22 SHOP BOXES, PANS AND BASKETS Although not classified as shipping containers, shop boxes and similar carriers are used extensively for handling a wide variety of products within and between plants. Their handling characteristics so closely resemble boxes and crates. Shop containers are made from a variety of materials (Fig.6.13). Normally they are transported by hand or platform trucks and moved on chutes or conveyors. Fig. 6.13 – Shop boxes made of various materials Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 53 III. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS 1. Drawing Tools 1.1 pen or pencil 1.2 triangles (30°x60° and 45°x45°) 2. Drawing Plate (8”x13” bond paper with plate borders) 3. Photograph/images of functional Handling Equipment 4. Photograph/images of Boxes and Crates This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  23 IV. TASKS (STEPS) & KEY POINTS 1. Identify and illustrate the different medium-sized boxes and crates. Describe the handling characteristics of each. 2. Use a separate sheets of long bond paper (with plate borders) following the table format given below. BOXES AND DESCRIPTION / ILLUSTRATION CRATES CHARACTERISTICS This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  24 V. TEST REVIEW EXERCISES QUESTIONS TO ANSWER. 1. Name and describe the various equipment according to its functions (transporting, elevating, conveying, transferring and self-loading equipment) applicable in handling boxes and crates. 2. Define the following terms: a) carton b) box c) crate VI. PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS SUBJECT MODULE ACTIVITY / PROJECT: ACTIVITY CODE: TITLE BOXES, CRATES AND HANDLING NO. 6 MT 311 EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION MECHANICAL NAME OF STUDENT: HANDLING SYSTEM DIRECTION: This form should afford the Instructor to rate the Productivity/Performance of the student/s for a given Employable Skill/Activity/Project. On the space provided for, write the points which likely coincide with your evaluation for each of the following factors: OUTSTANDING – (9-10); PLUS SATISFACTORY (7-8); SATISFACTORY (5-6); BELOW SATISFACTORY (3-4 / NEED TO REPEAT) SATISFACTORY TASK PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT Provided with detailed drawing and instructions, available tools, machines and materials, the student should be able to: 1. Identify, describe the handling characteristics and illustrate the different medium-sized boxes and crates. 2. Name and describe the various equipment applicable in handling boxes and crates. 3. Finish the task assignment within the deadline set by the instructor. FACTORS RATING A. QUALITY / APPEARANCE (Symmetry, Verticality, Horizontality; Workmanship, Finish) B. ACCURACY/CRITICALITY (Exactness of Dimension/Specification, High, Medium, Low Criticality) FINAL GRADE This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  25 REMARKS: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Assessed by: ______________________________ Instructor This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  26 HANDLING EXTERIOR CONTAINERS 2 (BARRELS, DRUMS AND PAILS) Week 8 - Activity No. 7 I. EXPECTED COMPETENCIES The students will be able to: 1. Define barrels, kegs, drums and pails. 2. Describe the categories of wooden barrels. 3. Discuss and apply the methods used in handling barrels and drums. 4. Identify and describe the appropriate devices applicable in handling these type of exterior containers. II. THEORIES / PRINCIPLES Barrels and drums differ somewhat in physical characteristics, but they share so many handling techniques. A wooden barrel is a uniformly bulging, cylindrical container of greater length than breadth, made of wooden staves bound together with hoops and having two flat ends or heads of equal diameter. A keg is a barrel of less than 30 gal. capacity. WOODEN BARREL CATEGORIES The Associated Cooperage Industries of America, Inc., divides barrels into three categories: 1. Slack Barrels – for the shipment and storage of powders, semisolids and solids. 2. Tight Barrels – for the shipment and storage of liquids and 3. Beer Barrels – for the shipment, storage and dispensing of malt beverages From time to time, one encounters a container referred to as a barrel which does not tally with the above specifications. An example is a so called basket barrel. This has interfaced and diagonally crossed wooden staves with five outside hoops and for greater strength, four inside hoops. The top of this barrel is made of burlap or cloth and not of wood. It is used primarily for the shipment of certain vegetable greens. Habit and trade customs have given rise to special names for barrels. Except for the U.S. Standard barrel, the following capacities are approximate: This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  27 NAME CAPACITY keg Under 30 gal U.S. Standard Barrel 31.5 gal (7056 cu.in.) Tierce 42 gal Hogshead 63 to 140 gal Cask (a general term) A large barrel Tun 252 gal Fig. 7.01 – The wooden barrel family. