WISC-V and WAIS-V PDF eBook

WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE - V AND WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN - V BSP 3E Azarcon, Rizelle P. Espinar, Geraldine V.  Background/Brief History About the Development of the Test The WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and WA...

WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE - V AND WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN - V BSP 3E Azarcon, Rizelle P. Espinar, Geraldine V.  Background/Brief History About the Development of the Test The WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) are two of the most widely used intelligence tests today, designed to assess cognitive abilities in children and adults. Both are part of the Wechsler series of intelligence tests. Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)  Wechsler (1958) defined intelligence as “the aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment.” StudySmarter. (n.d.). David Wechsler. StudySmarter. https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/psychology/famous-psychologists/david-wechsler/ Wechsler’s belief in multidimensional intelligence, the importance of both verbal and non-verbal skills, and the recognition that intelligence varies with age and life experiences, were all critical ideas that influenced the creation of the WISC and WAIS. He aimed to create a more holistic and practical assessment of intelligence— one that recognized the complexity of human cognition and the varying needs of different age groups. DEVELOPMENT OF TESTS WAIS (WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE) WAIS - 1955 WAIS-R - 1981 WAIS-III - 1997 WAIS-IV - 2008 WAIS-V - 2024 WISC (WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN) WISC - 1949 WISC-R - 1981 WISC-III - 1991 WISC-IV - 2003 WISC-V - 2014 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PEARSON CORPORARTION (1921) ASSESSMENTS (1844) JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL SAMUEL PEARSON Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d.). James McKeen Cattell [Image]. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved January 28, 2025, from National Library of Wales. (1840). Portrait of Samuel Pearson https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-McKeen- [Photograph]. National Library of Wales Catalogue. Cattell#/media/1/100070/9247 https://viewer.library.wales Wikipedia contributors. (2020). File:Pearson logo.svg. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 30, 2025, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pearson_logo.svg Freebie Supply. (2025). The Psychological Corporation logo [Logo]. Freebie Supply. https://freebiesupply.com/logos/the-psychological-corporation-logo/  Author/s of the Tool WAIS (WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE) WAIS - 1955 David Wechsler WAIS-R - 1981 David Wechsler Contributors: Alan Kaufman with other intelligence testing experts WAIS-III - 1997 Psychological Corporation WAIS-IV - 2008 Pearson Assessments WAIS-V - 2024 Pearson Assessments  WISC (WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN) WISC - 1949 David Wechsler WISC-R - 1981 David Wechsler Contributors: Alan Kaufman with other intelligence testing experts WISC-III - 1991 Psychological Corporation WISC-IV - 2003 Pearson Assessments WISC-V - 2014 Pearson Assessments  Primary use/Purpose: Strengths and Limitations WAIS and WISC are used to measure overall intelligence, specific cognitive abilities, intellectual giftedness, cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and learning disabilities. STRENGTHS OF BOTH WAIS-V AND WISC-V LIMITATIONS OF BOTH WAIS-V AND WISC-V Multi-faceted assessment of intelligence Neither test measures non-academic skills Improved reliability and validity Age considerations Special group studies Cultural differences in education Clinical utility Neurodivergent populations Global use and cultural adaptation Language barriers Technological integration Static measure  Psychometric Properties WAIS (WECHSLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE-V) Reliability, Validity and Utility The WAIS- V has provided high reliability and validity score provided by the interpretation manual ranges from r=.97-.98 for the FSIQ and r=.87-.98 for primary index scores (Canivez, 2024) The WAIS-V demonstrates strong construct validity because it shows robust correlations with other well-established intelligence