Literature and Story Elements Reviewer (PDF)

**L1: Literature and Story Elements** Slay - to murder Tavern - a place for drinking alcohol Apothecary - pharmacist Reveler - a person who enjoys rowdy drinking and partying Florin - an old European coin Geoffrey Chaucer - A major English poet known for The Canterbury Tales Metrical Tale - A...

**L1: Literature and Story Elements** Slay - to murder Tavern - a place for drinking alcohol Apothecary - pharmacist Reveler - a person who enjoys rowdy drinking and partying Florin - an old European coin Geoffrey Chaucer - A major English poet known for The Canterbury Tales Metrical Tale - A long, narrative poem about ordinary lives, incorporating realism. Setting - Time and place of a story Characters: Protagonist - Central character facing main conflict Antagonist - The character in opposition to the protagonist Plot - The sequence of events: beginning, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution Point of View - The narrator's perspective (first, second, third limited, or third omniscient) Literary Devices - Flashback, foreshadowing, motifs, symbolism, figures of speech, imagery Tone - Author\'s attitude towards the subject Mood - The feeling evoked in readers Structure - Metrical tales follow poetic structure and specific meter, often iambic pentameter Literary Standards - Universality, artistry, style, spiritual value Theme - The core message or lesson (e.g., The Pardoner's Tale on greed) **L2: Types of Adverbs** Adverb of Manner - Describes how an action occurs Adverb of Place - Describes where an action occurs Adverb of Time - Describes when an action occurs Adverb of Frequency - Describes how often an action occurs Adverb of Degree - Describes the extent or degree of an action Adverb of Affirmation - Confirms something is true Adverb of Negation - Confirms something is not true\ **\ L3: Parallelism in Sentence Structure** Parallelism means using the same grammatical structure for words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence. This technique enhances clarity and readability. Parallel structure allows for smoother, more balanced sentences, making it easier for readers to understand and follow. **Lists**. Example:\ Non-parallel: \"She likes reading, to write, and painting.\"\ Parallel: \"She likes reading, writing, and painting.\" **With Coordinating Conjunctions** (and, or, but): Use the same structure for items joined by these conjunctions. Example:\ Non-parallel: \"The book was intriguing and had suspense.\"\ Parallel: \"The book was intriguing and suspenseful.\" **With Correlative Conjunctions** (either...or, both...and): Both sides of the conjunction should be in the same form. Example:\ Non-parallel: \"She is not only talented but also has charm.\"\ Parallel: \"She is not only talented but also charming.\" **In Comparisons** (than or as): Keep a similar structure on both sides. Example:\ Non-parallel: \"Learning a language is more challenging than to study science.\"\ Parallel: \"Learning a language is more challenging than studying science." **Paired Ideas**: Example\ Non-parallel: \"He wanted to finish the project quickly and with success.\" Parallel: \"He wanted to finish the project quickly and successfully.\"\ \ **L4: Figures of Speech** Simile - Direct comparison using like or as Metaphor - Implied comparison Hyperbole - Exaggeration Apostrophe - Addressing absent or abstract entities as if present Assonance - Repetition of vowel sounds Onomatopoeia - Words that imitate sounds (e.g., hiss, buzz) Personification - Assigning human traits to non-human entities **L5: Subject-Verb Agreement Rules** Verb agrees with the subject, not the of-phrase Singular subjects with or, either/or, or neither/nor require a singular verb Verb matches the closest subject when using or, either/or, neither/nor Subjects with and typically take plural verbs Exception: When treated as one unit Singular subject with along with, as well as, or besides takes singular verb Inverted sentences (starting with there or here) place subject after the verb Distances, time periods, sums are considered singular Abstract nouns take singular verbs Portions (e.g., majority, some, all) agree with of-phrase noun Collective nouns (e.g., audience, jury) can be singular or plural Subjunctive mood sentences (e.g., wishes, hypothetical) use were **L6: Conditional Sentences** Zero Conditional - If + present simple, present simple (for universal truths) First Conditional - If + present simple, will + base verb (real possibility) Second Conditional - If + past simple, would + base verb (unlikely or hypothetical) Third Conditional - If + past perfect, would have + past participle (past hypothetical situations)