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 55 METAL BARRELS Compared with the number and varieties of steel drums, there are relatively few types of steel bilge barrels. It will serve our purpose to point out that steel barrels have less prominent chimes than wooden barrels- a feature to This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  28 be checked when planning to use hooks and grabs. Figure 7.2 shows the profile of a patented Alcoa beer barrel. Fig. 7.02 – An Alcoa (patented) beer barrel. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 57 The following data for this barrel can be taken as typical: Quarter Size Quarter Size Quarter Size (7.75 gal) (7.75 gal) (7.75 gal) Approximate weight (lb) ---------11.6 21.8 42.0 Shell thickness (in) -----------------0.125 0.156 0.188 Over-all height (in.) ---------------16.020 19.300 24.720 Over-all diameter (in) -------------14 5/16 18 1/8 22 13/16 The bilge of these barrels differs from the wooden varieties. Instead of a point contact at the bilge, there are two projecting hoops to provide greater stability. The chimes are so fashioned that hooks and grabs are not satisfactory handling mediums. METAL AND FIBER DRUMS A drum is defined as a single-walled, cylindrical container made of metal, plywood or fibreboard with inserted or attached head. Metal drums are made of steel or stainless steel with two protruding rolling hoops. Those made of other materials have smooth sides. A pail is a small metal drum (1 to 12 gal. capacity). The Steel Shipping Container Institute, Inc., recommends standard specifications for several kinds of steel drums and two types of steel pails. The profile of a typical steel drum is shown in Fig.7.3 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  29 Fig. 7.03 – A 55 gal steel drum and two types of closures. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 58 Alcoa offers several types of aluminium drums of which two are shown in Fig.7.04 Fig. 7.04 – Two Alcoa aluminium shipping drums. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 58 From the standpoint of handling, the outstanding feature of drums is the presence of hoop. These change the character of the surface and provide good rolling plus greater stability than is found in barrels. PAILS Shipping pails are small sized drums. Two such are recommended by the Steel Shipping Company Inc., one of 5 gal capacity with tight head, the other a 5 gal (35 lb) universal pail with lug cover. The latter has a wire bail (handle), with or without a wooden grip. Both are approximately 12 in. in diameter and 13 ½ in high, weigh about 5 lb, and have chimes. The tight head type has straight sides. The lug cover variety has a bead near the top (Fig.7.5). This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  30 Fig. 7.05 – Two types of pails used for shipping. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 61 Because of their relatively small dimensions, these containers are handled in much the same as kegs. Like kegs, shipping pails have chimes, but their sides are not bulging. Contrasted with those made of wood or steel, fiber drums have straight cylindrical sides (Fig.7.06). Fig.7.06 – A few types of fiber drums. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 61 They are offered in a wide range of sizes, one manufacturer producing them in from 1 to 60 gal capacities. Some are made of all fiber; others have fiber sidewalls and wooden or metal headings. HANDLING TECHNIQUES The Associated Cooperage Industries of America, Inc., makes explicit recommendations for methods to be used in handling wooden barrels (Fig.7.7). This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  31 Fig. 7.07 – How not to and how to handle wooden barrels. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 62 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  32 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT As we found in connection with boxes and crates, may specialized two- wheel hand trucks are available for handling barrels and drums (Fig.7.08) Fig. 7.08 – Some barrel hand trucks. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 63 The hoop-type truck permits the handling of barrels with canvas or cloth tops without damage to the contents, which might occur with the hook arrangement. The hoop-type is also the best variety for handling fiber drums. The keg truck and the two drum handlers (Fig.7.9) are special purpose devices. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  33 Fig. 7.09 – Special drum handlers. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 64 ELEVATING EQUIPMENT When fixed-arm vertical conveyors with continuous motion are used to elevate containers of this type (barrels and drums) in a horizontal position, the arms are curved to fit the shape of the barrel or drum or are arranged as a V to cradle the load (Fig.7.10) This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  34 Fig. 7.10 – Kinds of elevating and lowering devices for barrels and drums. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 65 Special handlers (Fig.7.11) facilitate various kinds of operations and provide considerable flexibility in moving barrels and drums Fig. 7.11 – Special Handlers. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 66 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  35 Derricks, jib and shop cranes, hoists and winches are all utilized for elevating these containers. These devices require slings or grabs to hold the load during elevation. (Fig.7.12). Fig. 7.12 – Examples of the many below-the-hook accessories for barrels and drums. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 67 When slings are employed for handling fiber drums, care must be exercised to arrange them in such a way that they do not bind and crush the container walls. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  36 Merrill Brothers, manufacturer of the drum lifter that engages the chime (Fig.7.13), recommend the device for all types of steel drums (with or without heads) but suggest that test be made before using a grab with other types of metal or fiber drums. Fig. 7.13 – How chime grabs handle steel drums. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 68 CONVEYING EQUIPMENT Barrel skids are among the oldest and most extensively used pieces of equipment for lowering barrels and, more rarely, drums (Fig. 7.14) This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  37 Fig. 7.14 – Plenty of ways to convey barrels and drums. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 69 TRANSFERRING EQUIPMENT Practically every machine of this group can be utilized for handling barrels and drums. Monorails and light overhead-traveling cranes provide the means for depositing containers along a fixed route or via variable routes over a limited area. The below-the-hook attachments shown in Fig.7.12 and Fig.7.13 are used with these machines as well as with elevating equipment. This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  38 SELF-LOADING EQUIPMENT It is important in considering the use of these devices (Fig.7.15) to be sure that gripping or clamping mechanism is suitable for the particular container it is planned to handle, that it is contoured correctly, and that the pressure is adjusted correctly. Fig. 7.15 – Typical drum and barrel handling attachments for fork lift trucks. Haynes, D, Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications, page 71 This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  39 Devices which engage the container from the side must have sufficient room to disengage it and some space may be lost in tiering, but those which clamp the container at the top and the bottom permit closer spacing in pil III. TOOLS, EQUIPMENT & MATERIALS 1. Drawing Tools 1.1 pen or pencil 1.2 triangles (30°x60° and 45°x45°) 2. Drawing Plate (8”x13” bond paper with plate borders) 3. Photograph/images of Barrels and Drums 4. Photograph/images of functional Handling Equipment used in handling barrels and drums VII. TASKS (STEPS) & KEY POINTS 1. Describe and illustrate several methods to be used in the proper handling of wooden barrels. 2. Use a separate sheets of long bond paper (with plate borders) following the table format given below. HANDLING ILLUSTRATION TECHNIQUES/METHODS (DO’S AND DON’TS) This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  40 VIII. TEST REVIEW EXERCISES Question to answer. 1. Define and differentiate the following: barrels, kegs, drums and pails. 2. Identify and describe some equipment used in handling barrels and drums according to its functions (transporting, elevating, conveying, transferring and self-loading equipment). PRODUCTIVITY TEST SHEET/RUBRICS SUBJECT MODULE ACTIVITY / PROJECT: ACTIVITY CODE: TITLE BARRELS, DRUMS AND HANDLING NO. 7 MT 311 EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION MECHANICAL NAME OF STUDENT: HANDLING SYSTEM DIRECTION: This form should afford the Instructor to rate the Productivity/Performance of the student/s for a given Employable Skill/Activity/Project. On the space provided for, write the points which likely coincide with your evaluation for each of the following factors: OUTSTANDING – (9-10); PLUS SATISFACTORY (7-8); SATISFACTORY (5-6); BELOW SATISFACTORY (3-4 / NEED TO REPEAT) This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  41 SATISFACTORY TASK PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT Provided with detailed drawing and instructions, available tools and materials, the student should be able to: 1. Describe and illustrate several methods used in the proper handling of wooden barrels. 2. Identify and describe the appropriate equipment in handling barrels and drums according to its functions. 3. Finish the task assignment within the deadline set by the instructor. FACTORS RATING A. QUALITY / APPEARANCE (Symmetry, Verticality, Horizontality; Workmanship, Finish) B. ACCURACY/CRITICALITY (Exactness of Dimension/specification, High, Medium, Low Criticality) FINAL GRADE REMARKS: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Assessed by: ______________________________ Instructor This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.  42 LIST OF REFERENCES Textbook/s: Haynes, D. Oliphant (1962), Materials Handling Applications Matthew W. Potts (1946), Materials Handling Equipment James M. Apple (1971), Materials Handling William Handby, Industrial Safety Handbook Mechanical Engineers Handbook Design and Production On-line: https://www.kokeinc.com/material-handling/general https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/materials-handling Laboratory Manuals: Department of MET, workshop laboratory manual ABOUT THE AUTHOR/S This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.