tests (Nelson et al., 2024). UTILITY: Clinical Forensic Research Cross Cultural Contexts  WISC (WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN-V) Reliability, Validity and Utility The reported reliability corrected test-retest and validity in the WISC-V's FSIQ test is r= 0.92, with an overall average reliability coefficient for primary index scores r= 0.88-0.93. The raw score correlation between the paper and digital formats of the test is r= 0.84-0.88 (EFFICACY RESEARCH REPORT WISC-V, 2017). This means that the test is well-established and has a high reliability and validity (EFFICACY RESEARCH REPORT WISC-V, 2017). UTILITY: Clinical Educational Research Cross-Cultural Contexts  Test Administration MATERIALS FOR WAIS-V AND WISC-V E X A M I N E R f o r O N - S I T E 1. Test kit 4. Test-Specific Materials WAIS/WISC manual(s) for administration and scoring. Blocks (for the Block Design subtest). Stimulus books (for presenting visual stimuli). Picture cards (for Picture Completion, Picture Record forms (for recording responses). Concepts, etc.). Response booklets (if applicable, e.g., for subtests Symbol Coding booklet (for Coding subtest). requiring written responses). Response key (for the Symbol Search subtest). 2. Writing Instruments 5. Seating and Workspace Pencils (multiple, with erasers) for recording answers Comfortable chairs and a flat, clean table. and notes. Proper lighting and quiet environment. Pen (for examiner's final documentation or notes). 6. Optional Materials 3. Timing Device Spare test booklets (in case of errors or damage). Stopwatch (preferably digital and silent) for timed Calculator (for scoring, though manual or digital subtests. systems are often used). Backup stopwatch or timer app.  Test Administration MATERIALS FOR WAIS-V AND WISC-V E X A M I N E R f o r Q - I N T E R A C T I V E 1. iPad Devices 4. Internet Connection Two iPads: One for the examiner and one for Required for syncing data but not mandatory the examinee. during administration (offline functionality Compatibility and charge status need to be available). checked. 5. Power Backup 2. Q-interactive Subscription Power bank or charging station for uninterrupted Access to the Q-interactive system with licensed device use. WAIS or WISC content. Pre-download test batteries to avoid issues during testing. 3. Stylus/Pencil for iPad Optional but useful for navigation and note- taking.  Test Administration MATERIALS FOR WAIS-V AND WISC-V E X A M I N E E f o r O N - S I T E 1. Writing Instruments Pencils with erasers (for completing subtests requiring written answers). 2. Test-Specific Tools Blocks for Block Design (provided by the examiner). Response booklets (provided by the examiner). 3. Comfortable Environment Proper seating and table space suited for the examinee's age/size. Tissues or water (optional, to ensure comfort).  Test Administration MATERIALS FOR WAIS-V AND WISC-V E X A M I N E E f o r Q - I N T E R A C T I V E 1. iPad Device An iPad provided by the examiner, locked to prevent access to other apps. 2. Stylus Optional for tasks requiring precision (e.g., Drawing or Coding).  Test Administration QUALIFICATIONS OF PEOPLE INVOLVED Examiner: Must have formal training in psychological testing and psychometrics. Examinee: Must have cognitive capacity to understand and engage with the test. WAIS-V: Adults aged 16-90. WISC-V: Children aged 6-16. TIME/DURATION WAIS-V: 45-60 minutes. WISC-V: 60-70 minutes. HOW IT SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED Traditionally, using pen and paper, both were administered individually in a quiet, distraction- free setting. Remotely, still individually, often using iPads in a controlled, secure online enivronment (e.g., Q-interactive). Examiner follows scripted instructions to ensure consistency. Brief breaks may be provided for children in the WISC-V if needed.  Test Administration HOW IT SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED Q-INTERACTIVE Pearson Clinical. (n.d.). Q-interactive, Pearson's 1:1 iPad-based assessment system [Photograph]. Pearson Clinical UK. Pearson Clinical. (n.d.). Q-interactive, Pearson’s 1:1 iPad-based assessment system [Photograph]. Pearson Clinical Canada. Retrieved January 28, 2025, from https://www.pearsonclinical.co.uk/store/ukassessments/en/Store/Professional- Retrieved January 28, 2025, from https://www.pearsonclinical.ca/store/caassessments/en/Store/Professional- Assessments/Q-interactive%2C-Pearson%27s-1%3A1-iPad-Based-Assessment-System/p/P100009105.html Assessments/Q-interactive%2C-Pearson%E2%80%99s-1%3A1-iPad-Based-Assessment-System/p/P100008178.html  Test Administration HOW IT SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED OVERALL 1. Ensure all materials are organized and pre- 1. Before the session starts, ensure both devices are checked before testing begins. fully charged and paired for smooth operation. 