Intelligence Tests PDF

Chapter 6: Intelligence The Stanford-Binet Test measures intelligence based on five cognitive Definition of Intelligence: abilities: Intelligence refers to the ability to lear...

Chapter 6: Intelligence The Stanford-Binet Test measures intelligence based on five cognitive Definition of Intelligence: abilities: Intelligence refers to the ability to learn, Reasoning- The ability to think adapt, and perform tasks that require logically and make inferences, including complex thinking and learning. both abstract reasoning (solving problems without concrete examples) It is measured using the Intelligence and practical reasoning (solving real- Quotient (IQ), derived from world problems). standardized intelligence tests. Knowledge- The amount of information Intelligence varies across individuals a person has learned over time, and includes the ability to adapt socially including general knowledge of the and meet contemporary social world and specific facts in areas like expectations. science, history, and culture. The Binet Test Quantitative reasoning- The ability to understand and solve problems Alfred Binet, a French physician, involving numbers, such as developed the first intelligence test. mathematical operations, patterns, and The Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale relationships between quantities. was designed to measure aspects contributing to school success, with a Visual-spatial processing- The ability focus on mental age. to understand and manipulate visual information, such as recognizing shapes, Mental Age - It refers to the level of understanding how objects fit together, intellectual functioning or cognitive or navigating in space. abilities of a person, as measured against the average abilities of individuals at Working memory- The ability to hold different chronological ages. and manipulate information in the mind for short periods, such as remembering a Example: If a child passes questions for list of numbers while solving a problem a five-year-old but fails the six-year-old or following complex instructions. tasks, their mental age is considered to be five. The final score is often reduced to the IQ ratio. Kinds of Intelligence Tests The Wechsler Tests Individual Tests: Administered by psychologists, these tests validate results Divided into verbal and nonverbal from group tests. (performance) sections. Group Tests: Administered to many Measures skills like abstract thinking individuals at once, commonly used by (verbal) and problem-solving teachers. (nonverbal). Helpful in assessing individuals with language or speech disorders. The Stanford-Binet Test WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) Predict Academic Success: Reading readiness, school progress, and potential WAIS is designed for adults (ages 16- for college success. 90). Special Education: Helps identify Divided into two main sections: students who need extra educational support. 1. Verbal Comprehension Index: Assesses ability to understand, use, and Job Screening: Used in businesses to think with words. assess potential employees. 2. Perceptual Reasoning Index: Assesses Clinical Use: Identifying mental ability to think with visual information retardation or disabilities. and solve novel problems. Includes tasks like block design, Meaning of an IQ matrix reasoning, and visual IQ measures reasoning ability and logic puzzles. in problem-solving. WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for It gauges memory, problem-solving Children) skills, and speed of response. An individual’s IQ may guide WISC is designed for children (ages educational decisions (special education, 6-16). gifted programs) and job placements. Similar structure to the WAIS, with Limitations: IQ is only one factor in a focus on the cognitive abilities of determining success; ambition, children. persistence, and opportunity are also 1. Verbal Comprehension Index: important. Assesses vocabulary, verbal reasoning, and ability to express thoughts. Levels of Intelligence 2. Visual-Spatial Index: Measures ability Genius: 140 or greater to analyze and solve visual problems. Very Superior: 130-140 Commonly used in educational settings Superior: 120-130 to identify learning disabilities or giftedness. Normal: 90-110 The Terman-McNemar Test of Mental Borderline: 70-80 Ability Severe Mental Retardation: Below 25 A group intelligence test for students in grades 7-12. Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences It consists of multiple-choice questions covering verbal skills like synonyms, Gardner’s Theory: Intelligence should analogies, and logical selections. not be limited to traditional IQ tests but should be seen in various forms. Gardner suggests 8 intelligences (with a Uses of Intelligence Tests possible 9th - existential intelligence): 1. Visual-Spatial Intelligence: Ability to visualize and interpret visual information. Careers: Architect, Artist, Engineer. 2. Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence: Ability to use words effectively. Careers: Writer, Lawyer, Teacher. 3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: Ability to analyze problems logically. Careers: Scientist, Engineer, Mathematician. 4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: Ability to use physical movements and gestures. Careers: Dancer, Builder, Actor. 5. Musical Intelligence: Ability to think in musical patterns. Careers: Musician, Composer, Singer. 6. Interpersonal Intelligence: Ability to understand and relate to others. Careers: Psychologist, Counselor, Salesperson. 7. Intrapersonal Intelligence: Ability to reflect on oneself. Careers: Philosopher, Writer, Scientist. 8. Naturalistic Intelligence: Ability to relate to nature. Careers: Biologist, Farmer, Conservationist.