Teeth Function & Anatomy PDF

 **What is the primary function of teeth?** - A\) Only for speech - B\) Aiding in digestion by breaking down food - C\) Exclusively for facial structure support - D\) Assisting in speech and mastication - E\) None of the above  **How many teeth do adults normally have, and how are...

 **What is the primary function of teeth?** - A\) Only for speech - B\) Aiding in digestion by breaking down food - C\) Exclusively for facial structure support - D\) Assisting in speech and mastication - E\) None of the above  **How many teeth do adults normally have, and how are they distributed?** - A\) 28 teeth, between the upper and lower jaw - B\) 32 teeth, between two dental arches (maxillary and mandibular) - C\) 32 teeth, all in the maxillary arch - D\) 28 teeth, divided equally between the right and left sides - E\) 20 teeth, only in the mandibular arch  **Which teeth are commonly referred to as \"wisdom teeth\"?** - A\) First premolars - B\) Second premolars - C\) Canines - D\) Third molars - E\) Central incisors  **At what age do deciduous (primary) teeth typically begin to appear?** - A\) 6 to 24 months - B\) 5 years - C\) Birth to 6 months - D\) 1 to 3 years - E\) 3 to 5 years  **When does the replacement of deciduous teeth with permanent teeth usually start and end?** - A\) Starts at birth and completes by age 8 - B\) Starts around age 5 and completes by age 11 - C\) Starts at age 3 and ends by age 12 - D\) Starts at age 7 and ends by age 15 - E\) Starts at age 10 and ends by age 18  **Which part of the tooth is covered by enamel?** - A\) Neck - B\) Root - C\) Crown - D\) Alveoli - E\) Dentin  **What is the largest region of the tooth that anchors it in the bone?** - A\) Crown - B\) Neck - C\) Root canal - D\) Pulp cavity - E\) Enamel  **What is the purpose of the pulp cavity within the tooth?** - A\) It houses the enamel layer. - B\) It stores nutrients for the tooth. - C\) It contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. - D\) It anchors the tooth to the periodontal ligament. - E\) It surrounds the dentin.  **What is the name of the hole where nerves and blood vessels enter and exit the pulp of a tooth?** - A\) Pulp cavity - B\) Root canal - C\) Apical foramen - D\) Alveoli - E\) Cementum  **What type of tissue is dentin, and where is it located?** - A\) A soft tissue, covering the enamel - B\) A nonliving tissue, surrounding the pulp cavity - C\) A living, calcified tissue surrounding the pulp cavity - D\) A bone-like substance on the outer surface of the tooth - E\) A fibrous tissue in the alveoli  **What is the function of enamel?** - A\) It provides nutrients to the pulp cavity. - B\) It is a soft tissue that surrounds the dentin. - C\) It is a hard, nonliving substance that surrounds the dentin. - D\) It anchors the tooth to the jawbone. - E\) It assists in bone growth.  **What is the role of cementum in the tooth structure?** - A\) It acts as a hard surface for chewing. - B\) It covers the enamel layer. - C\) It helps anchor the tooth to the periodontal ligament. - D\) It surrounds the pulp cavity. - E\) It strengthens the dentin layer.  **Where are teeth anchored within the jaw?** - A\) In the pulp cavity - B\) In the enamel layer - C\) In the alveoli - D\) In the apical foramen - E\) In the crown  **What tissue covers the alveolar processes in the mouth?** - A\) Enamel - B\) Cementum - C\) Gingiva - D\) Dentin - E\) Alveoli  **What is the function of periodontal ligaments?** - A\) They supply blood to the pulp cavity. - B\) They secure the teeth in the alveoli. - C\) They create enamel around the tooth. - D\) They produce cementum for the root. - E\) They form the dentin layer.  **What is the largest organ in the body by weight?** - A\) Heart - B\) Brain - C\) Liver - D\) Kidneys - E\) Lungs  **How many lobes does the liver have?** - A\) Two - B\) Three - C\) Four - D\) Five - E\) Six  **Which ligament separates the two major lobes of the liver?** - A\) Round ligament - B\) Coronary ligament - C\) Hepatoduodenal ligament - D\) Falciform ligament - E\) Lesser omentum  **What are the two minor lobes of the liver?