2. Have a spare set of key materials in case of 2. Take time to familiarize yourself with navigating unforeseen issues. the Q-interactive app to avoid disruptions during 3. Keep any electronic devices (e.g., phones) on testing. silent to avoid distractions. 3. Have a backup plan ready in case of technical issues, such as reverting to paper forms or rescheduling the session. 4. Ensure the examinee's device is locked to prevent access to other apps or tools that could interfere with the test. 5. Clearly explain to the examinee how to interact with the iPad, including how to tap, swipe, or use the stylus if needed.  Items WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-V) Full Scale: Five Depending on the subtests Primary Index Scales Ten Ranging from 10- 150 items, depending on the specific subtest.  Verbal Comprehension Index Similarities, Vocabulary, Information and Comprehension Similarities Vocabulary 19 items 30 items Sample Item: Sample Item: “ How are car and bicycle "What does the word alike?" ‘benevolent’ mean?"  Visual Spatial Ability Fluid Reasoning Block Design and Visual Puzzles Matrix, Figure Weights, Arithmenthic and Set Relations Block Visual Matrix Figure Design Puzzles Reasoning Weights 27 items. 14 items 24 items 26 items Sample Item: Sample Item: Sample Item: Sample Item: The test presents a scale Given a set of colored Which six pieces make Choose the missing piece with figures on each side, blocks, the person must up the puzzle shown? that completes the matrix and the task is to replicate a visual pattern pattern from a set of determine which option shown on a card. options. balances the scale. Pearson, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 sample score report. NCS Pearson. https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/content/dam/school/global/clinical/au/assets/wais-5/wais-5-sample-score- report.pdf  Working Memory Index Digit Sequencing, Running Digits, Digits Forward, Digits Backward, Letter-Number Sequencing, Symbol Span and Spatial Addition Digit Squencing Running Digits 16 items Does not have a set number of items Sample Item: "Repeat the following Sample Item: numbers in reverse order: 2-9-4-8-8-9-4-2 4, 2, 9."  Processing Speed Index Coding, Symbol Search , Naming and Speed Quantity Symbol Search Coding 72 items 135 items Sample Item: The client, under time pressure, Sample Item: scans a search group and indicates The participant must match whether one of the symbols in the numbers with corresponding target group matches (2mins) symbols quickly based on a reference key (2mins) Pearson, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 sample score report. NCS Pearson. https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/content/dam/school/global/clinical/au/assets/wais-5/wais-5-sample-score-report.pdf  New Subtests WORKING MEMORY FLUID REASONING PROCESSING SPEED Running Numbers Set Relations Naming Speed Quantity Symbol Span Spatial Addition  Running Numbers Symbol Span Spatial Addition Pearson, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 sample score report. NCS Pearson. https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/content/dam/school/global/clinical/au/assets/wais-5/wais-5-sample-score-report.pdf  Set Relations Naming Speed Quantity Pearson, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 sample score report. NCS Pearson. https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/content/dam/school/global/clinical/au/assets/wais-5/wais-5-sample-score-report.pdf  SUMMARY General Cognitive Ability Aspects of Cognitive Funtioning Additional insights into specific cognitive function Pearson Assessments. (2024). WAIS–V overview [Brochure]. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wais-5/wais-5-overview-brochure.pdf Kumusta? KAYA MO PA? u/user_splat. (2023). Does anyone other than me know where this cat is?. