Introduction to Biology PDF

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY  What is Biology? “Biology” derived from the two ancient Greek words Biology is the science of Life. Biology is the science dealing with study of living things. SALIENT FEATURES OF LIVING THINGS THEY CAN GROW. THEY CAN RESPIRE....

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY  What is Biology? “Biology” derived from the two ancient Greek words Biology is the science of Life. Biology is the science dealing with study of living things. SALIENT FEATURES OF LIVING THINGS THEY CAN GROW. THEY CAN RESPIRE. TAKES UP MATERIALS OR NUTRIENTS FROM SUROUNDING FOR ENERGY. THEY CAN EXCRETE. THEY CAN MOVE. THEY CAN SENSE AND RESPONSE TO STIMULI. THEY CAN REPRODUCE.  TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY BRANCH DEALING WITH BRANCH DEALING WITH PLANTS ANIMAL OR OR STUDY OF PLANTS STUDY OF ANIMALS BIOLOGY IS RELATED WITH SEVERAL OTHER SCIENCES The study of external structure of Organisms. - MORPHOLOGY The study of organism's internal structure. - ANATOMY STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS - CYTOLOGY OR CELL BIOLOGY STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF TISSUES. - HISTOLOGY STUDY OF LIFE PROCESSES SUCH AS GROWTH, RESPIRATION, EXCRETION, NUTRITION, ETC. IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS. - PHYSIOLOGY The study of Biology of molecular level. - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY  STUDY OF HEREDITY AND VARIATION - GENETICS  SYSTEMETIC CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT AND ANIMALS. - TAXONOMY  INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF ORGANISMS BETWEEN THEMSELVES & THEIR ENVIRONMENT - ECOLOGY The use of biology to develop new products, methods and organisms intended to improve human health and society. E.g. Mice, Bt-cotton, Pomato, etc. - BIOTECHNOLOGY  STUDY OF THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING THINGS. - BIOCHEMISTRY  Study and imitation of nature's methods, mechanisms, and processes to solve human problems. - BIOMIMICRY OR BIOMIMETICS The use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data. - BIOINFORMATICS  Measurement and statistical analysis of people's unique physical and behavioural characteristics. - BIOMETRY Used for identification and access control or for identifying individuals who are under surveillance. The study of health and diseases, e. g. drug discovery, vaccines etc. - BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH  Study of microscopic organisms and their interactions, with other living things. Bacteria, Viruses etc. - MICROBIOLOGY  STUDY OF ANCIENT ORGANISMS THROUGH THE FOSSILS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS. - PALAEONTOLOGY  Study of diseases and the causes, process, nature and development of diseases. - PATHOLOGY  The study of the interactions between drugs and organisms. - PHARMACOLOGY  The practice of growing crops or raising animals. - AGRICULTURE  The art or practice of garden cultivation and management. - HORTICULTURE  The Science or practice of planting, managing, and caring for forests. - FORESTRY  Study of culture, development and propagation of fishes. - PISCICULTURE  IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY Comparable to mathematics, physics, and chemistry in its relevance and impact on human society.  Biology is an essential field of science that holds immense importance for a variety of reasons: 1. Enhancing our understanding of the natural world: Biology satisfies our innate curiosity about the living world, from the smallest microorganisms to the most complex organisms. Provides the fundamental knowledge into the processes and mechanisms that sustain life within ecosystems. This helps us to appreciate/understand the diversity and complexity of living organisms on our planet. 2. Advancements in medicine: Biological research has led to significant advancements in medicine, enabling the development of new treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools for various diseases. Understanding the human body, its functions, and the underlying causes of diseases is crucial for improving healthcare and promoting human well-being. 3. Addressing environmental challenges: Biological knowledge helps us understand the inter- relationships within ecosystems and the impact of human activities on the environment. This understanding is essential for developing sustainable practices, conserving biodiversity, and addressing issues like climate change, pollution, and resource depletion. 4. Improving agriculture and food production: Biological research has led to advancements in agricultural practices, such as the development of high-yielding crop varieties, efficient farming techniques, and effective pest management strategies. These advancements help ensure food security and improve the quality and quantity of food production to meet the growing global population's needs. 5. Technological and scientific progress: Biological discoveries and principles have inspired the development of various technologies, such as biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioinformatics. These advancements have led to innovations in fields like renewable energy, materials science, and computing, driving scientific and technological progress. Thank You