** - A\) Left and right lobes - B\) Superior and inferior lobes - C\) Caudate and quadrate lobes - D\) Anterior and posterior lobes - E\) Medial and lateral lobes  **The porta hepatis is located on which surface of the liver?** - A\) Superior - B\) Posterior - C\) Lateral - D\) Inferior - E\) Anterior  **Which vessels enter the liver through the porta hepatis?** - A\) Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and hepatic nerve plexus - B\) Inferior vena cava and aorta - C\) Right and left hepatic veins - D\) Common bile duct and cystic duct - E\) Pulmonary veins and artery  **Which vessels exit the liver through the porta hepatis?** - A\) Inferior vena cava and aorta - B\) Lymphatic vessels and two hepatic ducts - C\) Right and left hepatic arteries - D\) Common hepatic duct and bile duct - E\) Hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery  **What forms the common hepatic duct?** - A\) Union of the cystic duct and the bile duct - B\) Union of the left and right hepatic ducts - C\) Connection between the hepatic artery and portal vein - D\) Branching of the hepatic nerve plexus - E\) Fusion of the bile duct and gallbladder  **Where does the cystic duct originate?** - A\) Pancreas - B\) Liver - C\) Gallbladder - D\) Kidney - E\) Duodenum  **The common bile duct is formed by the union of which two structures?** - A\) Right and left hepatic ducts - B\) Hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery - C\) Cystic duct and common hepatic duct - D\) Hepatic artery and common hepatic duct - E\) Lymphatic vessels and portal vein  **Hepatic cords are composed of what type of cells?** - A\) Erythrocytes - B\) Leukocytes - C\) Hepatocytes - D\) Kupffer cells - E\) Chondrocytes  **Which of the following is NOT a function of hepatocytes?** - A\) Bile production - B\) Detoxification - C\) Blood filtration - D\) Storage and interconversion of nutrients - E\) Phagocytosis  **During the cephalic phase of stomach secretion, what first stimulates the medulla oblongata?** - A\) The presence of chyme in the stomach - B\) The release of histamine - C\) The taste, smell, or thought of food, or the tactile sensation of food in the mouth - D\) The low pH in the duodenum - E\) The release of cholecystokinin  **Which nerves carry parasympathetic action potentials to the stomach, activating the enteric plexus?** - A\) Hypoglossal nerves - B\) Trigeminal nerves - C\) Glossopharyngeal nerves - D\) Vagus nerves - E\) Sciatic nerves  **In the cephalic phase, what is stimulated by postganglionic neurons in the stomach?** - A\) Only parietal cells - B\) Secretions by parietal and chief cells, and secretion of gastrin and histamine by endocrine cells - C\) Only chief cells - D\) Only endocrine cells - E\) Sensory receptors in the duodenum  **What is the role of gastrin during the cephalic phase?** - A\) It decreases gastric secretions in the stomach. - B\) It stimulates secretion in the stomach, along with histamine. - C\) It inhibits HCl secretion. - D\) It increases the pH of the chyme. - E\) It activates the medulla oblongata.  **Which of the following inhibits gastric secretions when chyme with a pH less than 2 or containing lipids enters the duodenum?** - A\) Increased production of gastrin - B\) Three mechanisms involving local reflexes, sensory input to the medulla, and hormone release - C\) Increased secretion by parietal and chief cells - D\) Activation of the vagus nerve - E\) The release of pepsin  **What sensory input to the medulla from the duodenum causes inhibition of gastric secretion?** - A\) Motor input to the stomach - B\) The taste and smell of food - C\) Sensory input from the duodenum inhibiting motor input from the medulla - D\) Local reflexes from the stomach - E\) Gastrin release from the stomach  **What is the function of local reflexes in the intestinal phase of stomach regulation?** - A\) They stimulate HCl secretion. - B\) They inhibit gastric secretion. - C\) They stimulate the release of cholecystokinin. - D\) They activate the vagus nerve. - E\) They increase the motility of the stomach.  **Which hormones produced by the duodenum decrease gastric secretions in the stomach?** - A\) Gastrin and histamine - B\) Secretin and cholecystokinin - C\) Pepsin and HCl - D\) Insulin and glucagon - E\) Aldosterone and cortisol