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/teenagers/comments/15fsoxv/does_anyone_other_than_me_know_where_this_cat_is/?rdt=43129  Items WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-V) Full Scale: Five Depending on the subtests Primary Index Scales Ten Ranging from 10- 150 items, depending on the specific subtest.  Verbal Comprehension Index Similarities, Vocabulary, Information and Comprehension Similarities Vocabulary 14 items 40 items Sample Item: Sample Item: “In what way are a dog and a "What does the word cat alike?" ‘elaborate’ mean?"  Visual Spatial Index Block Design and Visual Puzzles Block Visual Design Puzzles 14 items 14 items Sample Item: Sample Item: Recreate the design shown Which six pieces make on the examiner's card up the puzzle shown? using blocks Pearson Education, Inc. (n.d.). WISC-V integrated brochure. Pearson Assessments. Retrieved , 2025, from https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale-for-Children-%7C-Fifth- Edition-/p/100000771.html  Fluid Reasoning Index Matrix Reasoing, Figure Weights, Picture Concepts and Arithmetic Matrix Reasoning Figure Weights 20 Items 20 Items Sample Item: Sample Item: What comes next in the Which of the options sequence of shapes would balance the scale Pearson Education, Inc. (n.d.). WISC-V integrated brochure. Pearson Assessments. Retrieved , 2025, from https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale- for-Children-%7C-Fifth-Edition-/p/100000771.html  Working Memory Index Digit Span, Picture Span and Letter- Number Sequencing Digit Span Picture Span Does not have a set number of Does not have a set number of items items Sample Item: Sample Item: "Repeat the following numbers in The child is shown a series of reverse order: 4, 2, 9." pictures and must recall and point to them in the same order they were presented, testing their visual working memory. Pearson Education, Inc. (n.d.). WISC-V integrated brochure. Pearson Assessments. Retrieved , 2025, from https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale-for- Children-%7C-Fifth-Edition-/p/100000771.html  Processing Speed Index Coding, Symbol Search and Cancellation Symbol Search Coding 60 items 90 items Sample Item: Sample Item: Find whether the target symbols For each symbol, write the match any of the symbols shown corresponding number from the key. Pearson Education, Inc. (n.d.). WISC-V integrated brochure. Pearson Assessments. Retrieved , 2025, from https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition- %26-Neuro/Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale-for-Children-%7C-Fifth-Edition-/p/100000771.html  New Subtests VISUAL SPATIAL INDEX WORKING MEMORY FLUID REASONING INDEX INDEX Visual Puzzle Picture Span Figure Weights  Visual Puzzles Picture Span Figure Weights Pearson Education, Inc. (n.d.). WISC-V integrated brochure. Pearson Assessments. Retrieved , 2025, from https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale-for- Children-%7C-Fifth-Edition-/p/100000771.html  SUMMARY Raiford, S. E., & Holdnack, J. A. (2014). WISC-V: Technical and interpretive manual [Figure]. PsychCorp. iStock. (n.d.). Educational exam [Photograph]. iStock. Retrieved 2025, from https://www.istockphoto.com/search/2/image-film?phrase=educational+exam Scoring (WAIS-V)  Scoring (WAIS-V) BROCHURE Pearson Assessments. (2024). WAIS–V overview [Brochure]. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wais-5/wais-5-overview-brochure.pdf STEPS ACTION EXAMPLE CALCULATION Example subtest raw scores: Similarities = 20, 1 Record Raw Scores Vocabulary = 18, Information = 15. Use the WAIS-V manual’s tables: Convert Raw Scores to Scaled Scores - Similarities: Raw Score 20 → Scaled Score 12 2 (Mean=10; SD=3) - Vocabulary: Raw Score 18 → Scaled Score 11 - Information: Raw Score 15 → Scaled Score 10. Add scaled scores for the subtests in the index: 3 Calculate Sum of Scaled Scores Similarities (12) + Vocabulary (11) + Information (10) = 33. Use the WAIS-V manual’s Index Score conversion Convert Sum (Index Score) to Standard table: 4 Score A sum of scaled scores 33 = Index Score 105 (M=100; SD=15) (Verbal Comprehension) STEPS ACTION EXAMPLE CALCULATION Perform steps 1–4 for all other Index Scores: - Visual Spatial Index (VSI): Sum = 19 → Index Score = 95 - Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI): Sum = 23 → Index Score 5 Repeat for All Index Scores = 100 - Working Memory Index (WMI): Sum = 19 → Index Score = 95 - Processing Speed Index (PSI): Sum = 23 → Index Score = 100. Add all Index Scores: 6 Calculate Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) 105 (VCI) + 95 (VSI) + 100 (FRI) + 95 (WMI) + 100 (PSI) = 495. Use the WAIS-V FSIQ conversion table: 7 Convert Total Index Score to FSIQ Total Index Score 495 = FSIQ 111. Pearson, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 sample score report. NCS Pearson. https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/content/dam/school/global/clinical/au/ass ets/wais-5/wais-5-sample-score-report.pdf Pearson Education, Inc. (2020). WISC-V interpretive report. