What is PCM.docx

**What is PCM?** **PCM** stands for **Program Curriculum Matrix.** In the context of CHED (Commission on Higher Education) and the effect of K-12, it refers to a framework designed to: ** Enhance Students\' Communicative Competence:** Improve skills in effective communication. - **Cultural an...

**What is PCM?** **PCM** stands for **Program Curriculum Matrix.** In the context of CHED (Commission on Higher Education) and the effect of K-12, it refers to a framework designed to: ** Enhance Students\' Communicative Competence:** Improve skills in effective communication. - **Cultural and Intercultural Awareness**: Foster understanding and appreciation of different cultures. - **Ethical Communication:** Promote respectful and responsible communication practices. - **Establish Connection to Other Cultures:** Encourage interactions and relationships with people from various cultural backgrounds. - **Borderless Society**: Support a more inclusive and interconnected global community. **Language and Communication** **Language:** - **Human Essence:** Language is fundamental to human identity and consciousness (Gomylny). - **System of Rules**: Involves grammar, which governs how words and sentences are structured. - **Sound System:** Phonology, which deals with the sounds of language. - **Lexicon:** Vocabulary, the set of words and their meanings used in a language. **Communication:** - **Exchange of Ideas**: The process of sharing thoughts and information through language. - **First Language**: The mother tongue, acquired naturally from birth. - **Second Language:** Learned language, such as English for Filipinos, used for broader communication. **Communication Processes:** - **One-Way Communication**: Information is transmitted from sender to receiver without feedback. - **Two-Way Communication:** Includes feedback, allowing for a cyclical exchange of ideas and responses. **Types of Communication According to Mode** **[Verbal Communication]** **1. Spoken Words**: Use of spoken language to convey messages. **[Non-Verbal Communication]** **Proxemics:** Physical distances between communicators. **Kinesics/ Gestures:** **Facial Expression:** Emotions shown on the face. **Gaze**: Eye contact revealing feelings. **Body Language:** Movements and posture. **1. Paralinguistics/Vocalics:**Vocal aspects like tone and pitch. **2. Haptics:** Communication through touch. **3. Chronemics**: Use and perception of time in communication. **4. Visual:** Use of images and visual aids. **Types of Communication According to Context** **1. Intrapersonal:** Communication with oneself. **2. Interpersonal**: Exchange of ideas between people. **3. Extended:** Use of electronic communication. **4. Organizational:** Information flow within an organization. **Types of Organizational Structures** **[Formal]** **Top-Down**: Communication from higher to lower levels. **Bottom-Up**: Communication from lower to higher levels. **Horizontal/Vertical**: Communication within or between departments. **Overt/Diagonal:** Across or between different levels and departments. **[Informal]** **- Grapevine**: Unofficial channels of communication. **Intercultural** \- **Communication Between Different** **Cultures:** Exchange of ideas across cultures. **Types of Communication According to Style and Purpose** **[Formal]** \- Uses formal language and structure. \- Examples: Official documents, business correspondence. **[Informal]** -Casual language, including slang and idioms. **Language Registers** **1. Static/Frozen**: Unchanging language (e.g., Pledge of Allegiance). **2. Professional/Academic:** Formal and information-focused. **3. Formal:** Impersonal, one-way communication. **4. Casual**: Everyday language, slang, and idioms. **5. Intimate**: Private, personal language. **Communication in a Global Context** ** Global Shrinkage:** Increased connectivity reducing distances. - **Economic Systems:** Integration of global economies. - **Global Village:** The world becoming interconnected. **World Englishes and Its Implications** **Kachru\'s Three Circles:** - Inner Circle (ENL): Native speakers who set language norms. - Outer Circle (ESL): Nonnative speakers who learned English through colonization and develop norms. - Expanding Circle (EFL):English learners who rely on native norms and use English as a foreign language. **The Role of English as a Global Lingua Franca** **Lingua Franca**: A common language used by speakers of different native languages for communication. **Inner Circle (ENL):** \* United States \* United Kingdom \* Canada \* Australia \* These countries are where English is the native language and where the norms and standards of the language are primarily set.
Outer Circle (ESL): **\* India:** English is used as a second language due to historical colonization and is a major medium of instruction and communication. **\* Nigeria**: English is one of the official languages and is widely used in government, education, and media. **\* Philippines**: English is an official language and is widely used in education, business, and government. In these countries, English was introduced through colonization and has become an important second language with its own evolving norms. **Expanding Circle (EFL):** **\* China**: English is learned as a foreign language and is used for international communication, business, and education. **\* Japan**: English is taught in schools and used in business and international contexts but is not a native language. **\* Brazil:** English is studied as a foreign language and used in international trade, tourism, and academia. \* In these countries, English is learned as a foreign language and is dependent on the norms set by native English-speaking countries. **PHILIPPINE ENGLISH** Philippine English is a legitimate nativized variety of English (Dayag, 2012). The linguistic development of Philippine English (PE) or Standard Filipino English (SFE) is influenced by the Spanish language and primarily of American English (Orbe, 2016). **CHARACTERISTICS OF PE** The characteristics of Philippine English today are seen in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. **1. Pronunciation** \- It follows the thythm of the national or even locallanguages. \- It has distinct stress patterns in polysyllabic words. \- It does not show distinction in /s/,/z/th//t/d/ pleasure, seize, three-tree, these-dese **2. Grammar** -Use of present perfect for simple past I have seen him yesterday. You saw him? **Other Features of PE** **1. Code Switching** I\'m sorry ngayon lang ako naka email. Feel ko love nya ko Sino ang enjoy kang kasama? Features\... **2. Abbreviation** aircon-airconditioning ref-refrigerator (Frigidaire- Philippine English) emcee-master of ceremonies **4. Borrowing words** borrowed from other languages; done by changing the spelling contadt- kontak driver- drayber high school-hayskul **Philippine English included in the English dictionary** 1\. dirty kitchen 2\. dorm mate 3\. estafa 4\. halo-halo 5\. lechon 6.Viand 7\. yaya