Indian National Movement Summary PDF

Okay, here is the conversion of the image into a structured markdown format: ## The Indian National Movement (1885-1916) Phases * Early Nationalist Phase (Moderates) (1885-1905) * Assertive Nationalist Phase (Radicals) (1905-1918) * Gandhian Phase (1948-47) ### \* Early Nationalist Phase \*...

Okay, here is the conversion of the image into a structured markdown format: ## The Indian National Movement (1885-1916) Phases * Early Nationalist Phase (Moderates) (1885-1905) * Assertive Nationalist Phase (Radicals) (1905-1918) * Gandhian Phase (1948-47) ### \* Early Nationalist Phase \* #### People * They were called the moderates! * Middle class, educated intellectuals * Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjee, Gopal Krishna Gokhale #### Beliefs * They believed that British rule was a blessing and they believed that they were (at the time) unfit to govern themselves * They believed that the British had a good sense of justice and fair play * They believed the British could be convinced * They wanted a solid foundation which led to unity later on * Spread political awareness & instilled a sense of national unity * Familiarized the people with political affairs & the ideas/concepts of freedom, democracy, government, secularism, nationalism etc. ### \* The Assertive Nationalist Phase \* #### People * They were called radicals! * Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosh. #### Beliefs * No belief in the British's sense of fair play & justice * No faith that the British will introduce reforms for Indian welfare * Their British rule is a curse * Their intention clashed with Indian intentions / interests * India could not progress under their rule Diff. from Poorna Swaraj (means total freedom) A Britisher were not allowed to stay. #### Objectives * Goal was Swaraj (immediate freedom) but the British could stay to guide them. #### Method * ACTIVE OPPOSITION to the govt. A political * Anti-government agitation w/ support of the masses * The Congress got transformed from a platform to basically into a movement for freedom fighter * Basically it went after national movement ### The 1905 Partition of Bengal * Bengal had been separated based on the Britisher's divide & rule policy * In actuality, this was done to divide the Muslims & Hindus which would weaken their unity & this weaken the mass movement. * This was the 1st gap between Hindu and Muslim * The Radicals, as a response, adopted the methods of swadeshi (use of only, Indian items/goods) & were told to boycott all British goods. ### ≈ The 1907 Surat Split ≈ * The Bengal Partition, had briefly brought unity between the moderates & the radicals w/the moderates even supporting radical methods. * Then there was a great crack created between the the two wings. * In the Surat Session (1907), the Congress expelled all the Radicals They worked as their own group separately till 1916 * The British then crushed the swadeshi movement * Tilak (Radical) was then sentenced to an 6 year imprisonment. #### Objectives * and persuaded to make the right decisions & take necessary reforms. * They wanted more participation in the government & eventually self-government #### Methods * They presented their grievances to the govt and tried to make necessary reforms * They had peaceful methods * Spread political awareness, national unity * They also sent delegates over to Britain to persuade them. #### Demands * They wanted reforms & laws for the welfare of the Indian people, and were convinced the British "cared a great deal" if they believed they were reasonable & just. #### Contributions * Historians believed that they had "little to no" contribution at all since they didn't reach their objectives, however, ### ≈ The First World War & India ≈ (1914-18) * Indians & the nationalist leaders gave a lot of support, even rent over "hundreds of over" 100 million pounds were given to the British. * The British declared they were fighting for "a world safe for democracy" and supported the right for countries to have self government. * India thinks that fell down on "patell" * Britain "might grant" than * As the war continued, the British continued to ignored requests demands of the nationalist * Tilak (released in 1914) believed the British wouldn't do a any thing they said they'd. * The Congress had "moderates who people lost respect for" and they were "remembered by" passive and inactive. * Tilak knew he'll do something to have comes ### ⇒ The Home Rule Leagues (1916) ⇒ * One by Annie Besant & One by Tilak * Main aim was to achieve self-gov. after the war * The both of them travelled all over India & spread the movement, which starts to become navy popular ### ⇒ The Lucknow Session (1916) ⇒ * Summary: The Lucknow Pact brought the Hindus & Muslims together & the Radicals and Moderates together ### The Muslim League (1906) * **Intro** * Leader: Nawab Salimullah Khan * When: December 1906 * Where: Dacca (Present day Dhaka) * Prominent Members: * Aga Khan * Mohammad Ali Jinnah (a prominent Congress leader) joined in 1913 * They demanded a roll back the partition of Bengal * for his Muslim the they demanded special safeguards for Muslims in govt service ### Separate electorates * This was done in 1906 for basically Muslim votes and the muslims voters would note for them * sounded the death one for national unity and this was where we start to part. ### Objectives * Promote legally to the British crown among Muslims * Promote & protect political rights of Muslims rights * Prevent feelings of hostility. ### Hindu-Muslim unity * Muslims turned their pro-British attitude to an ante-British attitude * Muslim Nationalists like Maulana Ali Mohammad Ali & Maulana Shaukat Ali (The Ali Brothers) * Ali Brother Maulana Mohammad Ali * Maulana Shaukat Ali * Maulana Abul Kazam Azad * Told the the that the real enemy over the Britisheral vialiom * Thus, the Congress & the Muslim League signed the Lucknow Pact in 1916 to allow for joint schemes of political networks in India * Under this Pact, they jointly at put forward demand for Dominion Status ### Moderate - Radical Unity * The Signing of this Pact also made the Moderates & Radicals had a session (last one was in Surat Split, 1907) They neglected they had to put * unite del front to against British govt. * The End I hope this is helpful! Let me know if you have any other questions.