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wisc- v/wisc-v-interpretive-report.pdf  Scoring (WISC-V) Pearson Assessments. (2024). WAIS–V overview [Brochure]. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wais-5/wais-5-overview-brochure.pdf Pearson Education, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 brochure. Pearson Assessments. https://www.PearsonAssessments.com  TOTAL SCALED STANDARD PERCENTILE INDEX SUBTESTS (SCALED SCORES) SCORES SCORES RANK Verbal Similarities (12), Vocabulary (16), Information Comprehension 48 121 92 (10), Comprehension (10) Index (VCI) Visual Spatial Index Block Design (9), Visual Puzzles (15) 24 111 77 (VSI) Fluid Reasoning Matrix Reasoning (19), Figure Weights (12) 31 131 98 Index (FRI) Working Memory Digit Span (15), Picture Span (8) 23 110 75 Index (WMI) Processing Speed Coding (19), Symbol Search (15) 34 141 99 Index (PSI INDEX STANDARD SCORES WEIGHTED CONTRIBUTION TO FSIQ VCI 121 Weighted contribution applied VSI 111 Weighted contribution applied FRI 131 Weighted contribution applied WMI 110 Weighted contribution applied PSI 141 Weighted contribution applied FSIQ 132 PR=98 Pearson Education, Inc. (2020). WISC-V interpretive report. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wisc-v/wisc-v-interpretive-report.pdf Pearson Education, Inc. (2020). WISC-V interpretive report. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wisc-v/wisc-v-interpretive-report.pdf  KEY NOTES Always refer to the WAIS-V or WISC-V manual for accurate scoring tables, converting raw scores to scaled scores, and understanding the comprehensive context of the derived scores. Each calculated composite score should be accompanied by confidence intervals which give an estimate of measurement error, ensuring accurate interpretation. Kumusta? KAYA PA? u/user_splat. (2023). Does anyone other than me know where this cat is? [Text post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/teenagers/comments/15fsoxv/does_anyone_other_than_me_know_where_this_cat_is/?rdt=43129  Interpretation WAIS-V Pearson Education, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 brochure. Pearson Assessments. https://www.PearsonAssessments.com  Interpretation WISC-V Pearson Education, Inc. (2020). WISC-V interpretive report. Pearson Assessments. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/content/dam/school/global/clinical/us/assets/wisc-v/wisc-v- interpretive-report.pdf  Sample of available test materials WAIS-V Pearson Education, Inc. (n.d.). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale | Fifth Edition (WAIS-5). Pearson Clinical Asia. https://www.pearsonclinical.asia/store/asiaassessments/en/Store/Professional-Assessments/Cognition-%26-Neuro/Wechsler- Adult-Intelligence-Scale-%7C-Fifth-Edition/p/P100092003.html  Sample of available test materials WISC-V Pearson Education, Inc. (2019). WISC-V UK brochure. Pearson Clinical. https://www.pearsonclinical.co.uk Sample of available test results WAIS-V Pearson, Inc. (2024). WAIS-5 sample score report. NCS Pearson. https://www.pearsonclinical.com.au/content/dam/school/global/clinical/au/assets/wais-5/wais-5-sample-score-report.pdf SAMPLE INTERPRETATIVE REPORT (WAIS-IV) Sample of available test results WISC-V SAMPLE INTERPRETATIVE REPORT (WISC-V) "The WAIS-IV is a brilliant instrument in every respect. Wechsler's adult scales have always been the gold standard of adult intelligence and this latest revision has raised the bar to heights never before imagined. The WAIS-IV is a state-of-the-art, comprehensive battery that excels psychometrically, clinically, and neuropsychologically while offering innovative subtests in a user-friendly format." Alan S. Kaufman, PhD Clinical Professor of Psychology Yale University  References Abdelhamid, G. S. M., Bassiouni, M. G. A., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2021). Assessing cognitive abilities using the WAIS-IV: An Item Response Theory Approach. 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